Improved Diet Quality in Elite and Entry-Level Military Women Compared With Civilian-Matched Counterparts.

Background: Dietary intake is a modifiable factor linked to short-term and long-term health. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is an objective measure to assess diet quality and population-level comparisons, like military to civilian.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize diet quality of early-career and mid-career female soldiers compared with that of age-matches and sex-matched civilians and to link indicators of cardiometabolic disease risk to dietary outcomes and health status.

Near-Field Passive Wireless Sensor for High-Temperature Metal Corrosion Monitoring.

This work focuses on the fabrication and evaluation of a passive wireless sensor for the monitoring of the temperature and corrosion of a metal material at high temperatures. An inductor-capacitor (LC) resonator sensor was fabricated through the screen printing of Ag-based inks on dense polycrystalline AlO substrates. The LC design was modeled using the ANSYS HFSS modeling package, with the LC passive wireless sensors operating at frequencies from 70 to 100 MHz.

Spatiotemporally derived agricultural field delineations for species effects assessments and environmental decision support.

Rural landscapes are strongly defined by the spatial distribution of agricultural fields. GIS layers that capture this information have much utility in many decision support contexts, particularly with regards to the intersection of agricultural pesticide use and endangered species habitat. The United States Department of Agriculture's Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a georeferenced, annual resource that often serves a crucial role in pesticide risk-related decision support applications.

Low Carbohydrate Availability Promotes a Distinct Circulating microRNA Profile 24 Hours Following Aerobic Exercise.

Low carbohydrate availability during recovery from aerobic exercise alters skeletal muscle microRNA (miRNA) profiles, which may mechanistically regulate exercise recovery. However, its impact on circulating miRNA (c-miRNA) profiles remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of low versus adequate carbohydrate availability on c-miRNA profiles during recovery from aerobic exercise.

HIV and sexual health needs of young key populations in Papua New Guinea: results of biobehavioural surveys (2016-2017).

Papua New Guinea lacks data characterising the sexual health needs of younger key populations (KP): female sex workers (FSW) and commercially and sexually exploited girls (CSE), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women (TGW). Biobehavioural surveys among KP were conducted in three cities. We conducted unweighted and weighted analysis for sample and population proportions, respectively.

Fantastic wetlands and why to monitor them: Demonstrating the social and financial benefit potential of methane abatement through salt marsh restoration.

Salt marsh restoration has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions thereby providing an opportunity for blue carbon crediting, but implementation has been limited to date because of insufficient data and validation. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential scale of methane emissions that could be avoided if salinity-reducing impairments are mitigated by applying findings from six salt marsh restoration sites in Massachusetts combined with a previously demonstrated application of the salt marsh salinity-methane relationship. We used calculations of these avoided emissions to estimate the social benefit of salt marsh restoration by calculating avoided costs.

Evaluation of distribution system water quality during a free chlorine conversion.

Chloraminated drinking water systems commonly use free chlorine conversions (FCCs) to prevent or control nitrification, but unintended water quality changes may occur, including increased disinfection by-product and metal concentrations. This study evaluated water quality in a chloraminated drinking water system and residential locations before, during, and after their annual, planned FCC. Water quality alternated between relatively consistent and variable periods when switching disinfectants.

granulomatous typhlocolitis in a horse.

A 23-y-old gelding was presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with a history of chronic, refractory diarrhea. Clinically, the horse was in poor body condition, with a thickened and corrugated large intestine identified by transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonography. At postmortem examination following euthanasia, the large colon and cecum had segmental thickening of the intestinal wall with innumerable mucosal ulcers and prominent polypoid mucosal masses.

Connecting stakeholder priorities and desired environmental attributes for wetland restoration using ecosystem services and a heat map analysis for communications.

Framing ecological restoration and monitoring goals from a human benefits perspective (i.e., ecosystem services) can help inform restoration planners, surrounding communities, and relevant stakeholders about the direct benefits they may obtain from a specific restoration project.

An analysis of culture-based methods used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. from surface water: A systematic review.

Identification of methods for the standardized assessment of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in environmental water can improve the quality of monitoring and data collected, support global surveillance efforts, and enhance the understanding of environmental water sources. We conducted a systematic review to assemble and synthesize available literature that identified methods for assessment of prevalence and abundance of bacterial fecal indicators and pathogens in water for the purposes of monitoring bacterial pathogens and AMR. After screening for quality, 175 unique publications were identified from 15 databases, and data were extracted for analysis.

Fine-scale spatiotemporal variations in bacterial community diversity in agricultural pond water.

Microbial communities in surface waters are affected by environmental conditions and can influence changes in water quality. To explore the hypothesis that the microbiome in agricultural waters associates with spatiotemporal variations in overall water quality and, in turn, has implications for resource monitoring and management, we characterized the relationships between the microbiota and physicochemical properties in a model irrigation pond as a factor of sampling time (i.e.

Short-term cocoa bioflavanol supplementation does not improve cold-induced vasodilation in young healthy adults.

Purpose: Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is an oscillatory rise in blood flow to glabrous skin that occurs in cold-exposed extremities. Dietary flavanols increase bioavailable nitric oxide, a proposed mediator of CIVD through active vasodilation and/or withdrawal of sympathetic vascular smooth muscle tone. However, no studies have examined the effects of flavanol intake on extremity skin perfusion during cold exposure.

Genetic characterization and description of Leishmania (Leishmania) ellisi sp. nov.: a new human-infecting species from the USA.

In a 2018 report, an unusual case of cutaneous leishmaniasis was described in a 72-year-old female patient residing in Arizona, United States of America (USA). Preliminary analysis of the 18S rDNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes supported the conclusion that the Leishmania strain (strain 218-L139) isolated from this case was a novel species, though a complete taxonomic description was not provided. Identification of Leishmania at the species level is critical for clinical management and epidemiologic investigations so it is important that novel human-infecting species are characterized taxonomically and assigned a unique scientific name compliant with the ICZN code.

Multiscale spatiotemporal variability of fecal indicator bacteria and associated particle size distributions in the sandy bottom sediments of a Pennsylvania creek.

Concentrations of the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) Escherichia coli and enterococci are used to assess microbial impairment in irrigation and recreation water sources. Although the FIB concentrations' variability at large temporal scales, such as seasons, and large spatial scales encompassing different land use has been studied, the knowledge about smaller scale variability remains sparse. This work aimed to research the small-scale variability of E.

Vancomycin modestly attenuates symptom severity during onset of and recovery from exertional heat stroke in mice.

Increased intestinal permeability during exertion and subsequent leakage of bacteria into circulation is hypothesized to accelerate exertional heat stroke (EHS) onset and/or exacerbate EHS severity. To provide proof of concept for this theory, we targeted intestinal microbiota via antibiotic prophylaxis and determined whether vancomycin would delay EHS onset and/or mitigate EHS severity and mortality rates using a mouse model of EHS. Mice were ) designated as EHS or Exercise Control (ExC) and ) given 7 days of vancomycin (VEHS, VExC) or untreated water (EHS, ExC) before EHS/Exercise.

An improved framework for detecting discrete epidemiologically meaningful partitions in hierarchically clustered genetic data.

Motivation: Hierarchical clustering of microbial genotypes has the limitation that hierarchical clusters are nested, where smaller groups of related isolates exist within larger groups that get progressively larger as relationships become increasingly distant. In an epidemiologic context, investigators must dissect hierarchical trees into discrete groupings that are epidemiologically meaningful. We recently described a statistical framework (Method A) for dissecting hierarchical trees that attempts to minimize investigator bias.

Risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects in relation to trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposures: expanding disinfection byproduct mixtures analyses using relative potency factors.

Background: Some disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are teratogens based on toxicological evidence. Conventional use of predominant DBPs as proxies for complex mixtures may result in decreased ability to detect associations in epidemiological studies.

Objective: We assessed risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects (OGDs) in relation to 12 DBP mixtures and 13 individual component DBPs.

Using Health Education to Address Student Physical Activity and Nutrition: Evidence and Implications to Advance Practice.

Background: School-based health education can provide students with learning experiences that improve knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) and behaviors regarding physical activity and nutrition.

Methods: We conducted a 2-phase systematic review. Phase 1 was a review of reviews (ie, systematic reviews or meta-analyses) that were published 2010-2018.

Precision recruitment for high-risk participants in a COVID-19 cohort study.

Background: Studies for developing diagnostics and treatments for infectious diseases usually require observing the onset of infection during the study period. However, when the infection base rate incidence is low, the cohort size required to measure an effect becomes large, and recruitment becomes costly and prolonged. We developed a model for reducing recruiting time and resources in a COVID-19 detection study by targeting recruitment to high-risk individuals.