Have we reached a new baseline for blood collection and transfusion in the United States? National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey, 2023.

Background: Data from the National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey (NBCUS) suggest a stabilization in blood collections and transfusions following years of decline. Data from the 2023 NBCUS were analyzed to further understand national trends in US blood availability.

Study Design And Methods: In February 2024, all community-based (53) and hospital-based (104) blood collection centers, and a sample of transfusing hospitals were surveyed.

Physiological monitoring for occupational heat stress management: recent advancements and remaining challenges.

Occupational heat stress poses a major threat to worker health and safety that is projected to worsen with global climate warming. To manage these adverse effects, most industries rely on administrative controls (stay times and work-to-rest allocations) that are designed to limit the rise in body core temperature in the 'average' individual. However, due to the extensive inter- and intra-individual variation in thermoregulatory function, these administrative controls will result in some individuals having their work rate and productivity unnecessarily restricted (false positives), while others may be subject to rises in heat strain that compromise health (false negatives).

Variation in U.S. county-level cardiovascular disease death rates by measure of rural-urban status.

This study examined variation in county-level cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates among adults aged 35-64 years using four measures of rural-urban status: Urban Influence Codes, Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC), National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification Scheme, and Core-Based Statistical Areas. We estimated 2021 CVD death rates and used Poisson regression models to calculate rate ratios (RR) for full and dichotomized rural-urban measures. All measures identified the largest RR in the middle of the rural-urban spectrum.

Associations between disability status and stressors experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic among women with a recent live birth, 2020.

Background: Women with disability face more stressors around the time of pregnancy than women without disability. Limited research exists on stressors experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant and postpartum women with and without disability.

Objective: Examine the association between disability status and experiencing certain COVID-19 stressors among women with a recent live birth.

Comparing computational times for simulations when using PBPK model template and stand-alone implementations of PBPK models.

Introduction: We previously developed a PBPK model template that consists of a single model "superstructure" with equations and logic found in many physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. Using the template, one can implement PBPK models with different combinations of structures and features.

Methods: To identify factors that influence computational time required for PBPK model simulations, we conducted timing experiments using various implementations of PBPK models for dichloromethane and chloroform, including template and stand-alone implementations, and simulating four different exposure scenarios.

HIV Clusters Reported by State and Local Health Departments in the United States, 2020-2022.

Background: Clusters of rapid HIV transmission indicate larger underlying networks that are not effectively reached by HIV prevention, testing, and care services. Starting in 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 59 U.S.

Direct measurement of fluorocarbon radicals in the thermal destruction of perfluorohexanoic acid using photoionization mass spectrometry.

Thermal destruction is a critical cornerstone of addressing the rampant contamination of natural resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, grave concerns associated with stack emissions from incineration exist because mechanistic studies have thus far relied on ex situ analyses of end products and theoretical calculations. Here, we used synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry to study the pyrolysis of a representative PFAS-perfluorohexanoic acid-and provide direct evidence of fluorocarbon radicals and intermediates.

Prophylactic caffeine mitigates systemic hypercapnia and headache during graded carbon dioxide exposure in healthy males and females: a randomized crossover trial.

Exposure to elevated inspired carbon dioxide (CO) levels, an environmental threat in several occupational settings, is known to induce systemic hypercapnia and provoke headache. However, the impact of CO exposure dose on headache severity has not been determined, and countermeasures to mitigate systemic hypercapnia and headache during CO exposure are lacking. In this study, we first characterized respiratory responses and headache with graded CO exposure (sequential 12-minute stages of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% inspired CO, all with 21% oxygen) during seated rest in 24 healthy males and females.

Valuation of Forested River Riparian Buffers: Support for Riverine Integrity and Climate Resilience.

This study investigates the connection between river riparian buffers and property values. The buffers protect the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and support resilience to rising temperatures and severe storms due to climate change. A hedonic study using 18,782 property sales was conducted to estimate the value of riverfront land and forested riparian buffers along the New and Watauga Rivers in North Carolina.

Profiling assay performance in the DevTox germ layer reporter platform.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.

Science behind policy: implementing a modern circumference-based body fat equation with a physical fitness threshold is associated with lower musculoskeletal injury risk.

Background: Body composition influences physical fitness (PF) and risk of musculoskeletal injury (MSKI). Assessing the relationship between body fat (BF), PF and MSKI risk in a large diverse military population may provide evidence basis informing health-care policies, practices, and programs for military and civilian populations.

Objective: Evaluate the validity of expedient methods to estimate BF (e.

Examining environmental matrix effects on quantitative non-targeted analysis estimates of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Non-targeted analysis (NTA) is commonly used for the detection and identification of emerging pollutants, including many per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). While NTA outputs are often non-quantitative, concentration estimation is now possible using quantitative non-targeted analysis (qNTA) approaches. To date, few studies have examined matrix effects on qNTA performance, and little is therefore known about the implications of matrix effects on qNTA results and interpretations.

Exploiting Trap Type and Color for Monitoring Macadamia Felted Coccid (Williams) and Associated Parasitic Wasps in Macadamia Orchards in Hawai'i.

(Williams) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) is an invasive pest of macadamia, , in Hawai'i, causing death to macadamia trees and decreased nut productivity. Monitoring relies on wrapping double-sided sticky tapes over tree branches to trap dispersing crawlers (i.e.

Special Report from the CDC: Driving under the influence of alcohol, marijuana, or other illicit drugs among drivers aged ≥16 years - National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2016-2019.

Introduction: This study describes the prevalence of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA), marijuana (DUIM), or other illicit drugs (DUID) in the United States over time.

Method: This study analyzed data from 2016-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public-use files. The study sample was limited to drivers aged ≥16 years.

Hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A: tetrahydroxyhexanedioate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHHT) from L.: phylogeny, expression pattern, kinetic parameters, and active site analysis.

BAHD acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) transferases comprise a large family of enzymes in plants which transfer an acyl group from a CoA thioester to hydroxyl or amine groups to form esters or amides, respectively. Clade Vb of this family primarily utilizes hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA as the acyl donor. These enzymes are involved in biosynthesis of diverse specialized metabolites with functions such as structure (.

Clinical diagnosis groups developed to bridge the ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM coding transition and monitor trends in workers' compensation claims - Ohio, 2011-2018.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a set of broad clinical diagnosis (ClinDx) groups relevant to occupational safety and health. The ClinDx groups are necessary for analysis and interpretation of longitudinal health data that include injury and disease codes from the Ninth and Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM, ICD-10-CM).

Methods: Claims data were analyzed for Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation insured employers from 2011 to 2018.

Caregiver beliefs about older adult falls from a nationally representative U.S. sample 2022.

Introduction: Falls represent a prevalent cause of injury, disability, and mortality in the United States among older adults (ages 65+). Falls are not an inherent part of aging and adopting evidence-based fall prevention strategies can reduce fall risk. Caregivers are well-positioned to increase awareness and uptake of fall prevention strategies among older adults but may not be aware of all effective strategies.

Algaecidal effects of tryptoline, tryptamine, and other microbial metabolites on target and non-target freshwater cyanobacteria and freshwater indicator organisms.

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are a growing global concern due to their negative impacts on freshwater lakes and river ecosystems. HABs impact local and regional economies by restricting fisheries resources, recreational and commercial waterways, and threatening drinking water sources. To control HABs, researchers are developing short- and long-term mitigation strategies by exploiting natural, bacterial-derived products as targeted chemical control reagents to reduce the severity of HABs.

Serum concentrations of persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals in U.S. military personnel: A comparison by race/ethnicity and sex.

Objectives/background: We evaluated patterns of serum concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in a U.S. military sample by race/ethnicity (R/E) and sex.

Smaller Width Quadriceps Tendon Grafts Maintain Advantageous Biomechanical Properties for ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Despite clinical evidence of risks in knee arthrofibrosis and graft impingement with larger grafts, the optimal size for quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has not been established.

Purpose/hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of full-thickness 6-mm and 8-mm wide QT grafts compared with 10-mm patellar tendon (PT) and 10-mm QT grafts. The hypothesis was that both the 6- and 8-mm QT grafts would exhibit similar or superior ultimate tensile strength compared with the 10-mm PT graft.

Heating Differentiates Pecan Allergen Stability: Car i 4 Is More Heat Labile Than Car i 1 and Car i 2.

Pecans are a staple in American cuisine and may be eaten raw but are often roasted or baked. Heating can alter pecan protein content and pecan allergen solubility. Three seed storage proteins (Car i 1, Car i 2, and Car i 4) commonly act as allergens and are recognized by IgE from pecan allergic individuals.

Analysis of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) and White Bass (M. chrysops) Splenic Transcriptome Following Streptococcus iniae Infection.

Streptococcal disease results in major mortality events of both marine and freshwater fishes worldwide. Streptococcus iniae is among the prominent causative bacterial strains as it has been found to cause a higher incidence of mortality and act as a zoonotic pathogen. Here, we examine the susceptibility of two important aquaculture species in the USA, striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and white bass (Morone chrysops) to S.

Application of transcriptomics concentration-response modeling for prioritization of contaminants detected in tributaries of the North American Great Lakes.

As part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, chemical monitoring and surveillance efforts have detected ∼330 chemicals in surface water of Great Lakes tributaries. There were 140 chemicals for which no empirical toxicity data were available. The aim of the present study was to generate transcriptomic points of departure (tPODs) for 10 of these compounds and demonstrate how they could be applied in a screening-level prioritization.

Hair root sonication washing impact on nuclei counts.

In a previous study, hair samples were washed by sonication in Terg-a-zyme™ (Alconox, White Plaines, NY, USA) as part of the DNA extraction protocol. The sonication wash step was deemed necessary in the previous study because the DNA extracts could be used for both mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear(nu) DNA analyses. In the current study, the impact of the sonication wash on the persistence of nuclei was assessed.