Application of core functions and forms in complex health intervention research: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The ability of healthcare, community and public health systems to effectively implement and disseminate research innovations depends on contextual factors at multiple interconnected levels of influence (eg, the innovation, individual, provider/implementor, organisation and health system). Recently, there has been an increase in the development of complex interventions designed to target multiple levels, designed for or adapted to the context in which they are delivered. Two concepts from complex systems thinking have been increasingly used to operationalise such interventions-core functions (theory and evidence-driven purposes of interventions) and forms (adaptable activities that perform each core function).

Tapinarof Improved Outcomes and Sleep for Patients and Families in Two Phase 3 Atopic Dermatitis Trials in Adults and Children.

Introduction: Tapinarof is a topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist in development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). In two phase 3 trials (ADORING 1 and 2), tapinarof cream 1% once daily (QD) demonstrated significant efficacy and was well tolerated in patients down to age 2 years with AD. Here, we evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including family impact, with tapinarof in ADORING 1 and 2.

Digital measurement of ocular microtremor in Parkinson's disease: Protocol for a pilot study to assess reliability and clinical validation.

Ocular microtremor (OMT) is a fixational eye movement that cannot be seen with the naked eye but is always present, even when the eye appears motionless/still. The link between OMT and brain function provides a strong rationale for investigation as there lies potential for its use as a biomarker in populations with neurological impairments. OMT frequency is typically 70-80Hz in healthy adults and research suggests that this will be reduced in those with neurological disease such as Parkinson's Disease (PD).

Student and Physician Views of How the Dobbs Decision Affects Training and Practice Location Preferences: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: By allowing for abortion bans and restrictions to take effect in the majority of US states, the 2022 Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization decision portends to have lasting impacts on patient care and the physician workforce. Notably, it is already beginning to impact practice location preferences of US health care workers, evidenced by declining application rates to residency programs in abortion-restrictive states since 2022. Yet, there remains a gap in the literature regarding why this trend exists.

Sequence Analysis of microRNAs Encoded by Simian Lymphocryptoviruses.

Lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) are ubiquitous gamma-herpesviruses that establish life-long infections in both humans and non-human primates (NHPs). In immunocompromised hosts, LCV infections are commonly associated with B cell disorders and malignancies such as lymphoma. In this study, we evaluated simian LCV-encoded small microRNAs (miRNAs) present in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from a Mauritian cynomolgus macaque () with cyLCV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) as well as the viral miRNAs expressed in a baboon () LCL that harbors CeHV12.

Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents and Occurrence/Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Does It Still Matter?

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Traditionally, the primary prevention strategy for HCV-associated HCC has focused on removing infection through antiviral regimes. Currently, highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) offer extraordinary success across all patient categories, including cirrhotics.

A Case Series Report on the Effect of Tofacitinib on Joint Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Composition in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Naive to Biologic Agents.

Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex condition within the Spondyloarthritis (SpA) group. Recent studies have focused on the important role of the intestinal microbiota in maintaining immunological homeostasis, highlighting how intestinal dysbiosis may act as a trigger for autoimmune diseases. Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAK-i) with proven efficacy for the treatment of both rheumatoid arthritis and PsA.

Recurrent activity propagates through labile ensembles in macaque dorsolateral prefrontal microcircuits.

Human and non-human primate studies clearly implicate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as critical for advanced cognitive functions. It is thought that intracortical synaptic architectures within the dlPFC are the integral neurobiological substrate that gives rise to these processes. In the prevailing model, each cortical column makes up one fundamental processing unit composed of dense intrinsic connectivity, conceptualized as the "canonical" cortical microcircuit.

A Comparison of Decompression Size and Craniectomy Speed of Reverse Question Mark Versus Retroauricular Incisions for Decompressive Hemicraniectomy: A Cadaver Study.

Background And Objectives: Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a common emergent surgery for patients with stroke, hemorrhage, or trauma. The typical incision is a reverse question mark (RQM); however, a retroauricular (RA) incision has been proposed as an alternative. The widespread adoption ofthe RA incision has been slowed by lack of familiarity and concerns over decompression efficacy.

Traumatic Cystic Artery Pseudoaneurysm After Transjugular Liver Biopsy: A Case Report.

Cystic artery pseudoaneurysms are a rare but life-threatening entity that commonly occurs as a sequela to acute cholecystitis. We present a case of a 52-year-old male with a past medical history of decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis who underwent a transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) after correction of his baseline coagulopathy. On post-operative day one, the patient had significant blood loss with an inappropriate response to blood transfusions and without an identifiable source of bleeding.

Propensity Score Analysis of Possible Medication Effects on Outcomes in Patients With Systemic Right Ventricles.

Background: Patients with systemic right ventricle (SRV), either d-transposition of the great arteries following an atrial switch procedure or congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, develop severe right ventricular dysfunction, prompting appropriate medical therapy. However, the efficacy of beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in SRV patients is unproven.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ACEI/ARB and beta-blockers on outcomes in SRV patients after accounting for likely cofounders affecting their use.

Vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor versus elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor in individuals with cystic fibrosis aged 12 years and older (SKYLINE Trials VX20-121-102 and VX20-121-103): results from two randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 trials.

Background: The goal of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators is to reach normal CFTR function in people with cystic fibrosis. Vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor restored CFTR function in vitro and in phase 2 trials in participants aged 18 years and older resulting in improvements in CFTR function, as measured by sweat chloride concentrations and lung function as measured by spirometry. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor compared with standard of care elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor in individuals with cystic fibrosis aged 12 years and older.

Cyclin E1/CDK2 activation defines a key vulnerability to WEE1 kinase inhibition in gynecological cancers.

Upregulation of Cyclin E1 and subsequent activation of CDK2 accelerates cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase and is a common oncogenic driver in gynecological malignancies. WEE1 kinase counteracts the effects of Cyclin E1/CDK2 activation by regulating multiple cell cycle checkpoints. Here we characterized the relationship between Cyclin E1/CDK2 activation and sensitivity to the selective WEE1 inhibitor azenosertib.

Classification of non-TCGA cancer samples to TCGA molecular subtypes using compact feature sets.

Molecular subtypes, such as defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), delineate a cancer's underlying biology, bringing hope to inform a patient's prognosis and treatment plan. However, most approaches used in the discovery of subtypes are not suitable for assigning subtype labels to new cancer specimens from other studies or clinical trials. Here, we address this barrier by applying five different machine learning approaches to multi-omic data from 8,791 TCGA tumor samples comprising 106 subtypes from 26 different cancer cohorts to build models based upon small numbers of features that can classify new samples into previously defined TCGA molecular subtypes-a step toward molecular subtype application in the clinic.

Alternate definitions of adverse pathology to predict a very high risk of metastasis in men with intermediate- and low-risk prostate cancer.

Background: Adverse pathology (AP) is often used as an intermediate end point for long-term outcomes in men with prostate cancer (PCa) who are active surveillance candidates. The association between a commonly used AP definition and long-term outcomes was tested, which identified definitions more strongly linked to a high risk of metastasis.

Methods: Data were reviewed from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) from 1988 to 2020 at nine Veterans Affairs hospitals.

Health checks for autistic adults: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Autistic people commonly have physical and mental health conditions. They also frequently experience barriers to accessing healthcare, contributing to problems identifying and treating health conditions. These factors may lead to increased and earlier morbidity and lower average life expectancy for autistic people.

Navigating life after New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) and Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Insights from caregiver and patient interviews.

Objective: To describe the lived experience of patients with NORSE and explore quality of life (QOL) for patients and their caregivers.

Background: NORSE is a rare condition characterized by refractory status epilepticus, often of unknown cause, in a previously neurologically healthy individual. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a subset of NORSE.

Type 2 biomarkers in olfactory cleft mucus correlate with SNOT-22 in chronic rhinosinusitis independent of nasal polyp status.

Background: Quantitative mucus cytokine analysis to examine the sinonasal microenvironment may bridge the gap between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and empirical measures of inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Objective: Investigate the correlation between mucus cytokine levels and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores, including individual subdomains.

Methods: Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited between 2016 and 2021 into a multi-institutional observational study.

Education moderates the association between motor involvement and executive status in ALS.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether educational attainment-a common proxy of cognitive reserve (CR)-influences the association between motor and cognitive/behavioural outcomes in a large cohort of ALS patients without dementia.

Methods: N = 726 ALS patients without FTD were assessed for motor (ALSFRS-R), cognitive (Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen, ECAS) and behavioural outcomes (ECAS-Carer Interview, ECAS-CI). CR was operationalized via educational attainment (in years).