Intraventricular baclofen for the treatment of pediatric spasticity in cerebral palsy: technique and outcomes.

Objective: Intraventricular baclofen (IVB) administration is used for the treatment of secondary dystonia associated with cerebral palsy (CP), but it has not been reported as a first-line infusion technique for spasticity. In this study, the authors report outcomes of patients with mixed or isolated spasticity treated with IVB administration.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of consecutive patients treated with IVB between 2019 and 2023.

Noninvertible Symmetry-Resolved Affleck-Ludwig-Cardy Formula and Entanglement Entropy from the Boundary Tube Algebra.

We derive a refined version of the Affleck-Ludwig-Cardy formula for a 1+1D conformal field theory, which controls the asymptotic density of high energy states on an interval transforming under a given representation of a noninvertible global symmetry. We use this to determine the universal leading and subleading contributions to the noninvertible symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy of a single interval. As a concrete example, we show that the ground state entanglement Hamiltonian for a single interval in the critical double Ising model enjoys a Kac-Paljutkin H_{8} Hopf algebra symmetry when the boundary conditions at the entangling points are chosen to preserve the product of two Kramers-Wannier symmetries, and we present the corresponding symmetry-resolved entanglement entropies.

Antihypertensive effects of rice peptides involve intestinal microbiome alterations and intestinal inflammation alleviation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Gut dysbiosis serves as an underlying risk factor for the development of hypertension. The resolution of this dysbiosis has emerged as a promising strategy in improving hypertension. Food-derived bioactive protein peptides have become increasingly more attractive in ameliorating hypertension, primarily due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.

Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry: A General Strategy for Tuning the Properties of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Vinylene-linked Covalent Organic Frameworks (V-2D-COFs) are a class of promising porous organic materials that feature fully π-conjugated structures, high crystallinity, ultrahigh chemical stability, and extraordinary optoelectronic properties. However, the types of reactions and the availability of monomers for synthesizing linked COFs are considerably limited by the irreversibility of the C═C bond, and the complete π-conjugated structure restricts their in-depth research in hydrophilicity, membrane materials, and proton conductivity. Postsynthetic modification (PSM), which can avoid these problems by incorporating functional moieties into the predetermined framework, provides an alternative way to construct diverse V-2D-COFs.

[Congenital neutropenia and acute graft-versus-host disease in an infant. A case report].

Background: Congenital neutropenia is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by quantitative anomalies in neutrophil counts. It is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation stands as a potential therapeutic intervention; nevertheless, graft-versus-host disease emerges as a main complication.

[DiGeorge syndrome with 22q11.2 deletion in a patient of Rarámuri ethnicity].

Background: 22q11 deletion syndrome consists of a variable grouping of phenotypic features and immunological defects secondary to the loss of genetic material located in the 22q11.2 band. The 22q11 deletion spectrum encompasses different syndromes related to the same etiology and with overlapping anomalies, including DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, among others.

Pseudomonas syringae lytic transglycosylase HrpH interacts with host ubiquitin ligase ATL2 to modulate plant immunity.

Pseudomonas syringae deploys a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins to facilitate infection of plant cells; however, little is known about the direct interactions between T3SS components and plants. Here, we show that the specialized lytic transglycosylase (SLT) domain of P. syringae pv.

Maternal phthalates exposure promotes neural stem cell differentiation into phagocytic astrocytes and synapse engulfment via IRE1α/XBP1s pathway.

Humans are widely exposed to phthalates, a common chemical plasticizer. Previous cohort studies have revealed that maternal exposure to monobutyl phthalate (MBP), a key metabolite of phthalates, is associated with neurodevelopmental defects. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Effect of coping interventions on performance of medical students during objective structured clinical examination: A randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a stressful exam assessing medical competencies. Stress coping strategies are expected to enhance students' performance during OSCE. The objective was to determine the effect of short preventive coping interventions on performance of medical students.

R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors Involved in Flower Petal Pigmentation via Regulating Anthocyanin Synthesis in Rhododendron simsii.

Azaleas (Rhododendron simsii) are popular ornamental woody plants known for their bright colors; however, very limited studies have been reported on the process of flower petal pigmentation. In this study, we found significant differences in the anthocyanin contents of petals from different colored azaleas, and the results of quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the R2R3 MYB genes, RsMYB12, RsMYB90, and RsMYB123, showed significant expression changes during the petal coloration in azalea petals; therefore, we hypothesized that RsMYB12, RsMYB90, and RsMYB123 might involve in the coloring process of azalea petals by regulating anthocyanin synthesis. This work provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of petal pigmentation in R.

Analysis of the hemivertebra resection strategy in adolescent and young adult congenital scoliosis caused by double hemivertebrae.

Purpose: This study is to conduct a retrospective review of the selective resection strategies, their immediate efficacy and prognosis, using double hemivertebrae (DHV) as illustrative cases.

Methods: A total of 59 adolescent and young adult patients with DHV were enrolled from 2009 to 2021. They were categorized into sagittal kyphosis group (SKG), coronal takeoff group (CTG) and balanced group (BG).

Clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of pembrolizumab -induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis.

The understanding of pembrolizumab-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) /toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) primarily derives from case reports, leaving specific clinical features largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics associated with pembrolizumab-induced SJS/TEN and to encourage the judicious use of pembrolizumab. Retrieve reports on pembrolizumab induced SJS/TEN before September 30, 2024 for retrospective analysis.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Allergic Rhinitis.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) can have serious consequences as it hinders individuals from detecting important warning signals like smoke, spoiled food, and gas leaks. This can significantly impact their nutritional status, eating satisfaction, and overall quality of life. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease that greatly affects the quality of life and can lead to a decrease, distortion, or complete loss of olfactory ability.

PKR Inhibitor C16 Regulates HIV-gp120 Induced Neuronal Injury and Cognitive Impairment in Vivo and in Vitro Models.

To study the neuronal protective effect and its potential mechanism of C16 against gp120-induced cognitive impairment in vitro and in vivo. The NORT method was used to evaluate the short-term memory abilities of rats, the morphological changes in hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining. Cell viability and damage degree were detected by MTT and LDH.

Global, regional, and national trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2021: a trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses an escalating public health challenge among adolescents and young adults worldwide. Despite the rising incidence, comprehensive data on the burden and trends of T2DM in this demographic remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the burden of T2DM among individuals aged 10-24 years globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.

Digital competency among pediatric healthcare workers and students: a questionnaire survey.

Background: Digital technologies play an important role in improving the quality of healthcare services, however, many healthcare workers and students do not recognize this and have low levels of digital competencies and skills. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate digital perceptions and competencies among medical students in pediatrics and pediatric healthcare workers in China.

Methods: A questionnaire on digital competency was designed.

Sex Differences in the Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Arrest/Death in Competitive Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Although many studies have demonstrated a lower incidence of sudden cardiac arrest or death (SCA/D) in female athletes than in male, there is limited understanding of the specific underlying causes.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the disparities in SCA/D incidence between male and female competitive athletes and explore the associated etiologies.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted for retrospective and prospective studies examining SCA/D incidence in male and female athletes.

IL-6 Promotes Muscle Atrophy by Increasing Ubiquitin-Proteasome Degradation of Muscle Regeneration Factors After Cerebral Infarction in Rats.

Muscle atrophy in pathological or diseased muscles arises from an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are a hallmark of ischemic stroke and have been associated with muscle atrophy in certain pathological contexts. However, the mechanisms by which IL-6 induces muscle atrophy in the context of stroke remain unclear.

Prediction models for sarcopenia risk in dialysis patients: a systematic review and critical appraisal.

Background: Many studies have developed or validated predictive models to estimate the risk of sarcopenia in dialysis patients, but the quality of model development and the applicability of the models remain unclear.

Objective: To systematically review and critically evaluate currently available predictive models for sarcopenia in dialysis patients.

Methods: We systematically searched five databases until March 2024.