7,371 results match your criteria: "OHIO University[Affiliation]"

The Memory Book approach to dementia care effectively fosters daily communication with individuals with dementia. With technological advancements, the traditional memory book intervention has evolved into digital forms. However, it remains unclear whether family caregivers (FCGs) perceive this transition as beneficial or not, especially when their loved ones with dementia demonstrate communicative deficits.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Brain Age Gap is related to dementia in older adults, but its link to dementia risk-factors and cognitive performance in middle-aged individuals is less explored.
  • - A study involving 552 cognitively healthy middle-aged participants showed that brain age gap correlates with factors like hypertension and alcohol intake, but not with genetic risk factors (like the APOE ε4 allele) or cognitive performance.
  • - Findings suggest that addressing modifiable risk factors may help in developing therapies to prevent dementia in middle-aged populations.
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Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential inorganic signaling molecule produced by constitutive NO synthase (cNOS) in the neurological system. Under pathological conditions, NO rapidly reacts with superoxide (O) to generate peroxynitrite (ONOO). Elevated ONOO concentrations induce nitroxidative stress, potentially contributing to numerous pathological processes as observed in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

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The use of nicotinamide cofactors in cell-free biocatalytic systems is necessitated by the high specificity that these enzymes show for their natural redox mediators. Unfortunately, isolation and use of natural cofactors is costly, which suggests that enhancing their stability is key to enabling their use in industrial processes. This study details NAD and NADH stability in three buffer systems (sodium phosphate, HEPES, and Tris) at 19 °C and 25 °C and for up to 43 d.

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Sleep Architecture Changes in Diabetes.

J Clin Med

November 2024

Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Evidence suggests slow-wave sleep (SWS) is essential for maintaining glucose levels and insulin secretion, with diabetes often linked to decreased SWS.
  • Selectively reducing SWS, without affecting total sleep time, can significantly worsen insulin resistance and increase diabetes risk.
  • The review highlights the need to understand sleep patterns in individuals with diabetes to explore non-drug interventions that could improve glycemic control.
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A routine within a routine: Can bedtime yoga improve sleep for the whole family?

J Bodyw Mov Ther

October 2024

Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Institute to Advance Health Equity Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. Electronic address:

Unlabelled: Parents often point to bedtime as a source of frustration, yet early bedtimes and sufficient sleep are important for children's development, learning, and behavior.

Objectives: This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a yoga-based bedtime routine in a sample of parent-child dyads from a rural community.

Methods: Using a waitlist control study design, children aged 2-5 years and their parent were randomized to either intervention (yoga) or control (bedtime story) groups.

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  • Preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) are significant health issues in the U.S., emphasizing the need for better prenatal care assessments, leading to the development of the Comprehensive Prenatal Care Index (CPCI).
  • This study analyzed data from over 139,000 pregnant women using the CPCI and found it to be a reliable measure of prenatal care quality, associating higher CPCI scores with reduced risks of adverse birth outcomes like preterm birth and SGA.
  • Results indicate that comprehensive prenatal care, as evaluated by the CPCI, is particularly effective in lowering risks for non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, and Asian women, highlighting its potential to address disparities in maternal health across racial and ethnic groups.
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Introduction: The importance of nurturing care for child development is well-established, and parents play a central role in providing this care. However, cultural values and traditions can influence child-rearing practices, and there are gaps in child welfare in Ecuador. Two research questions delve into caregivers' definitions of nurturing care for children aged 0-5 and its alignment with World Health Organization's concept.

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Cumulative research finds that exposure to childhood trauma, sleep dysfunction, and high stress levels are prevalent in youth diagnosed with and at-risk for psychotic disorders. However, few studies have investigated the association between nightly sleep and moment-to-moment stress in youth who are at familial high-risk (FHR) for psychotic disorders with varying levels of exposure to childhood trauma. The current study examined the day-to-day associations between trauma severity, nightly sleep duration, and next-day momentary stress in 19 FHR and 19 non-psychiatric youth (ages 13-19 years, 66 % girls).

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The Neuroplastic Outcomes from Impaired Sensory Expectations (NOISE) hypothesis: How ACL dysfunction impacts sensory perception and knee stability.

Musculoskelet Sci Pract

February 2025

Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is integral to maintaining knee joint stability but is susceptible to rupture during physical activity. Despite surgical restoration of passive or mechanical stability, patients struggle to regain strength and prior level of function. Recent efforts have focused on understanding how ACL-related changes in the nervous system contribute to deficits in sensorimotor control following injury and reconstruction.

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a radio campaign involving serial 10-minute drama episodes, 10-minute on air discussion of each episode by trained community health workers and 30-minute phone-ins from listeners in improving mothers' nutrition- and health-related attitudes (HNRAs) and children's minimum acceptable diet (MAD).

Design: A two-arm quasi-experimental trial with a pre-post design was used to quantify the effect of a radio campaign on nutrition before and immediately after the 6-month intervention. Difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was performed to assess the intervention's effect.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study examines the effects of anisotropy on a system of three qubits using the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg XXX model in a magnetic field, focusing on Stirling and Otto cycles.
  • Results show that easy-axis anisotropy boosts engine efficiency, with the ring topology outperforming the chain at low temperatures in the Stirling cycle.
  • The Stirling cycle achieves Carnot efficiency with useful work at quantum critical points, while the quasistatic Otto cycle reaches Carnot efficiency but doesn't produce useful work, and the Stirling cycle operates across various thermal regimes compared to the Otto cycle.
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Dimensional analysis of diffusive association rate equations.

AIP Adv

November 2024

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

Diffusive adsorption/association is a fundamental step in almost all chemical reactions in diluted solutions, such as organic synthesis, polymerization, self-assembly, biomolecular interactions, electrode dynamics, catalysis, chromatography, air and water environmental dynamics, and social and market dynamics. However, predicting the rate of such a reaction is challenging using the equations established over 100 years ago. Several orders of magnitude differences between the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements for various systems, from self-assembled monolayers to protein-protein aggregations, make such calculations meaningless in many situations.

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FlexPoints: Efficient electrocardiogram signal compression for machine learning.

J Electrocardiol

January 2025

Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

The electrocardiogram (ECG) stands out as one of the most frequently used medical tests, playing a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients. While ECG devices generate a huge amount of data, only a fraction of it holds valuable medical information. To deal with this problem, many compression algorithms and filters have been developed over the years.

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Ecological character displacement, whereby shifts in resource use in the presence of competing species leads to adaptive evolutionary divergence, is widely considered an important process in community assembly and adaptive radiation. However, most evidence for character displacement has been inferred from macro-scale geographic or phylogenetic patterns; direct tests of the underlying hypothesis of divergent natural selection driving character displacement in the wild are rare. Here, we document character displacement between two ecologically similar lizards (Anolis sagrei and A.

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  • - This study analyzes generational shifts in disease incidence and mortality among older adults in England, similar to previous findings in the U.S., using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).
  • - Researchers found that diseases like memory complaints, heart conditions, and cancer have higher incidence rates in later-born cohorts, paralleling trends observed in the U.S., but with more negative outcomes in England.
  • - While some diseases showed no significant difference between men and women, when differences were present, women generally exhibited lower risks. The findings suggest a potential increase in disease burden for future generations.
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Attenuation of high-fat diet-induced weight gain by apolipoprotein A4.

Obesity (Silver Spring)

December 2024

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.

Objective: Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is synthesized by the small intestine in response to dietary lipids. Chronic exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) desensitizes lipid-induced APOA4 production and attenuates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. We hypothesized that exogenous APOA4 could increase BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure in HFD-fed mice, resulting in decreased obesity and improved glucose tolerance.

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Background: Central Asia is known to face various ecological challenges that constitutes major risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examines the burden of PD in Central Asia, a region where data on neurological disorders is notably sparse.

Methods: Building on the latest Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2021), this study investigates the Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with PD in Central Asia and its countries from 1990 to 2021.

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The impact of inactivation of the GH/IGF axis during aging on healthspan.

Geroscience

November 2024

David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24Th Street, New York, NY, 10010-4086, USA.

Several mouse lines with congenital growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis disruption have shown improved health and extended lifespan. The current study investigated how inactivating this axis, specifically during aging, impacts the healthspan. We used a tamoxifen-inducible global GH receptor (GHR) knockout mouse model starting at 12 months and followed the mice until 24 months of age (iGHRKO mice).

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Objectives: Although anxiety and depression decrease across the lifespan, age-related anxieties increase in older adults, particularly worries about experiencing cognitive decline or dementia. Dementia Worry (DW) is characterized by ruminative concerns about developing or experiencing symptoms of dementia. DW is related to negative mental health outcomes in older adults and increases as a function of exposure to dementia in others.

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Article Synopsis
  • The paper explores how acupuncture may help manage diabetes mellitus (DM) by examining its effects at the molecular biological level, focusing on restoring balance in the body.
  • It identifies key mechanisms through which acupuncture operates, including regulating insulin signaling, modulating inflammation, protecting pancreatic β-cells, and influencing fat metabolism and energy balance.
  • The author notes a gap in research, particularly in type 1 DM and comprehensive studies, and emphasizes the need for further investigation into the complex molecular mechanisms involved in acupuncture's effects on diabetes.
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