Association of non-English as primary language on clinical outcomes for arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system.

Approximately 22 ​% of the United States population communicates in a non-English language, potentially impacting healthcare communication and outcomes. Few studies have examined the association between non-English primary language (NEPL) and surgical outcomes and none to our knowledge in patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis on adults who underwent AVF creation for hemodialysis access between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019.

Speech Kinematics and Perioral Muscle Activity Are Influenced by Stroop Effects.

Purpose: The current project aimed to examine the effects of two experimental cognitive-linguistic paradigms, the Stroop task and a primed Stroop task, on speech kinematics and perioral muscle activation.

Method: Acoustic, kinematic, and surface electromyographic data were collected from the verbal responses of 30 young adult healthy control participants in choice response, classic Stroop, and primed Stroop tasks. The classic and primed Stroop tasks included congruent and incongruent trials.

Precision Medicine Proof-of-Concept Study of a TNF Inhibitor in FSGS and Treatment-Resistant Minimal Change Disease.

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and treatment-resistant minimal change disease (TR-MCD) are heterogeneous disorders with subgroups defined by distinct underlying mechanisms of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. A non-invasive urinary biomarker profile has been generated to identify patients with intra-kidney tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-activation and to predict response to anti-TNF treatment. We conducted this proof-of-concept, multi-center, open-label clinical trial to test the hypothesis that in patients with FSGS or TR-MCD and evidence of intra-renal TNF activation based on their biomarker profile, short-term treatment with adalimumab would reverse the elevated urinary excretion of MCP-1 and TIMP-1.

Surgical Fixation of Flail Chest Injuries: Reduction and Fixation Options, Tips and Tricks.

Modern techniques of rib fracture fixation surgery follow the AO principles of fracture reduction, fixation, and appropriate soft tissue handling. Fixation techniques can be performed using anatomic reduction and rigid fixation, or bridge plate fixation for comminuted fractures. Anatomic and nonanatomic plates can be used, although titanium precontoured locking plates are the most commonly used.

Injury Patterns and Surgical Approaches.

Effective management of bony and cartilaginous thoracic injury is a vital part of the care of the polytraumatized patient. Commonly because of high-energy accidents including motor vehicle collisions and falls, these patients routinely require multidisciplinary care and surgical intervention. As our understanding of unstable chest wall injuries and pulmonary sequelae of the injury grows, it is imperative that injury patterns and surgical approaches become familiar to the orthopaedic trauma-trained surgeon.

Anatomy of the Ribs, Sternum, and Costal Margin.

The ribs, sternum, and costal margin provide a rigid, but flexible chest wall that functions to provide protection to the vital cardiothoracic organs, while also allowing for varying levels of respiration based on physiologic need. The latter function is accomplished through various muscular attachments and rib articulations with both the axial spine posteriorly and the sternum anteriorly. The accessory muscles of inspiration rely on the downward slope and outward curve of each rib, which when contracted move the ribs upward and outward, in turn forcing the sternum anterior and increasing the thoracic volume.

Comparison of Single-Stage and Dual-Stage Approaches for Nonunion Repair in the Absence of Evident Infections.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if routine dual-stage nonunion repair (DSR) surgery lead to better outcomes than single-stage nonunion (SSR) repair surgery in fracture nonunions without evident clinical or laboratory signs of infection.

Methods: Design: Retrospective comparison study.

Setting: Level One Trauma Center affiliated with an academic teaching hospital.

Revealing the Potential-Dependent Rate-Determining Step of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Single-Atom Catalysts.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted widespread attention due to their potential to replace platinum-based catalysts in achieving efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet the rational optimization of SACs remains challenging due to their elusive reaction mechanisms. Herein, by employing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and a thermodynamic integration method, we have constructed the potential-dependent free energetics of ORR on a single iron atom catalyst dispersed on nitrogen-doped graphene (Fe-N/C) and further integrated these parameters into a microkinetic model. We demonstrate that the rate-determining step (RDS) of the ORR on SACs is potential-dependent rather than invariant within the operative potential range.

Vitamin D levels and morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight preterm infants.

Unlabelled: Very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm newborns lack some nutrients such as vitamin D (VD), which is important in the function and development of different systems.

Objective: To evaluate serum levels of 25-OH-VD in VLBW newborns and to describe the possible association between its deficit and frequent morbidities in this population.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional study of VLBW newborns (< 1,500 g and/or < 32 weeks of gestational age).

Diabetes Endothelial Keratoplasty Study: Methods and Impact on the Use of Corneas From Donors With Diabetes for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty.

Purpose: Describe aims, methods, characteristics of donors, donor corneas and recipients, and potential impact of the Diabetes Endothelial Keratoplasty Study (DEKS).

Methods: The DEKS is a randomized, clinical trial to assess graft success and endothelial cell density (ECD) 1 year after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) using corneas from donors with versus without diabetes in a 1:2 minimization assignment. Diabetes severity in the donor is assessed by medical history, postmortem HbA1c, and donor skin advanced glycation end-products and oxidation markers.

APE1-Activated and NIR-II Photothermal-Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy Guided by Amplified Fluorescence Imaging.

The development of intelligent nanotheranostic technology that integrates diagnostic and therapeutic functions holds great promise for personalized nanomedicine. However, most of the nanotheranostic agents exhibit "always-on" properties and do not involve an amplification step, which may largely limit imaging contrast and restrict therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we construct a novel nanotheranostic platform (Hemin/DHPs/PDA@CuS nanocomposite) by assembling DNA hairpin probes (DHPs) and hemin on the surface of PDA@CuS nanosheets that enables amplified fluorescence imaging and activatable chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of tumors.

Formulation of Quality Improvement Methodology for Risk Mitigation in Congenital Cardiac Catheterization.

The C3PO collaborative, with a history of successful quality improvement (QI) initiatives, leveraged registry participants to develop a multi-center QI initiative to reduce adverse events (AEs) in congenital cardiac catheterization. A 32-person, interdisciplinary working group analyzed audited data for all congenital cardiac catheterization cases from 2014-2017. The primary outcome was the occurrence of any high-severity (level 3/4/5) AE.

Prevalence of metal hypersensitivity in pediatric spine surgery.

Purpose: Delayed metal hypersensitivity reactions can cause complications in spine surgery. Currently, there is no information on the prevalence of metal hypersensitivity in pediatric patients undergoing spine surgery. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of metal hypersensitivity in pediatric patients undergoing spinal instrumentation.

Effect of Prepectoral Versus Subpectoral Implant-Based Reconstruction on Post-Mastectomy Radiation Dosimetry.

Background: The placement of breast implants in a prepectoral plane has become increasingly popular in breast reconstruction, although data on how this affects radiation delivery in women with breast cancer are limited. This study aimed to assess the dosimetric differences in radiation plans for immediate breast reconstruction between prepectoral and subpectoral implants.

Methods: In this study, a retrospective review and dosimetric analysis of patients with breast cancer who underwent immediate implant-based reconstruction and postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) were performed.

New possibilities of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular pathologies. the potential of molecular hydrogen in the reduction of oxidative stress and its consequences.

Disproportion between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant system can cause oxidative stress, which is considered a common denominator in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, aging, and cognitive disorders. The generation of free radicals, which occurs through partial reduction of oxygen, can quickly overwhelm the endogenous antioxidant system capacity of the cell. This causes lipid, protein, DNA and RNA damage, inflammation, and overall cell degeneration, which can be mitigated by various antioxidants.

What Factors Determine the Brevione B Desaturation Mechanism in the Nonheme Iron Dioxygenase BrvJ?

The natural product synthesis of brevione J undergoes a cascade of reactions including an oxidative desaturation and a ring-expansion. The C1-C2 desaturation of brevione B is catalyzed by the nonheme iron dioxygenase BrvJ using one molecule of O2 and a-ketoglutarate (aKG). However, whether the subsequent oxidative ring expansion reaction is also catalyzed by the same enzyme is unknown and remains controversial.

Social Vulnerability Index and Health Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) for the purpose of allocating resources in times of emergency based on social determinants of health (SDOH). The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate how the SVI tool has been applied in health care literature focused on health in the United States(US). A systematic literature review was conducted in 7 research databases with an 11-year time frame reflecting the launch of SVI, with the last search completed on September 29, 2022.

The Relationship Between Novel Inflammatory Markers and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Among US Adults.

Background: Vitamin D is the focus of extensive medical research globally. Recent studies have investigated the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and common inflammatory markers. However, few studies have incorporated novel inflammatory markers such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammatory response (SIRI), and neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR).

In Situ Spectroscopic Probing of the Hydroxylamine Pathway of Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction on Iron-Oxy-Hydroxide.

Crystalline γ-FeO(OH) dominantly possessing ─OH terminals (𝛾-FeO(OH)), polycrystalline γ-FeO(OH) containing multiple ─O, ─OH, and Fe terminals (𝛾-FeO(OH)), and α-FeO majorly containing ─O surface terminals are used as electrocatalysts to study the effect of surface terminals on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNORR) selectivity and stabilization of reaction intermediates. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and electrochemically determined surface area suggest a high active surface area of 117.79 m g (ECSA: 0.

Clinical utility of plasma p-tau217 in identifying abnormal brain amyloid burden in an Asian cohort with high prevalence of concomitant cerebrovascular disease.

Introduction: Using an Asian cohort with high prevalence of concomitant cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), we evaluated the performance of a plasma immunoassay for tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) in detecting amyloid beta positivity (Aβ+) on positron emission tomography and cognitive decline, based on a three-range reference, which stratified patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups for Aβ+.

Methods: Brain amyloid status (Aβ- [n = 142] vs Aβ+ [n = 73]) on amyloid PET scans was assessed along with the plasma ALZpath p-tau217 assay to derive three-range reference points for PET Aβ+ based on 90% sensitivity (lower threshold) and 90% specificity (upper threshold).

Results: Plasma p-tau217 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.

The role of CNBP in brain atrophy and its targeting in myotonic dystrophy type 2.

Myotonic Dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is a multisystem disease affecting many tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. DM2 is caused by unstable expansion of CCTG repeats in an intron 1 of a gene coding for cellular nuclear binding protein (CNBP). The expanded CCTG repeats cause DM2 pathology due to the accumulation of RNA CCUG repeats, which affect RNA processing in patients' cells.

Determinants of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Maternal Cardiovascular Health in Early Pregnancy.

Background: Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. To guide public health efforts to reduce disparities in maternal CVH, we determined the contribution of individual- and neighborhood-level factors to racial and ethnic differences in early pregnancy CVH.

Methods: We included nulliparous individuals with singleton pregnancies who self-identified as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), or non-Hispanic White (NHW) and participated in the nuMoM2b cohort study (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be).

Structure of Hydrothermally Stable Acid Sites and their Catalytic Role in P-Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite Revealed by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.

The ZSM-5 zeolite is the key active component in high-severity fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts and is routinely activated by phosphorus compounds in industrial production. To date, however, the detailed structure and function of the introduced phosphorus still remain ambiguous, which hampers the rational design of highly efficient catalysts. In this work, using advanced solid-state NMR techniques, we have quantitatively identified a total of seven types of P-containing complexes in P-modified ZSM-5 zeolite and clearly revealed their structure, location, and catalytic role.

Electrocatalytic CO Reduction in Acids: A Groundbreaking Approach to Converting CO into Fuels and Feedstocks.

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) at industrial-level current densities provides a sustainable approach to converting CO into value-added fuels and feedstocks using renewable electricity. However, the CORR conducted typically in alkaline and neutral electrolytes encounters some challenges due to the inevitable reaction between CO and OH ions, which undermines CO utilization and leads to poor operational stability. Acidic media present a viable alternative by reducing (bi)carbonate production, thereby enhancing the carbon efficiency and stability in CORR.

Magnetic Flatness and E. Hopf's Theorem for Magnetic Systems.

Using the notion of magnetic curvature recently introduced by the first author, we extend E. Hopf's theorem to the setting of magnetic systems. Namely, we prove that if the magnetic flow on the -sphere bundle is without conjugate points, then the total magnetic curvature is non-positive, and vanishes if and only if the magnetic system is magnetically flat.