Non-invasive [O]HO PET measurements of cerebral perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity using an additional heart scan.

Obtaining the arterial input function (AIF) is essential for quantitative regional cerebral perfusion (rCBF) measurements using [O]HO PET. However, arterial blood sampling is invasive and complicates the scanning procedure. We propose a new non-invasive dual scan technique with an image derived input function (IDIF) from an additional heart scan.

Tuning the Chemistry of Fe-Nodes in MIL-100(Fe) through In Situ Generation of High Ratio of Mixed-Valence Sites: The Roles of Site-Specific and Textural Properties in Photo-Fenton Reaction.

Several studies were focused on the application of MIL-100(Fe) (FeO(OH)(HO)(BTC), HBTC is 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid) in the photo-Fenton reaction, but it still suffers from low efficiency. In this work, MIL-100(Fe) was synthesized at ambient conditions and low pHs using Fe(II) precursors in homogeneous aqueous media to develop a sample with high activity in the photo-Fenton reaction, even better than Fe-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks. The as-synthesized sample is highly crystalline with 30.

Au-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Coordinated Nanotherapeutics for Substrate Self-Supplied Parallel Catalytic and Calcium-Overload-Mediated Therapy of Cancer.

The multiple enzymatic properties of the Au-modified metal-organic framework (Au-MOFs) have made it a functional catalytic system for antitumor treatment. However, in the face of insufficient catalytic substrates in tumor tissue, it is still impossible to achieve efficient treatment of tumors. Herein, Au-MOFs loaded with hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) were used to construct a nanozyme (Au-MOF/CaO/HA) for substrate self-supplied and parallel catalytic/calcium-overload-mediated therapy of cancer.

The Colonic Vitamin D Receptor and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: No Correlation to Histologic or Endoscopic Inflammation.

The role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly described. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between immunohistochemical VDR expression and IBD activity. The immunohistochemical expression of VDR was analysed in biopsies from active and inactive IBD in 28 patients (ulcerative colitis: 21, Crohn's disease: 7) and 12 non-IBD controls.

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Rigid Anchor Attached Pt Complex for Catalytic H/D Exchange of Aromatic Substrates.

A Pt(II) aqua complex supported by mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-immobilized sulfonated CNN pincer ligand featuring a rigid SiO tether was prepared. This hybrid material was tested as a catalyst in H/D exchange reactions of C(sp)-H bonds of selected aromatic substrates and DO-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol- (TFE-) mixtures or CDCOD acting as a source of exchangeable deuterium. The catalyst immobilization served as a means to not only enable the catalyst's recyclability but also minimize the coordination of sulfonate groups and the metal centers originating from different catalyst's moieties that would preserve reactive Pt(OH) fragments needed for catalytic C-H bond activation.

Synthesis of the conjugation-ready β-mannosamine-containing -antigen repeat from O14.

Chemical synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the -antigen from has been accomplished through a linear strategy. The reducing end 1,2- mannosamine unit has been achieved through the azide inversion of the 2-OH position of a suitably protected glucose moiety. The crucial ()-3-hydroxybutyric acid is inserted successfully at the last stage through EDC-HOBt coupling.

An Open-Shell Fe Nitrido.

We report the photogeneration and characterization of an open-shell, terminal iron nitrido (L)Fe(N) using a sterically encumbered dipyrrin ligand environment. The Fe-N distance in the solid-state, zero-field Fe Mössbauer spectrum, and computational analysis are consistent with a triplet electronic ground state of the iron nitrido. Notably, the attenuation of Fe-N multiple bond character through occupying π* enables (i) primary C(sp)-H amination, (ii) H cleavage, (iii) aromatic C-C cleavage, and (iv) photocatalytic -atom transfer reactivity.

Phenolic Resin-type Microporous Organic Polymers for High-Performance Carbon Capture.

Three new types of Si-centered porous organic polymer (Si-POPs) were successfully prepared using phenolic resin-type chemistry to form C-C bonds. This new family of microporous Si-POPs manifests as uniform, microporous, spherical particles with a high specific surface area. Notably, Si-POPs were engineered to possess varying numbers of hydroxyl (-OH) groups by altering the monomer in the synthetic process.

Inverse association of triglyceride-glucose and triglyceride/HDL-c indexes with serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in US adults.

The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL-c) are novel indicators for assessing insulin resistance (IR) in epidemiological studies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and these two indicators in the adult population of the United States. 14,380 participants aged 20 years and older were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Oronasal mucosal melanoma is defined by two transcriptional subtypes in humans and dogs with implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Mucosal melanoma is a rare melanoma subtype associated with a poor prognosis and limited existing therapeutic interventions, in part due to a lack of actionable targets and translational animal models for preclinical trials. Comprehensive data on this tumour type are scarce, and existing data often overlooks the importance of the anatomical site of origin. We evaluated human and canine oronasal mucosal melanoma (OMM) to determine whether the common canine disease could inform the rare human equivalent.

The Holistic Effect of Complementary Interventions in Reducing Stress in College Students.

The purpose of this research was to examine the holistic effects of combined complementary therapies in reducing stress in college students. This convergent mixed-method study provided aromatherapy, massage, and meditation music sessions to college students ( = 50) just before finals week. Paired t-tests analyzed pre-session and post-session perceived stress and anxiety as well as objective physiological measures, including salivary cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure.

PI5P4K inhibitors: promising opportunities and challenges.

Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4K), also known as type II PIPKs or PIPKIIs, convert the lipid second messenger PI5P to PI(4,5)P. The PI5P4K family consists of three isozymes in mammals-PI5P4Kα, β, and γ-which notably utilize both GTP and ATP as phosphodonors. Unlike the other two isozymes, which can utilize both ATP and GTP, PI5P4Kβ exhibits a marked preference for GTP over ATP, acting as an intracellular GTP sensor that alters its kinase activity in response to physiological changes in GTP concentration.

Spontaneous Nystagmus Violating the Alexander's Law: Neural Substrates and Mechanisms.

Alexander's law states that spontaneous nystagmus increases when looking in the direction of fast-phase and decreases during gaze in slow-phase direction. Disobedience to Alexander's law is occasionally observed in central nystagmus, but the underlying neural circuit mechanisms are poorly understood. In a retrospective analysis of 2,652 patients with posterior circulations stroke, we found a violation of Alexander's law in one or both directions of lateral gaze in 17 patients with lesions of unilateral lateral medulla affecting the vestibular nucleus.

Proteasome inhibition enhances oncolytic reovirus therapy in multiple myeloma independently of its direct cytotoxic effects.

Background: Reovirus (RV) is an oncolytic virus with natural tropism for cancer cells. We previously showed that RV administration in multiple myeloma (MM) patients was safe, but disease control associated with viral replication in the cancer cells was not observed. The combination with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has shown to enhance RV therapeutic activity, but the mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.

Synergistic Adhesion and Shape Deformation in Nanowire-Structured Liquid Crystal Elastomers.

Nature provides many examples of the benefits of nanoscopic surface structures in areas of adhesion and antifouling. Herein, the design, fabrication, and characterization of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) films are presented with nanowire surface structures that exhibit tunable stimuli-responsive deformations and enhanced adhesion properties. The LCE films are shown to curl toward the side with the nanowires when stimulated by heat or organic solvent vapors.

Employing a Zn-air/Photo-Electrochemical Cell for In Situ Generation of HO for Onsite Control of Pollutants.

Industrial production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) is energy-intensive and generates unwanted byproducts. Herein, an alternative production strategies of HO are demonstrated in a Zn-air and a photoelectrochemical cell. Employing an optimally produced reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrocatalyst@air-cathode, an impressive power density of 320 Wm (geo = geometric area) is achieved along with a high HO production rate of 3.

Machine Learning-Assisted Microstructural Quantification of Multiphase Cathode Composites in All-Solid-State Batteries: Correlation with Battery Performance.

Microstructure optimization and high-performance material development are crucial for improving the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Researchers frequently record numerous micro-scale or nano-scale electron micrographs for unbiased post-mortem analysis, performance evaluation, and improvement of ASSBs. However, these micrographs are often underutilized and typically analyzed qualitatively without ensuring an accurate representation of the experimental objectives.

Effects of Lasofoxifene Versus Fulvestrant on Vaginal and Vulvar Symptoms in Patients With ESR1-Mutated, ER+/HER2-, Metastatic Breast Cancer From the ELAINE 1 Study.

Background: Lasofoxifene, a novel endocrine therapy (ET), showed antitumor activity versus fulvestrant in women with ESR1-mutated, metastatic breast cancer (mBC) that progressed on prior ET (phase 2, ELAINE 1 study). We investigated changes in genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) vulvar-vaginal symptoms with lasofoxifene and how patient/disease characteristics affect baseline vulvar-vaginal symptoms in ELAINE 1.

Methods: Women were randomized to oral lasofoxifene 5 mg/day or IM fulvestrant 500 mg (days 1, 15, and 29, then every 28 days) until disease progression/severe toxicity.

Proposed resources required for a comprehensive program for CCT CHD imaging.

Background: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) is increasingly used for evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) in patients of all ages. Pediatric and adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) surgical programs require high quality CCT imaging as part of the multimodality imaging support expected of comprehensive care centers. Despite these expectations, there are no benchmarks or defined programmatic elements specific to the performance of CCT in patients with CHD.

Functional Radiosurgery in the Management of Cancer Pain: A Comprehensive Review.

Functional radiosurgery is a minimally invasive and highly precise approach to managing refractory cancer pain, offering targeted interventions for both nociceptive and neuropathic pain mechanisms. By focusing on key neuroanatomical targets, such as the thalamus, cingulate cortex, pituitary gland, celiac plexus, and dorsal root ganglia, functional radiosurgery provides effective relief for complex pain syndromes that are often unresponsive to conventional therapies. Advances in imaging and treatment delivery have enhanced the safety and efficacy of these techniques, allowing clinicians to tailor interventions to individual patients.

FLASH Radiotherapy: From In Vivo Data to Clinical Translation.

Delivery of radiotherapy (RT) at ultra-high dose rates or FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is an emerging treatment option for patients with cancer that could increase survival outcomes and quality of life. In vivo data across a multitude of normal tissues and associated tumors have been published demonstrating the FLASH effect while bringing attention to the need for additional research. Combination of FLASH-RT with other treatment options including spatially fractionated RT, immunotherapy, and usage in the setting of reirradiation could also provide additional benefit.

Development and Implementation of Digital Health Tools in Radiation Oncology: A Rapid Review.

A rapid review of 21 studies into 20 unique digital health tools found significant benefits to utilizing the following 4 categories of tools: (1) educational videos increased patient knowledge of radiotherapy (RT) and reduced treatment-related anxiety; (2) extended reality tools improved patient understanding of RT and reduced anxiety, with virtual reality coaching enhancing tumor motion reproducibility during CT simulation; (3) digital patient engagement tools helped patients manage treatment symptoms, increased health literacy, and improved quality of life; (4) an electronic feedback form decreased patient anxiety and increased RT knowledge. Most interventions were single-use and implemented before the start of RT.

Assessment and treatment considerations for patients with colorectal liver metastases: AHPBA consensus guideline and update for surgeons.

Background: Colorectal cancer most commonly metastasizes to the liver. While various treatment strategies have been developed, surgical management of these patients has vital implications on the prognosis and survival of this group of patients. There remains a need for a consensus guideline regarding the surgical evaluation and management of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Managing Labor Pain Among Tanzanian Women Using Non-pharmacological Interventions.

Managing labor pain effectively is crucial for ensuring positive maternal health outcomes. In Tanzania, cultural barriers often hinder the acceptance and utilization of non-pharmacological pain management interventions. This clinical consultation explored strategies for overcoming these cultural barriers to improve labor pain management among Tanzanian women using non-pharmacological interventions.

The Transformative Impact of AI, Extended Reality, and Robotics in Interventional Radiology: Current Trends and Applications.

Interventional Radiology is at the forefront of integrating advanced imaging techniques and minimally-invasive procedures to enhance patient care. The advent of Digital Health Technologies (DHTs), including artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and extended reality (XR), is revolutionizing healthcare, particularly in IR due to its reliance on innovative technology and advanced imaging. Since 2016, the proportion of these DHT-related publications in IR has consistently increased.