Modeling predicts facile release of nitrite but not nitric oxide from the thionitrate CHSNO with relevance to nitroglycerin bioactivation.

Nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator in clinical use since the late 1800s. It functions as a prodrug that is bioactivated by formation of an enzyme-based thionitrate, E-Cys-NO. This intermediate reportedly decomposes to release NO and NO but their relative yields remain controversial.

Oxidized phospholipid and transcriptomic signatures of THC-related vaping associated lung injury.

E-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) is strongly associated with vitamin E acetate and often occurs with concomitant tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use. To uncover pathways associated with EVALI, we examined cytokines, transcriptomic signatures, and lipidomic profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from THC-EVALI patients. At a single center, we prospectively enrolled mechanically ventilated patients with EVALI from THC-containing products (N = 4) and patients with non-vaping acute lung injury and airway controls (N = 5).

Infrared thermal modulation endoscopy for label-free tumor detection.

In optical imaging of solid tumors, signal contrasts derived from inherent tissue temperature differences have been employed to distinguish tumor masses from surrounding tissue. Moreover, with the advancement of active infrared imaging, dynamic thermal characteristics in response to exogenous thermal modulation (heating and cooling) have been proposed as novel measures of tumor assessment. Contrast factors such as the average rate of temperature changes and thermal recovery time constants have been investigated through an active thermal modulation imaging approach, yielding promising tumor characterization results in a xenograft mouse model.

Strongly coordinating mediator enables single-step resource recovery from heavy metal-organic complexes in wastewater.

Heavy metals complexed with organic ligands are among the most critical carcinogens threatening global water safety. The challenge of efficiently and cost-effectively removing and recovering these metals has long eluded existing technologies. Here, we show a strategy of coordinating mediator-based electro-reduction (CMBER) for the single-step recovery of heavy metals from wastewater contaminated with heavy metal-organic complexes.

Alcohol-induced gut microbial reorganization and associated overproduction of phenylacetylglutamine promotes cardiovascular disease.

The mechanism(s) underlying gut microbial metabolite (GMM) contribution towards alcohol-mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. Herein we observe elevation in circulating phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a known CVD-associated GMM, in individuals living with alcohol use disorder. In a male murine binge-on-chronic alcohol model, we confirm gut microbial reorganization, elevation in PAGln levels, and the presence of cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Self-assembly by anti-repellent structures for programming particles with momentum.

Self-assembled configurations are versatile for applications in which liquid-mediated phenomena are employed to ensure that static or mild physical interactions between assembling blocks take advantage of local energy minima. For granular materials, however, a particle's momentum in air leads to random collisions and the formation of disordered phases, eventually producing jammed configurations when densely packed. Therefore, unlike fluidic self-assembly, the self-assembly of dry particles typically lacks programmability based on density and ordering symmetry and has thus been limited in applications.

Electrochemically synthesized HO at industrial-level current densities enabled by in situ fabricated few-layer boron nanosheets.

Carbon nanomaterials show outstanding promise as electrocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (HO) synthesis via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction. However, carbon-based electrocatalysts that are capable of generating HO at industrial-level current densities (>300 mA cm) with high selectivity and long-term stability remain to be discovered. Herein, few-layer boron nanosheets are in-situ introduced into a porous carbon matrix, creating a metal-free electrocatalyst (B-C) with HO production rates of industrial relevance in neutral or alkaline media.

Efficient removal of Sb(III) from aqueous solution using TiO precipitated onto waste herb-residue biochar.

Increasing antimony (Sb) pollution has become a global concern, but there is still a lack of economically efficient adsorbents for its remediation. In this study, a novel remediation material was developed by precipitating TiO onto waste herb-residue biochar (named TBC). The effectiveness and adsorption mechanisms of the material for Sb(III) removal were investigated through adsorption experiments, and the enhancement pathway of traditional herb decoction on the effectiveness of modified biochar was analyzed.

NET formation-mediated in situ protein delivery to the inflamed central nervous system.

Delivering protein drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging due to the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier. Here we show that neutrophils, which naturally migrate through these barriers to inflamed CNS sites and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), can be leveraged for therapeutic delivery. Tannic acid nanoparticles tethered with anti-Ly6G antibody and interferon-β (aLy6G-IFNβ@TLP) are constructed for targeted neutrophil delivery.

Use of rotating membranes for air-to-liquid mass transfer of carbon dioxide to enhance algal growth.

A novel air-to-liquid mass transfer system using wetted rotating membranes was designed to enhance air-to-liquid carbon dioxide (CO) mass transfer efficiency. Traditional methods, such as sparging, are energy-intensive, but the rotating membrane reduces energy demands by optimising membrane wetting via rotational motion. Experimental tests were conducted using a small-scale system with a membrane width of 0.

Hydronium Ions Are Less Excluded from Hydrophobic Polymer-Water Interfaces than Hydroxide Ions.

The cloud point temperatures of aqueous poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO) solutions were measured from pH 1.0 to pH 13.0 at a constant ionic strength of 100 mM.

Growth of Highly-Ordered-Crystalline Indium-Gallium-Oxide Thin-Film via Plasma-Enhanced ALD for High Performance Top-Gate Field-Effect Transistors.

This study introduces a novel method for achieving highly ordered-crystalline InGaO [0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6] thin films on Si substrates at 250 °C using plasma-enhanced atomic-layer-deposition (PEALD) with dual seed crystal layers (SCLs) of γ-AlO and ZnO. Field-effect transistors (FETs) with random polycrystalline InGaO channels (grown without SCLs) show a mobility (µFE) of 85.

A Mitochondria-Targeted Iridium(iii) Phosphorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Hypochlorite in Living Cells.

Hypochlorous acid(HClO)/hypochlorite ion (ClO-) is a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a crucial role in various biological processes. In this paper, a "turn-on" phosphorescent probe (Ir-TPP) for detecting ClO- in mitochondria was designed and synthesized. In solution, Ir-TPP is minimal emission due to rapid isomerization of C=N-OH as an efficient non-radiative decay process.

HOPX as a tumour-suppressive protein in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The homeodomain protein homeobox (HOPX), a multifaceted regulator of cellular functions and developmental processes, is predominantly expressed in stem cells across diverse tissues; it has also emerged as a tumour suppressor in various solid cancers. However, its role in haematological malignancies still remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate its significance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL).

Implementation of a Comprehensive Protocol for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Kidney Transplant Recipients Improves Patient and Graft Outcomes.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have gained widespread acceptance as a means to enhance surgical outcomes. However, the intricate care required for kidney transplant recipients has not yet led to the establishment of a universally recognized and dependable ERAS protocol for kidney transplantation.

Objective: We devised a customized ERAS protocol to determine its effectiveness in improving surgical and postoperative outcomes among kidney transplant recipients.

"The Heart of the Center": Exploring the Role of the Patient Care Technician in US Dialysis Care.

Rationale & Objective: Dialysis patient care technicians (PCTs) provide essential, frontline care for patients receiving in-center hemodialysis. We qualitatively explored perceptions of the PCT job role, responsibilities, and training among current PCTs, non-PCT dialysis staff, and patients receiving hemodialysis.

Study Design: Focus group study.

Adolescent circadian rhythm disruption increases reward and risk-taking.

Introduction: Circadian rhythm disturbances have long been associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the onset of psychiatric disorders and for circadian rhythm and sleep disruptions. Preclinical studies have found that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) impacts the brain and behavior, but this research is largely focused on adult disruptions.

Performance of Risk-Stratification Scores for Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.

Guidelines recommend risk stratification of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients to guide management. There are currently several risk stratification scores available, which have largely been validated in various pulmonary hypertension registries in the West but not in Asia. We aim to study the performance of these different risk scores in PAH patients from a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Homogenous catalysis of peroxynitrite conversion to nitrate by diaryl selenide: a theoretical investigation of the reaction mechanism.

Quenching peroxynitrite (a reactive oxidant species) is a vital process in biological systems and environmental chemistry as it maintains redox balance and mitigates damaging effects in living cells and the environment. In this study, we report a systematic analysis of the mechanism of transforming peroxynitrite into nitrate using diaryl selenide in water. Through quantum mechanical calculations, we investigate the dynamic isomerization of peroxynitrite in a homogeneous catalytic environment.

Engineered Electrically Heatable Face Masks for Direct Inactivation of Aerosolized Viruses on the Mask Surfaces.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes in our daily lives, including the widespread use of face masks. Face masks have been reported to reduce the transmission of viral infections by droplets; however, improper use and/or treatment of these masks can cause them to be contaminated, thereby reducing their efficacy. Moreover, regular replacement of face masks is essential to maintaining their effectiveness, which can be challenging in resource-limited healthcare settings.

Elementary flow mapping across life cycle inventory data systems: A case study for data interoperability under the Global Life Cycle Assessment Data Access (GLAD) initiative.

Purpose: Limited availability of life cycle assessment (LCA) data poses a significant challenge to its mainstream adoption, rendering it a central issue within the LCA community. The Global LCA Data Access (GLAD) network aims to increase the accessibility and interoperability of LCA data and offers benefits for different use cases. GLAD is an intergovernmental collaboration involving different stakeholders organized into working groups.

CRP deposition in human abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with transcriptome alterations toward aneurysmal pathogenesis: insights from spatial whole transcriptomic analysis.

Background: We investigated the effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) deposition on the vessel walls in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by analyzing spatially resolved changes in gene expression. Our aim was to elucidate the pathways that contribute to disease progression.

Methods: AAA specimens from surgically resected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were categorized into the AAA-high CRP [serum CRP ≥ 0.

Patient and parent knowledge, understanding, and concerns after a new diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos syndrome.

Introduction: After diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS), it is unclear what information patients and parents need and understand about EDS. The objective of this study is to characterize patient and parent knowledge and concerns about EDS after a diagnosis of EDS is made to determine patient and parent concerns and identify barriers that cause discomfort with the diagnosis.6 METHODS: A convenience sample of patient and parent dyads were recruited after new diagnosis of EDS.

How intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor initial dosing impacts patient outcomes in diabetic macular oedema.

Background: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for diabetic macular oedema (DME) may begin with several initial monthly doses. Characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes were compared for eyes with DME that did and did not receive such initial doses.

Methods: This was a retrospective database study using American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight Registry data (01/01/15-31/12/20; index period).

Discordance Between Spine-Hip and Paretic-Nonparetic Hip Bone Mineral Density in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with T-score discordance between the spine and hip, as well as between the paretic and non-paretic hips in hemiplegic stroke patients, this study investigated bone mineral density (BMD) patterns. Bone loss predominantly affects the paretic hip after a stroke, and typical clinical assessments using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) that scan the lumbar spine (LS) and a single hip may overlook an osteoporosis diagnosis. This oversight could potentially lead to suboptimal treatment for stroke patients.