Cerebral Amyloid-β Deposition, Axial Features, and Cognitive Alterations in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Treated with Bilateral STN-DBS: A Long-Term Cohort Study.

Our aim was to evaluate the possible long-term cerebral deposition of amyloid-β in patients with PD treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) and its possible influence on axial and cognitive variables. Consecutive PD patients treated with bilateral STN-DBS with a long-term follow-up were included. The amyloid-β deposition was evaluated postoperatively through an 18F-flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET) study.

Prediction of epilepsy after stroke: Proposal of a modified SeLECT 2.0 score based on posttreatment stroke outcome.

Objective: The SeLECT 2.0 score is a prognostic model of epilepsy after ischemic stroke. We explored whether replacing the severity of stroke at admission with the severity of stroke after treatment at 72 h from onset could improve the predictive accuracy of the score.

Italian report on RARE epilepsies (i-RARE): A consensus on multidisciplinarity.

Objective: Rare and complex epilepsies encompass a diverse range of disorders characterized by seizures. We aimed to establish a consensus on key issues related to these conditions through collaboration among experienced neurologists, neuropediatricians, and patient advocacy representatives.

Methods: Employing a modified Delphi method, a scientific board comprising 20 physicians and 4 patient advocacy representatives synthesized existing literature with their expertise to formulate statements on contentious topics.

Late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy: insights from brain atrophy and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Considering the growing age of the world population, the incidence of epilepsy in older adults is expected to increase significantly. It has been suggested that late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (LO-TLE) may be neurodegenerative in origin and overlap with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Herein, we aimed to characterize the pattern of cortical atrophy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD (total and phosphorylated tau, and β-amyloid) in a selected population of LO-TLE of unknown origin.

The influence of wakefulness fluctuations on brain networks involved in centrotemporal spike occurrence.

Objective: Drowsiness has been implicated in the modulation of centro-temporal spikes (CTS) in Self-limited epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes (SeLECTS). Here, we explore this relationship and whether fluctuations in wakefulness influence the brain networks involved in CTS generation.

Methods: Functional MRI (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) was simultaneously acquired in 25 SeLECTS.

Futile recanalization is associated with increased risk of post-stroke epilepsy.

Background: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is the standard of care of ischaemic stroke due to occlusion of large vessels. Although EVT can significantly improve short- and long-term outcomes, functional dependence can persist despite the achievement of a successful recanalization. The evidence about the predictors of post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) in patients with stroke treated by EVT is limited.

FADD gene pathogenic variants causing recurrent febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: Case report and literature review.

FIRES and NORSE are clinical presentations of disease processes that, to date, remain unexplained without an established etiology in many cases. Neuroinflammation is thought to have paramount importance in the genesis of these conditions. We hereby report the clinical, EEG, brain MRI, and genetic findings of a nuclear family with recurrent febrile-related encephalopathy with refractory de novo Status Epilepticus.

A WORLDWIDE ENIGMA STUDY ON EPILEPSY-RELATED GRAY AND WHITE MATTER COMPROMISE ACROSS THE ADULT LIFESPAN.

Objectives: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is commonly associated with mesiotemporal pathology and widespread alterations of grey and white matter structures. Evidence supports a progressive condition although the temporal evolution of TLE is poorly defined. This ENIGMA-Epilepsy study utilized multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to investigate structural alterations in TLE patients across the adult lifespan.

Patterns of subregional cerebellar atrophy across epilepsy syndromes: An ENIGMA-Epilepsy study.

Objective: The intricate neuroanatomical structure of the cerebellum is of longstanding interest in epilepsy, but has been poorly characterized within the current corticocentric models of this disease. We quantified cross-sectional regional cerebellar lobule volumes using structural magnetic resonance imaging in 1602 adults with epilepsy and 1022 healthy controls across 22 sites from the global ENIGMA-Epilepsy working group.

Methods: A state-of-the-art deep learning-based approach was employed that parcellates the cerebellum into 28 neuroanatomical subregions.

The risk of unprovoked seizure occurrence after status epilepticus in adults.

Objective: Status epilepticus (SE) may lead to long-term consequences. This study evaluated the risk and predictors of seizure occurrence after SE, with a focus on SE due to acute symptomatic etiologies.

Methods: Prospectively collected data about adults surviving a first non-hypoxic SE were reviewed.

Longitudinal Neuropsychological Assessment of Symptomatic Edema after Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: A Case Series Study.

Severe non-infectious or non-haemorrhagic brain edema surrounding the electrode represents a rare complication of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) surgery. The aim of this study is to report three patients with advanced Parkinson's Disease (PD) who developed symptomatic brain edema after STN-DBS surgery treated with intravenous steroids with a specific profile of reversible cognitive alterations. Patients were both assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery including attention, memory, visuo-spatial and executive tasks.

The Epilepsy Surgery Satisfaction Questionnaire (ESSQ-19): Italian language translation and validation.

Objective: Epilepsy surgery can be proposed as a treatment option in people with focal epilepsy, however satisfaction with epilepsy surgery in Italy remains unknown. We aimed to validate in Italy an instrument to measure patient satisfaction with epilepsy surgery, the 19-item Epilepsy Surgery Satisfaction Questionnaire (ESSQ-19).

Methods: Consecutive patients with epilepsy who received epilepsy surgery between the years 2018-2021 at Modena Academic Hospital were recruited and provided clinical and demographic data.

Imaging biomarkers of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a review.

In recent years, imaging has emerged as a promising source of several intriguing biomarkers in epilepsy, due to the impressive growth of imaging technology, supported by methodological advances and integrations of post-processing techniques. Bearing in mind the mutually influencing connection between sleep and epilepsy, we focused on sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), aiming to make order and clarify possible clinical utility of emerging multimodal imaging biomarkers of these two epilepsy-related entities commonly occurring during sleep. Regarding SHE, advanced structural techniques might soon emerge as a promising source of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers, tailoring a targeted therapeutic (surgical) approach for MRI-negative subjects.

Patterns of subregional cerebellar atrophy across epilepsy syndromes: An ENIGMA-Epilepsy study.

Objective: The intricate neuroanatomical structure of the cerebellum is of longstanding interest in epilepsy, but has been poorly characterized within the current cortico-centric models of this disease. We quantified cross-sectional regional cerebellar lobule volumes using structural MRI in 1,602 adults with epilepsy and 1,022 healthy controls across twenty-two sites from the global ENIGMA-Epilepsy working group.

Methods: A state-of-the-art deep learning-based approach was employed that parcellates the cerebellum into 28 neuroanatomical subregions.

Use, experience and perspectives of high-density EEG among Italian epilepsy centers: a national survey.

Introduction: High-density EEG (hdEEG) is a validated tool in presurgical evaluation of people with epilepsy. The aim of this national survey is to estimate diffusion and knowledge of hdEEG to develop a network among Italian epilepsy centers.

Methods: A survey of 16 items (and 15 additional items) was distributed nationwide by email to all members of the Italian League Against Epilepsy and the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Beyond pulsed inhibition: Alpha oscillations modulate attenuation and amplification of neural activity in the awake resting state.

Alpha oscillations are a distinctive feature of the awake resting state of the human brain. However, their functional role in resting-state neuronal dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we show that, during resting wakefulness, alpha oscillations drive an alternation of attenuation and amplification bouts in neural activity.

Criticality of neuronal avalanches in human sleep and their relationship with sleep macro- and micro-architecture.

Sleep plays a key role in preserving brain function, keeping brain networks in a state that ensures optimal computation. Empirical evidence indicates that this state is consistent with criticality, where scale-free neuronal avalanches emerge. However, the connection between sleep architecture and brain tuning to criticality remains poorly understood.

Pharmacotherapy for Dravet Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by drug-resistant, lifelong seizures. The management of seizures in DS has changed in recent years with the approval of new antiseizure medications (ASMs).

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the comparative efficacy and tolerability of the ASMs for the treatment of seizures associated with DS using a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Acute symptomatic status epilepticus: Splitting or lumping? A proposal of classification based on real-world data.

This study aimed to group acute symptomatic etiologies of consecutive episodes of status epilepticus (SE) into different subcategories and explore their associations with clinical outcome. Etiologies were first categorized as "acute," "remote," "progressive," "SE in defined electroclinical syndromes," and "unknown." Four subcategories of acute etiologies were then defined: (1) withdrawal, low levels, or inappropriate prescription of antiseizure medications, or sleep deprivation in patients with pre-existing epilepsy; (2) acute insults to central nervous system (CNS; "acute-primary CNS"); (3) CNS pathology secondary to metabolic disturbances, systemic infection, or fever ("acute-secondary CNS"); and (4) drug/alcohol intoxication or withdrawal.