Antibiotics use decreases survival in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become the first-line therapy in patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Antibiotics (ATB) have been reported to reduce ICI response in cancers, but this has not been evaluated in cSCC.

Aim: To evaluate ATB exposure at the onset of ICI in cSCC patients and to analyze its impact on outcome.

"Tension Chyle Leak": A Life-Threatening Sequela of Thoracic Duct Injury Following Resection of BRAF-Mutated Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Airway obstruction secondary to chyle leak is an exceptionally rare phenomenon. Here, we describe this complication in a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) undergoing consolidative surgery after BRAF-targeted therapy.

Methods: A 55-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass.

Principles of visual cortex excitatory microcircuit organization.

Synapse-specific connectivity and dynamics determine microcircuit function but are challenging to explore with classic paired recordings due to their low throughput. We therefore implemented optomapping, a ∼100-fold faster two-photon optogenetic method. In mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we optomapped 30,454 candidate inputs to reveal 1,790 excitatory inputs to pyramidal, basket, and Martinotti cells.

Molecular imaging of viral pathogenesis and opportunities for the future.

Molecular imaging is used in clinical and research settings. Since tools to study viral pathogenesis longitudinally and systemically are limited, molecular imaging is an attractive and largely unexplored tool. This review discusses molecular imaging probes and techniques for studying viruses, particularly those currently used in oncology that are applicable to virology.

Perioperative and periprocedural management of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors: narrative review and the STOP-GAP and STOP DKA-2 algorithms.

The GLP-1 receptor-based agonists (GLP-1RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are major 21 century breakthroughs in diabetes and obesity medicine but there are important safety considerations regarding the perioperative and periprocedural management of individuals who are treated with these agents. GLP-1RAs have been linked to an increased risk of retained gastric contents and pulmonary aspiration while SGLT2i can be associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. This manuscript provides a narrative review of the available evidence for perioperative and periprocedural risks in people prescribed GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i.

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes in Skeletal Muscle and Impacts of In Vitro Versus In Vivo Infection.

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with both respiratory (diaphragm) and non-respiratory (limb) muscle atrophy. It is unclear if SARS-CoV-2 infection of skeletal muscle plays a role in these changes. This study sought to: 1) determine if cells comprising skeletal muscle tissue, particularly myofibres, express the molecular components required for SARS-CoV-2 infection; 2) assess the capacity for direct SARS-CoV-2 infection and its impact on atrophy pathway genes in myogenic cells; and 3) in an animal model of COVID-19, examine the relationship between viral infection of skeletal muscle and myofibre atrophy within the diaphragm and limb muscles.

Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence in detection of renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors in the earlier stages is of great importance for more effective treatment. Encouraged by the key role of imaging in the management of RCC, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies that made use of artificial intelligence (AI) for the detection of RCC to quantitatively determine the performance of AI for distinguishing related renal lesions.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Embase electronic databases were systematically searched in November 2024 to identify studies that applied AI for the detection or classification of RCC.

Daily and Prospective Associations Between Responses to Sexual Rejection and Sexual Well-Being and Relationship Satisfaction in Couples Coping with Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder.

Prior cross-sectional research established that four distinct responses to sexual rejection are associated with sexual and relationship well-being among couples affected by Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder (SIAD). Examining these associations daily and prospectively will provide insight into within-person variations, temporality, and directionality. Women and gender-diverse individuals diagnosed with SIAD and their partners (N = 232 couples) completed a baseline survey, 56-day diary, and 6-month follow-up survey, assessing responses to sexual rejection, sexual satisfaction, dyadic sexual desire, sexual distress, and relationship satisfaction.

Association between sleep quality and serum biomarkers among long-term hot spring bathers: a cross-sectional study.

Previous studies investigating the influence of hot spring bathing on sleep quality have predominantly focused on the short-term effects through questionnaire surveys without blood collection for biochemical tests. Here, we undertook a comprehensive investigation of the long-term health effects of hot spring bathing among the residents of Hot Spring Village. A total of 140 participants were enrolled, and their demographic characteristics and the patterns of hot spring bathing were obtained via face-to-face interview, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Breathlessness dimensions should be evaluated in relation to the level of exertion: A clinical study.

Background/aim: Exertional breathlessness is a dominating symptom in cardiorespiratory disease, limiting exercise capacity. Multidimensional measurement has been proposed to capture breathlessness, but it is unknown whether it is useful to differentiate people with abnormal vs normal exertional breathlessness intensity.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of outpatients aged ≥ 18 years performing a symptom-limited cycle incremental exercise test (IET).

Prediction of hip fracture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in older Swedish women.

The socioeconomic burden of hip fractures, the most severe osteoporotic fracture outcome, is increasing and the current clinical risk assessment lacks sensitivity. This study aimed to develop a method for improved prediction of hip fracture by incorporating measurements of bone microstructure and composition derived from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). In a prospective cohort study of 3028 community-dwelling women aged 75 to 80, all participants answered questionnaires and underwent baseline examinations of anthropometrics and bone by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and HR-pQCT.

The development and implementation of an innovative community-based intervention to strengthen community capacity for HIV prevention and care among Canadians of African Caribbean and Black (ACB) women in Ontario: a research protocol.

African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) women are overrepresented among new HIV diagnoses due to social and structural factors. This study seeks to create, implement, and evaluate a community-based peer-led intervention to improve access to HIV prevention and care for ACB women in Canada. This multisite, five-year project, using community-based participatory research, implementation science and evaluation frameworks, will be implemented in five non-iterative phases.

Competencies of nurses to participate in safe medication management practices for biologics: A scoping review.

Aim: To review the existing literature relating to nurse competence in safe medication management practices for biologics, identify evidence, and develop a competency framework to clarify the role of nurses in these practices.

Background: With the widespread use of biological agents in disease treatment, ensuring the safe and economical use of high-cost medicines is particularly important. Even though nurses are essential in patient care, detailed knowledge regarding their competence and role in the safe administration of biologics is lacking.

Identifying the Views and Needs of Family Physicians on Providing Care to Living Kidney Donors: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Optimizing the long-term care and follow-up of living kidney donors (LKDs) has been challenging, and prior LKDs have reported suboptimal healthcare experiences. Long-term care of LKDs is largely undertaken by primary care practitioners such as family physicians (FPs). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Canadian FPs (n = 151).

Association of MASLD Phenotypes With Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C: The Role of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

Steatotic liver disease is prevalent among people with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasises the metabolic drivers of steatosis and recognises its frequent coexistence with other chronic liver diseases, including HCV. We aimed to evaluate the association of coexisting MASLD and HCV with liver fibrosis.

Lyme disease associated neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Lyme disease, caused by , presents major health challenges worldwide, leading to serious neurological and musculoskeletal issues that impact patients' lives and healthcare systems. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the prevalence and link between Lyme disease and these complications, aiming to enhance clinical and public health approaches.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up until April 01, 2024, to find studies reporting the prevalence and severity of neurological and musculoskeletal complications associated with Lyme disease.

Characteristics of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with durable responses to maveropepimut-S, pembrolizumab, and cyclophosphamide: Long-term follow-up from the SPiReL trial.

Introduction: Patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) have an unmet medical need. The objective of this trial was to assess the efficacy and toxicities of a novel triple immunotherapy regimen-pembrolizumab, low-dose cyclophosphamide, and maveropepimut-S (MVP-S). This regimen was designed to activate tumor-specific T cells by targeting the tumor-associated antigen survivin with MVP-S and reducing two important T cell inhibitory pathways: T cell exhaustion and regulatory T cells with pembrolizumab and metronomic cyclophosphamide, respectively.

Hyperthyroidism in a Twin Pregnancy With a Hydatidiform Mole and a Coexisting Live Fetus: Management Dilemmas.

Hyperthyroidism in twin pregnancies involving a hydatidiform mole and a coexisting live fetus is a rare condition requiring careful management. We present a 34-year-old pregnant woman at 12 weeks' gestation with severe nausea, vomiting, and mild vaginal bleeding. A transvaginal ultrasound revealed a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with 1 normal fetus and 1 hydatidiform mole, leading to hyperthyroidism from elevated β human chorionic gonadotropin levels.

Child- and Proxy-reported Differences in Patient-reported Outcome and Experience Measures in Pediatric Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Pediatric health outcomes are often assessed using proxy reports, which may not fully capture children's experiences. Children with surgical conditions face unique, changing healthcare journeys, making accurate representation challenging. This review compares child-reported health status and treatment experiences from Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) with parent reports.

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Japan: The Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study.

Aims: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is causally associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease. However, in terms of cardiovascular cause-specific outcomes, there are fewer studies about stroke than about coronary heart disease, particularly in Asia. Furthermore, there remains uncertainty regarding the PM-respiratory disease association.

Racial and ethnic enrollment disparities in clinical trials leading to FDA approvals for gynecologic malignancies.

Background: Black women and other minorities have higher age adjusted incidence risk for cervical and endometrial cancer than White women. However, the extent of racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trial enrollment among studies performed mainly in North America and Europe for gynecologic malignancy is unknown.

Objective: This study analyzed enrollment rates by race/ethnicity in trials that led to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for gynecological cancers from 2010 to 2024.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Contributes to the Population Decline of the Peregrine Falcon () in The Netherlands.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epizootics have caused repeated mass mortality events among wild birds. The effect of the infection is potentially detrimental for a variety of bird species, including the Peregrine Falcon (). The numbers of wintering and breeding Peregrine Falcons in the Netherlands have recently declined.

Species in Dromedary Camels () and Ruminants from Somalia.

Ehrlichioses, caused by species, are tick-borne diseases (TBDs) that affect animals and humans worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the molecular occurrence of spp. in 530 animals (155 Dromedary camels, 199 goats, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in the Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions of Somalia.