How Often Do We Fail to Classify the Treatment Response with [F]FDG PET/CT Acquired on Different Scanners? Data from Clinical Oncological Practice Using an Automatic Tool for SUV Harmonization.

Purpose: Tumor response evaluated by 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with standardized uptake value (SUV) is questionable when pre- and post-treatment PET/CT are acquired on different scanners. The aims of our study, performed in oncological patients who underwent pre- and post-treatment [F]FDG PET/CT on different scanners, were (1) to evaluate whether EQ·PET, a proprietary SUV inter-exams harmonization tool, modifies the EORTC tumor response classification and (2) to assess which classification (harmonized and non-harmonized) better predicts clinical outcome.

Procedures: We retrospectively identified 95 PET pairs (pre- and post-treatment) performed on different scanners (Biograph mCT, Siemens; GEMINI GXL, Philips) in 73 oncological patients (52F; 57.

Correction: Solitary ground-glass opacity nodules of stage IA pulmonary adenocarcinoma: combination of 18F-FDG PET/CT and high-resolution computed tomography features to predict invasive adenocarcinoma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15577.

Melatonin Increases Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Activity in Patients With Melatonin Deficiency: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Melatonin, a pineal hormone synthesized at night, is critical for the synchronization of circadian and seasonal rhythms, being a key regulator of energy metabolism in many animal species. Although studies in humans are lacking, several reports, mainly on hibernating animals, demonstrated that melatonin supplementation and a short photoperiod increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass. The present proof-of-concept study is the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate BAT in patients with melatonin deficiency (radiotherapy or surgical removal of pineal gland) before and after daily melatonin (3 mg) replacement for 3 months.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Can Induce Neuroplasticity and Significant Clinical Improvement in Patients Suffering From Fibromyalgia With a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), a condition considered to represent a prototype of central sensitization syndrome, can be induced by different triggers including childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Recent studies have demonstrated hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can induce neuroplasticity and improve clinical outcome of FMS. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of HBOT on patients suffering from FMS with a history of CSA.

Response evaluation with F-FDG PET/CT in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with Palbociclib: first experience in clinical practice.

Objective: Palbociclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor recently approved for treatment in advanced or metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients. The use of F-FDG PET/CT for chemo/endocrine therapy response assessment in BC patients is well reported in the literature, but no studies have evaluated its role for assessing Palbociclib efficacy in clinical practice. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential role of F-FDG PET/CT in this setting.

F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic performance in solitary and multiple pulmonary nodules detected in patients with previous cancer history: reports of 182 nodules.

Purpose: In oncological patients, F-FDG PET/CT performance for pulmonary nodules' characterization is not well-established. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic performance in pulmonary nodules detected during follow-up in oncological patients and the relationship between malignancy and nodules' characteristics.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 182 pulmonary nodules (121 solitary, 61 multiple; mean size = 16.

Relationship between KRAS mutations and dual time point F-FDG PET/CT imaging in colorectal liver metastases.

Purpose: To investigate the association between metabolic parameters of dual time point F-FDG PET/CT imaging and Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutation status in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Methods: Forty-nine colorectal cancer patients with 87 liver metastatic lesions were included in this retrospective study. KRAS gene mutation tests were also performed for all the patients.

Assessment of pancreatic colloid carcinoma using F-FDG PET/CT compared with MRI and enhanced CT.

Pancreatic colloid carcinoma (CC) is a rare sub-type of pancreatic adenocarcinoma which has an improved prognosis compared with pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Consequently, the early detection of CC by imaging may be of great significance in guiding patient management and therapeutic decisions. The present study aimed to analyze F-FDG PET/CT findings of CC in comparison to MRI and CT.

The WHO diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera-role of red cell mass versus hemoglobin/hematocrit level and morphology.

Regarding diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV), discussion persists about hemoglobin (Hb) and/or hematocrit (Hct) threshold values as surrogate markers for red cell mass (RCM) and the diagnostic impact of bone marrow (BM) morphology. We performed a retrospective study on 290 patients with PV (151 males, 139 females; median age 65 years) presenting with characteristic BM features (initial biopsies, centralized evaluation) and endogenous erythroid colony (EEC) formations. This cohort included (1) a group of 229 patients when following the 2008 versus 256 patients diagnosed according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, all presented with increased RCM; (2) masked PV patients with low Hb (n = 143)/Hct (n = 45) recruited from the 2008 WHO cohort; (3) a cohort of 17 PV patients with elevated diagnostic Hb/Hct levels but low RCM; and (4) nine PV patients with increased RCM, opposing low Hb/Hct values.

Added value of SPECT/spiral CT versus SPECT or CT alone in diagnosing solitary skeletal lesions.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the added value of SPECT/spiral CT versus SPECT or CT alone in the differential diagnosis of solitary skeletal lesions.

Methods: This was a retrospective study on a total of 69 patients who had a solitary skeletal "hot spot" that could not be definitively diagnosed using planar scintigraphy. Thus, SPECT/spiral CT was performed on the indeterminate lesions.

Solitary ground-glass opacity nodules of stage IA pulmonary adenocarcinoma: combination of 18F-FDG PET/CT and high-resolution computed tomography features to predict invasive adenocarcinoma.

To investigate the performance of combined 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography with high-resolution CT for differentiating invasive adenocarcinoma from adenocarcinoma in situ (pre-invasive lesion) or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma in stage IA lung cancer patients with solitary ground-glass opacity nodules. This retrospective study enrolled 58 consecutive stage IA pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with solitary ground-glass opacity nodules. The characteristics and measurements of the ground-glass opacity nodules as pure ground-glass opacity nodules and mixed ground-glass opacity nodules in the pre-invasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma groups on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and high-resolution CT were compared and analyzed.

Nineteen cases with synchronous multiple primary cancers studied by F-FDG PET/CT.

Objective: To evaluate the value of fluorine -18-fuoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in evaluating synchronous multiple primary cancers (SMPC).

Methods: Nineteen patients with pathologically-confirmed SMPC were collected. Clinical and F-FDG PET/CT characteristics of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.

A multi species evaluation of the radiation dosimetry of [C]erlotinib, the radiolabeled analog of a clinically utilized tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Introduction: Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor prescribed for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients bearing epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in the kinase domain. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish a human dosimetry profile of [C]erlotinib and (2) assess the consistency of calculated equivalent dose across species using the same dosimetry model.

Methods: Subjects examined in this multi-species study included: a stage IIIa NSCLC patient, 3 rhesus macaque monkeys, a landrace pig, and 4 athymic nude-Fox1nu mice.

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Pancreas Demonstrated on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging.

A 69-year-old woman had gradually worsening abdominal discomfort over a year. A pancreatic mass was revealed by abdominal CT. The patient underwent FDG PET/CT for staging, which demonstrated the hypermetabolic pancreatic mass with multiple liver metastases.

Evaluation of MDRD4, CKD-EPI, BIS-1, and modified Cockcroft-Gault equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate in the elderly renal-transplanted recipients.

Equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were developed in patients using the variables age, body weight, and serum creatinine, which may be different in the elderly. Elderly renal transplant patients (EG; n=70; mean age 65 ± 4 y) who measured plasma Cr-EDTA-Clearance (mGFR) had mGFR compared to eGFR obtained by the Cockcroft-Gault corrected by body surface area (CG-BSA), the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD-4), the Berlin Initiative Study (BIS-1), and the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI). Results were validated using a cohort of 43, of the 70 elderly recipients, who performed a second Cr-EDTA-Clearance.

Detection of a primary tumor in the area of the renal artery with 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with metastatic undifferentiated sarcoma and a history of mid-aortic syndrome: A case report.

Background: We present a case of a 57-year-old woman patient with a history of mid-aortic syndrome, treated with several vascular procedures, who was referred for investigation of metastatic disease of an undifferentiated sarcoma of unknown origin.

Methods: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) demonstrated multiple fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) avid lung, liver, and osseous metastases as well as a focus of increased F-FDG uptake in the area of the stented left renal artery.

Result: Histologic evaluation of soft tissue from the region of the left renal artery revealed atypical spindle cells, consistent with an intimal sarcoma, and with histopathological characteristics identical to those of lung metastases, indicating the F-FDG avid lesion in the area of the renal artery as the origin of the metastatic disease.

Primary Liver Carcinosarcoma and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Primary liver carcinosarcoma is a very rare, malignant neoplasm that is concomitantly composed of a mixture of sarcomatous and carcinomatous elements. In the present study, an initial staging FDG PET/CT showed intense FDG uptake in a patient with liver carcinosarcoma composed of hepatocellular carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Two months after surgical resection, a restaging PET/CT showed rapid progression of the disease with abdominal and lung metastases, indicating aggressive feature of the disease.

Extraosseous Osteosarcoma of the Liver Demonstrated on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging.

A 66-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain for 1 month. Ultrasonography displayed multiple hepatic masses that were thought as metastases. FDG PET/CT was performed to assess the nature of these masses and to search primary malignancy.