Anatomy and Pathologies of the Spinous Process.

The spinous processes act as a lever for attachments of muscles and ligaments. Spinal imaging is commonly performed as a diagnostic test for pain and radiculopathy. A myriad of incidental or unexpected findings, both potentially asymptomatic and symptomatic, may be encountered during the interpretation of these images, which commonly comprise radiographs, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Maternal serum apelin-13 levels in early- and late-onset preeclampsia.

Objective: To assess whether alterations in maternal serum apelin-13 levels differ between early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE).

Materials And Methods: A prospective case-control study included 90 preeclamptic cases and 90 normotensive healthy pregnant women as controls. Preeclampsia cases were subclassified as EO-PE and LO-PE.

Prevalence of diabetes distress and its correlates among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a primary health center of Bihar - A cross-sectional study.

Context: Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with many complications. Approximately 20% of people living with diabetes suffer from some form of depression. "Diabetes distress" (DD) is used to describe the significant negative psychological reactions related to emotional burdens and worries specific to an individual's experience to manage severe, complicated chronic disease such as diabetes.

Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A propensity-matched national analysis on surgical outcomes and healthcare disparities.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma of distal pancreas is hard to treat due to late presentation. While open distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy has had favourable outcomes, it has also had many complications which were low among Minimally invasive procedures. This retrospective cohort analysis compares minimally invasive and open distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) outcomes using a national inpatient database.

Anterior mediastinal mass in HIV patient with disseminated tuberculosis - An atypical case report.

We report an atypical case of an anterior mediastinal mass in a 36-year-old female with HIV and previous hospitalization due to left-side chest pain and breathlessness. The patient presented with a cough, expectoration, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Laboratory tests revealed relevant findings, including low hemoglobin, low CD4 count, and a hyperechoic lesion in segment 5 of the liver.

Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence in Asians Versus Americans: A Review of Genetics, Diet, and the Call for Enhanced Prevention and Screening.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to pose a global health challenge, demonstrating significant disparities in occurrence among various populations. A wide number of research studies have indicated a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in South Asian immigrants compared to the local American population. The demand to improve the cardiovascular benefits of immigrants is increasing, which calls for further research with larger and more diverse population samples.

Navigating the complexity of Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting as acute abdomen: a comprehensive review and case report.

Introduction And Importance: Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare multisystemic condition characterized by asthma, blood and tissue eosinophilia, and vasculitis. The purpose of this work is to present a detailed overview of CSS, focusing on its epidemiology, clinical symptoms, histological criteria, gastrointestinal involvement, and therapy.

Case Presentation: The authors report a case of a 40-year-old woman with CSS who had peripheral eosinophilia, small vessel vasculitis, and bronchial asthma.

Burnt out testicular tumor - A case report.

Spontaneous regression of testicular tumors known as burnt-out tumor of testis is a rare entity and is seen in about 5% of testicular germ cell tumors. It is described as a spontaneously, completely, or partially regressed testicular tumor with or without metastasis in the absence of any treatment. This entity is now included in the 2016 classification of testicular tumors.

A Comparative Study on the General and Otolaryngological Manifestations of COVID-19 in the Hospitalized Population of the Telangana Region During the First and Second Waves.

 Some common symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are fever, cough, and shortness of breath. But ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations such as loss of smell and taste are also very common.  To compare the general and otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19 and to compare the treatments given and mortality rate during its two waves.

Standardization of Pre-operative Evaluation to Improve the Outcome of Arteriovenous Fistula for Vascular Access of Hemodialysis: A Review of 700 Cases.

Background With the advent of COVID-19, mortality rates of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) rose by 37% which makes its treatment an important part of healthcare. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is linked to higher patient survival rates. Cimino-Brescia fistula is the most effective vascular access technique, but it has a high rate of primary failure (PF) and a several-week maturation period before it can be used.

The Potentiality of Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Prognostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer.

Background Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a well-established marker that can be measured as an indicator for screening, diagnosing, and managing prostate cancer due to its advanced tissue specificity. Numerous studies have revealed that free PSA is the predominant molecular form of PSA in breast cancer cases. In contrast, total PSA is prevalent in benign breast tumor cases and healthy females.

Transition From Observational to Collaborative Learning to Augment Practical Skill Training in First-Year Medical Students.

Introduction Students exhibit less interest in hematology demonstration experiments as they are not expected to do it during their examination. Adopting a different strategy, like collaborative learning, might spark interest, motivate them to work together towards a shared objective, and help further learning and understanding. The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of collaborative learning in comparison with traditional practical demonstration.

COVID-associated cystitis: the culprit behind the bladder woes post-COVID infection? A review.

Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 had a significant impact on public health since its declaration as a pandemic. It is linked to a high rate of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and a slew of long-term symptoms that are yet to be thoroughly investigated. Among these, genitourinary symptoms of an overactive bladder (increased frequency, urgency, and nocturia) have recently been identified and labeled as COVID-associated cystitis (CAC).

Laser ablation: a unique and beneficial therapeutic option for pilonidal sinus? And the potential for further innovation-a review.

Laser has revolutionized the medical field, broadening the diagnostic and therapeutic spectrum, with diode (630-980 nm) and Nd:YAG (1064 nm) lasers being the common choices in ablation procedures. Laser ablation in pilonidal sinus disease is a new minimally invasive technique with good treatment efficacy, low post-op morbidity, and shorter recovery periods following employment. This review study aimed to provide information on the use of lasers in pilonidal sinus disease and their effectiveness compared to other conventional methods.

Role of Saliva as an Alternate Body Fluid in Evaluation of Kidney Function.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition, where the kidneys deviate from their normal physiology particularly excretion and regulatory function. There are many researches being performed on the development of rapid, effective and accurate diagnostic methods. The potential role of saliva has invited the attention in diagnostics as it is a non invasive, easy to collect and more economical as compared to traditional sampling methods.

Evaluation of Factors Affecting Thyroid Levels and its Relationship with Salt Iodine to Suggest the Way Forward!

Background: In India, 42 million people suffer from thyroid diseases. One in 10 adults suffer from hypothyroidism. Although coverage of iodized salt utilization has increased after universal salt iodization, we are yet to achieve the goals of NIDDCP for which the present study was planned to identify the hidden factors.

Cross-cultural prevalence of sleep quality and psychological distress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Poor quality sleep and emotional disturbances are expected in times of crisis. COVID-19 has severely impacted healthcare worldwide and with that comes the concern about its effects on healthcare workers. The purpose of the present study was to assess sleep quality and psychological distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Adverse events following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (COVISHIELD) amongst health care workers: A prospective observational study.

Background: During ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, researchers worked enormously to develop effective vaccines against COVID-19 infection. Two Indian-made vaccines [Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) and Covaxin] were granted Emergency Use Authorization. India launched its COVID-19 vaccination drive starting with healthcare workers (HCW).

Tailoring Body Mass Index for Prediction of Obesity in Young Adults: A Multi-Centric Study on MBBS Students of Southeast India.

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) has been used for a long period as a surrogative measure for obesity. But BMI does not differentiate between fat and nonfat tissue (blood, bone, and muscle) due to which it is not considered accurate anymore. But since BMI is easier to estimate and used widely for assessment of obesity, it is better if it is re-standardized according to the body fat percentage (BFP) of a specific population, community, and their ethnicity.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care professionals and workers.

The outbreak of a novel coronavirus starting from December 2019 and reaching pandemic proportions has raised concerns as to the ability of the current protective measures and the health-care system to handle such a threat. Health-care workers may experience considerable psychological distress as a result of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic due to providing direct patient care, vicarious trauma, quarantine, or self-isolation.

H3 antagonists and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Since histamine (HA) was first synthesized in 1907 and isolated as a bacterial contaminant of an extract of ergot in 1910, its role in health and disease and its molecular mechanism of action have been unraveled, leading to the formulation of an array of drugs with immense therapeutic value. HA is produced by decarboxylation of histidine, and its biological actions are mediated through four HA receptors, namely, H, H, H, and H based on their sequence, their link to differential intracellular signaling mechanisms, and their unique pharmacological properties. H and H receptors have been targeted for treating allergic conditions and peptic ulcers, respectively.

Impaired Pulmonary Lung Functions in Workers Exposed to Bagasse: Is Obesity an Added Risk?

Context: Effect of obesity and dust exposure on lung functions.

Aim: To assess the pulmonary functions in asymptomatic, dust-exposed sugarcane factory workers with obesity as an added risk.

Settings And Design: A cross-sectional study.