Changes in the Phenotype and Metabolism of Peritoneal Macrophages in Mucin-2 Knockout Mice and Partial Restoration of Their Functions In Vitro After L-Fucose Treatment.

In the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), peritoneal macrophages contribute to the resident intestinal macrophage pool. Previous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of L-fucose exerts an immunomodulatory effect and repolarizes the peritoneal macrophages in vivo in mice. In this study, we analyzed the phenotype and metabolic profile of the peritoneal macrophages from mice, as well as the effect of L-fucose on the metabolic and morphological characteristics of these macrophages in vitro.

Stages and causes of the evolution of language and consciousness: A theoretical reconstruction.

This article presents a refinement of theoretical explanations of the main stages of linguistic and cognitive evolution in anthropogenesis. The concepts of language, consciousness, self-consciousness, the self, the unconscious, the subconscious, and the relation between free will and determinism remain at the center of active and complex debates in philosophy and neuroscience. A basic theoretical apparatus comprising the central concepts of "concern" and "providing structure" (an extension of the biological concept of "adaptation") develops the paradigm of the extended evolutionary synthesis.

Temperature-Based Long-Term Stabilization of Photoacoustic Gas Sensors Using Machine Learning.

In this study, we address the challenge of estimating the resonance frequency of a photoacoustic detector (PAD) gas cell under varying temperature conditions, which is crucial for improving the accuracy of gas concentration measurements. We introduce a novel approach that uses a long short-term memory network and a self-attention mechanism to model resonance frequency shifts based on temperature data. To investigate the impact of the gas mixture temperature on the resonance frequency, we modified the PAD to include an internal temperature sensor.

Thalamic changes in patients with chronic facial pain.

Purpose: To investigate structural alterations in the thalamus in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia and provide a detailed perspective on thalamic remodeling in response to chronic pain at the level of individual thalamic nuclei.  METHODS: We analyzed a sample of 62 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia who underwent surgical treatment, along with 28 healthy participants. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired using a 3T system equipped with a 16-channel receiver head coil.

Large language models surpass human experts in predicting neuroscience results.

Scientific discoveries often hinge on synthesizing decades of research, a task that potentially outstrips human information processing capacities. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution. LLMs trained on the vast scientific literature could potentially integrate noisy yet interrelated findings to forecast novel results better than human experts.

Unraveling the Serotonergic Mechanism of Stress-Related Anxiety: Focus on Co-Treatment with Resveratrol and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.

In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety-like symptoms are often associated with elevated noradrenaline levels and decreased serotonin. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently used to treat anxiety, but elevated serotonin has been observed in some anxiety disorders. This study investigates stress-induced anxiety as an immediate effect of chronic stress exposure using the predator stress paradigm.

[Personality profile caused by epilepsy according to the «Big Five» model].

Objective: Determination of the characteristics of the personality profile using the Big Five model in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, taking into account the duration of the disease.

Material And Methods: An open clinical and psychological study of patients diagnosed with epilepsy (=47; 33.8±8.

Polarization-resolved resonant Raman excitation of surface and bulk electronic bands and phonons in MBE-grown topological insulator thin films.

Interaction of phonons with Dirac-like electronic states sets the fundamental limit of electron transport in topological insulators (TIs). Polarization-resolved and resonant Raman scattering of bulk and surface electronic excitation and vibrational modes in BiTe and BiSbTeSe (BSTS) thin films was investigated. At photon energies () of 1.

Electronic states bound by repulsive potentials in graphene irradiated by a circularly polarized electromagnetic field.

In the framework of the Floquet theory of periodically driven quantum systems, it is demonstrated that irradiation of graphene by a circularly polarized electromagnetic field induces an attractive area in the core of repulsive potentials. Consequently, the quasi-stationary electron states bound by the repulsive potentials appear. The difference between such field-induced states in graphene and usual systems with the parabolic dispersion of electrons is discussed and possible manifestations of these states in electronic transport and optical spectra of graphene are considered.

Novel SOI-Biosensor Topology for the Detection of an Acute Myocardial Infarction Marker - Troponin I.

Unlabelled: A biosensor based on field-effect transistors on silicon-on-insulator structures (SOI-biosensor) is a high-potential device for detection of biological molecules, for instance, such as troponin I; the biosensor allows conducting label-free real-time analysis. is the development of SOI-biosensor design for detection of acute myocardial infarction marker - troponin I. A notable feature of this design was the integration of two grounding electrodes directly onto the biosensor surface, which effectively nullified the static potential of the liquid sample and minimized physical breakdowns of biosensor elements.

Unraveling the Liver-Brain Axis: Resveratrol's Modulation of Key Enzymes in Stress-Related Anxiety.

Stress-related anxiety disorders and anxiety-like behavior in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with altered neurocircuitry pathways, neurotransmitter systems, and the activities of monoamine and glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzymes. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychiatric properties. Previous studies suggest that resveratrol reduces anxiety-like behavior in animal PTSD models by downregulating key enzymes such as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs).

Temperature Dependence of the Sensitivity of PVDF Pyroelectric Sensors to THz Radiation: Towards Cryogenic Applications.

The application of terahertz (THz) science in industrial technology and scientific research requires efficient THz detectors. Such detectors should be able to operate under various external conditions and conform to existing geometric constraints in the required application. Pyroelectric THz detectors are among the best candidates.

Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed the rSNPs Potentially Involved in T2DM Pathogenic Mechanism and Metformin Response.

The goal of our study was to identify and assess the functionally significant SNPs with potentially important roles in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or their effect on individual response to antihyperglycemic medication with metformin. We applied a bioinformatics approach to identify the regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) associated with allele-asymmetric binding and expression events in our paired ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of nine healthy individuals. The rSNP outcomes were analyzed using public data from the GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx).

Electrodeposition of porous metal-organic frameworks for efficient charge storage.

Efficient charge storage is a key requirement for a range of applications, including energy storage devices and catalysis. Metal-organic frameworks are potential materials for efficient charge storage due to their self-supported three-dimensional design. MOFs are high surface area materials made up of coordination of appropriate amounts of metal ions and organic linkers, hence used in various applications.

Comprehensive Review on the Impact of Chemical Composition, Plasma Treatment, and Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Irradiation on the Electrical Properties of Organosilicate Films.

Organosilicate glass (OSG) films are a critical component in modern electronic devices, with their electrical properties playing a crucial role in device performance. This comprehensive review systematically examines the influence of chemical composition, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation, and plasma treatment on the electrical properties of these films. Through an extensive survey of literature and experimental findings, we elucidate the intricate interplay between these factors and the resulting alterations in electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and breakdown strength of OSG films.

Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer with Pendant Thioxanthenone Groups as Active Layer for Resistive Memory Devices.

An electro-active copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2-((4-acroylpiperazine-1-yl)methyl)-9H-thioxanthene-9-one (poly(MMA-co-ThS)) was synthesized by radical polymerization. The copolymer has good solubility in most organic solvents, thermal stability up to 282 °C and excellent ability to form thin films on silicon wafers. Poly(MMA-co-ThS) films exhibited an electrochemical and electrochromic activity resulting in the formation of long-lived radical anion states of pendant thioxanthone groups inside the film.

Novel Bacillus and Prestia isolates from Dwarf century plant enhance crop yield and salinity tolerance.

Soil salinity is a major environmental stressor impacting global food production. Staple crops like wheat experience significant yield losses in saline environments. Bioprospecting for beneficial microbes associated with stress-resistant plants offers a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture.

Measurement of the Pion Form Factor with CMD-3 Detector and Its Implication to the Hadronic Contribution to Muon (g-2).

The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-} has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000.

GNSS-Based Narrow-Angle UV Camera Targeting: Case Study of a Low-Cost MAD Robot.

One of the key challenges in Multi-Spectral Automatic Diagnostic (MAD) robot design is the precise targeting of narrow-angle cameras on a specific part of the equipment. The paper shows that a low-cost MAD robot, whose navigation system is based on open-source ArduRover firmware and a pair of low-cost Ublox F9P GNSS receivers, can inspect the 8 × 4 degree ultraviolet camera bounding the targeting error within 0.5 degrees.

Dynamic Changes in Circulating Methylated Markers in Response to Antitumor Therapy of Rectal Cancer.

Background: Rectal cancer (RC) occupies a leading position in the structure of oncological morbidity and mortality. Aberrant methylation of tumor-suppressor genes and hypomethylation of retrotransposons were shown to be detectable in cell-free DNA, circulating in the blood (cfDNA) of cancer patients, indicating the possibility to use them as diagnostic and prognosis markers.

Purpose: Evaluation of the changes in the methylation level of LINE-1 elements and SEPTIN9 and IKZF1 genes in the cell-surface-bound cfDNA (csb-cfDNA) from the blood of RC patients after antitumor therapy at a long-term follow-up.

Reliability Study of Metal-Oxide Semiconductors in Integrated Circuits.

This paper is devoted to the study of CMOS IC parameter degradation during reliability testing. The paper presents a review of literature data on the issue of the reliability of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits and the types of failures leading to the degradation of IC parameters. It describes the tests carried out on the reliability of controlled parameters of integrated circuit TPS54332, such as quiescent current, quiescent current in standby mode, resistance of the open key, and instability of the set output voltage in the whole range of input voltages and in the whole range of load currents.

Restoration of and Caused the Elimination of sp. in a Model of Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease involving the interaction of the gut microbiota, genes, host immunity, and environmental factors. Dysbiosis in IBD is associated with pathobiont proliferation, so targeted antibiotic therapy is a rational strategy. When restoring the microbiota with probiotics, it is necessary to take into account the mutual influence of co-cultivated microorganisms, as the microbiota is a dynamic community of species that mediates homeostasis and physiological processes in the intestine.

Binding of Natural Antibodies Generated after COVID-19 and Vaccination with Individual Peptides Corresponding to the SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein.

The rapid development of vaccines is a crucial objective in modern biotechnology and molecular pharmacology. In this context, conducting research to expedite the selection of a potent immunogen is imperative. The candidate vaccine should induce the production of antibodies that can recognize the immunogenic epitopes of the target protein, resembling the ones found in recovered patients.

Volumetric Modification of Transparent Materials with Two-Color Laser Irradiation: Insight from Numerical Modeling.

Traditionally, single-color laser beams are used for material processing and modifications of optical, mechanical, conductive, and thermal properties of different materials. So far, there are a limited number of studies about the dual-wavelength laser irradiation of materials, which, however, indicate a strong enhancement in laser energy coupling to solid targets. Here, a theoretical study is reported that aimed at exploring the volumetric excitation of fused silica with dual-wavelength (800 nm and 400 nm) ultrashort laser pulses focused on the material's bulk.