Effect of Inducers and Inhibitors of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE System on the Viability and Functional Activity of Model Neuronal-Like and Glial Cells.

On mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) and human glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cell lines, we studied the effect of inducers and inhibitors of redox-sensitive signaling system of the antioxidant-responsive element Keap1/Nrf2/ARE on the main processes that determine nerve cell viability and vital activity (proliferative activity, apoptosis, autophagy, and activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system). Inhibitors of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system stimulate apoptosis more pronouncedly than inducers, have a weaker effect on autophagy, and do not change the nuclear to cytoplasmic Nrf2 ratio. In general, the revealed effects testify in favor of the potential effectiveness of stimulating the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system for the prevention and adjuvant therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

Component Composition and Biological Activity of Oleo-Gum Resin from Boswellia serrata (Burseraceae).

The review summarizes the published data on identification of biologically active compounds (BACs) and the pharmacological potential of various components of oleo-gum resin from the Indian frankincense Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Boswellia oleo-gum resin contains a wide range of BACs from the classes of mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes.

Protective Effect of a New Monophenolic Antioxidant TS-13 in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

The development of means of the prevention and treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, as well as geroprotectors, among other things, is based on the inflammatory and free radical theories of aging. In this context, we studied the effect of sodium monophenol 3-(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propyl thiosulfonate (TS-13) on the behavioral and locomotor activity of C57BL/6 mice in modeling Parkinson's disease by MPTP neurotoxin injection. TS-13 administration significantly improved orientation and exploratory activity and emotional response of the animals in the open field test, but did not affect the increase in anxiety caused by MPTP injection.

Comparative characteristics of developing morphofunctional features of schoolchildren from different climatic and geographical regions.

Objectives: Adaptation processes in body of schoolchildren, along with study load and social factors, are determined by influence of climatic and geographical factors of residence region. This research has been undertaken to study the morphofunctional characteristics of schoolchildren at the age of 7-17 years.

Methods: The research involved 880 schoolchildren of both sexes in age from 7 to 17 years, studying in secondary school №22 in Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) and secondary school №7 in Kyzylorda (Kazakhstan).

Modeling of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats with a High Dose of Testosterone.

In order to optimize the testosterone model of benign prostatic hyperplasia, we studied the effect of castration and different doses of testosterone on the induction of the proliferative process in the prostate of Wistar rats. It was shown that 4-week subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate in a dose of 20 mg/kg causes pronounced proliferative and hemodynamic disorders in the dorsolateral gland morphologically similar in castrated and non-castrated males. Administration of testosterone in a dose of 3 mg/kg had no significant effect on the dynamics of the pathological process in non-operated rats and normalized the structure of the gland in castrated animals.

Russian adolescent mental health in 2002, 2015 and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.

Background: Adolescent mental health is a global concern, however, time trends and the COVID-19-related restrictions vary across countries. This study examined changes in adolescent mental health and substance use in Russia between 2002, 2015 and during the pandemic in 2021.

Methods: Cross-sectional school-based surveys of 12- to 18-year-olds were carried out in a Siberian city in 2002 (N = 713), 2015 (N = 840) and 2021 (N = 721) using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, data on tobacco, alcohol and drug use and socio-demographic information.

Antioxidant Activity of New Sulphur- and Selenium-Containing Analogues of Potassium Phenosan against HO-Induced Cytotoxicity in Tumour Cells.

Among known phenolic antioxidants, the overwhelming majority of compounds have lipophilic properties and the number of known water-soluble compounds is very small. The list of hydrophilic phenolic antioxidants can be expanded via the synthesis of a structurally related series of polyfunctional compounds for further research on their biological activity in vitro. New sulphur- and selenium-containing analogues of antioxidant potassium phenosan were synthesised.

Parameters of Ionic and Acid-Base Balance during Assist Circulation with a LVAD Disc Pump.

In chronic experiments on calves, the effect of the left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) technique by using a disc pump on the indicators of ionic and acid-base homeostasis. At blood velocity of 20% from the total volume, a trend towards an increase in K concentration and a slight decrease in the concentration of Na, pH, and standard base excess in animal plasma were observed. If the blood velocity increased up to 90%, the indicators of ionic and acid-base homeostasis returned to their baseline values.

Correlation between Structural Transformations in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and the Levels MicroRNA during Polychemotherapy of Breast Cancer.

We studied interrelationships between the cytoarchitectonics of the mesenteric lymph node and the levels of microRNA-21, microRNA-221/222, and microRNA-429 in the lymph, blood serum, and breast tissues in female Wistar rats with chemically induced breast cancer. After polychemotherapy, significant correlations were found between miRNA-221 and the number of lymphoblasts in the germinal centers and between miRNA-222 and the number of lymphoblasts in the germinal centers and macrophages in the medullary cords of the mesenteric lymph nodes.

The physiological reaction of Siberian hamsters (, Cricetidae) to chemical signals of perspective mating partners before and during courtship.

In this investigation we assessed the physiological reaction of hamsters in response to chemical signals from potential sexual partners, and also after a private meeting with them, which allowed us to ascertain the type of mating system for this species. The reception of olfactory signals led to an increase in peroxidase activity in the blood for both sexes, indicative of activity of a non-specific line of immune defense in recipients. The increase in blood cortisol level in response to the chemical signals of a partner was only observed in females.

[Cross-cultural strategies analysis of hygienic expertise in education].

The article presents an overview of the problem of strategies for hygienic expertise in education. The purpose of the article is to identify special formats of strategies for hygienic expertise in education from the perspective of modern practices of cross-cultural analysis based on a review of a sample of sources in the WoS and Scopus databases of domestic and foreign science. The research is based on the methodology of cross-cultural approach; the research used methods of analytical review of publications (WoS, Scopus, RSCI databases), interpretation, contextual analysis, statistical methods, which made it possible to study special formats of strategies for hygienic expertise in education and identify the specifics of the interpretation of hygienic expertise in modern domestic and foreign studies.

5-Aryl-2-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4-imidazole 3-Oxides and Their Redox Species: How Antioxidant Activity of 1-Hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-1-imidazoles Correlates with the Stability of Hybrid Phenoxyl-Nitroxides.

Cyclic nitrones of the imidazole series, containing a sterically hindered phenol group, are promising objects for studying antioxidant activity; on the other hand, they can form persistent hybrid phenoxyl-nitroxyl radicals (HPNs) upon oxidation. Here, a series of 5-aryl-4,4-dimethyl-4-imidazole 3-oxides was obtained by condensation of aromatic 2-hydroxylaminoketones with 4-formyl-2,6-dialkylphenols followed by oxidation of the initially formed -hydroxy derivatives. It was shown that the antioxidant activity of both 1-hydroxy-2,5-dihydroimidazoles and 4-imidazole 3-oxides increases with a decrease in steric volume of the alkyl substituent in the phenol group, while the stability of the corresponding HPNs generated from 4-imidazole 3-oxides reveals the opposite tendency.

[Oxidative stress in aging.].

The free-radical theory of aging, advanced more than 50 years ago by D.Harman, remains popular today. The review analyzes age-related changes in the main endogenous mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Morphological Assessment of Prostatotropic Activity of (3,5-Dimethyl-4-Hydroxy)Benzyl Thiododecane on a Model of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats.

Prostatotropic activity of (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy)benzyl thiododecane (T-DD) was evaluated on a model of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced in Wistar rats by chronic (2 months) intraperitoneal administration of sulpiride (40 mg/kg). Morphometric analysis of the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate showed that after the 2-month course of intragastric T-DD (100 mg/kg) administered in parallel with sulpiride, the volume density of glandular epithelium decreased by 1.7 times, while the volume density of prostate stroma increased by 2 times.

Excipient-free isoniazid aerosol administration in mice: Evaporation-nucleation particle generation, pulmonary delivery and body distribution.

Excipient-free isoniazid aerosol formation and pulmonary delivery in mice are studied. An evaporation-nucleation route is used for the generation of isoniazid aerosol. Particle diameters and number concentrations are measured with an aerosol spectrometer consisting of a diffusion battery, condensation chamber, and photoelectric counter.

Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidant TS-13 Suppresses the Growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma and Potentiates Oncolytic Effect of Doxorubicin.

ROS are important intracellular messengers; their ambiguous role in malignant processes was demonstrated in many studies. The effects of a synthetic phenolic antioxidant sodium 3-(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propyl thiosulfonate sodium (TS-13) on the tumor growth and oncolytic properties of doxorubicin were studied in the experimental model of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. In mice receiving TS-13 with drinking water (100 mg/kg), suppression of tumor growth by 32.

[Expression of miR-21 and Its Acat1, Armcx1, and Pten Target Genes in Liver of Female Rats Treated with DDT and Benzo[a]pyrene].

MiR-21 is the most studied cancer-promoting oncomiR, which target numerous tumor suppressor genes associated with proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Here we have studied the synthesis of miR-21 and quantified the mRNA and protein levels for miR-21 potential target genes, i.e.

Changes in the Structure of the Thymus under Conditions of Various Treatments for Experimental Mammary Tumor.

Morphological changes in the thymus of female Wistar rats with experimental mammary gland carcinomas were studied. After adjuvant therapy, the area of the cortical matter and density of parenchymal cells in the thymus decreased, while areas of the medulla, connective tissue, and content of immunoblasts and macrophages increased. In the thymuses of rats receiving exogenous DNA, morphological signs of activation of the lymphoid and epithelial components were found: areas of the cortex and medulla, glandular and connective tissue corresponded to the values in intact animals, the counts of lymphocytes in the central part of the cortical matter and of macrophages in all zones of the thymus increased, and lymphocyte migration from the thymus increased (in comparison with the chemotherapy group).

Audiovisual Stimulation Modulates Physical Performance and Biochemical and Hormonal Status of Athletes.

We studied the effect of audiovisual stimulation training course on physical development, functional state of the cardiovascular system, blood biochemical parameters, and hormonal status of athletes. The training course led to improvement of physical performance and adaptive capacities of the circulatory system, increase in plasma levels of total protein, albumin, and glucose and total antioxidant activity, and decrease in triglyceride, lipase, total bilirubin, calcium, and phosphorus. The concentration of hormones (cortisol, thyrotropin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine) also decreased under these conditions.

[Effect of xenobiotics on microRNA expression in rat liver].

Using bioinformatics analysis we selected microRNAs which could bind 3'-UTR-region of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. Three microRNA miR-21, -221, -222, their potential targets might be mRNA for CYP1A1, and two microRNA miR-143, miR-152 for CYP2B1 accordingly were selected for experimental verification. Expression level of these microRNAs in rat liver upon benzo(a)pyrene (BP), phenobarbital (PB), and DDT induction was determined using RT-qPCR method.

Anti-inflammatory activity of TS-13, ARE-inducing phenol antioxidant.

The protective effect of water-soluble TS-13 monophenol inducing the antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) system was studied on the models of acute inflammation. Intragastric administration of TS-13 to rats significantly reduced the severity of acute aseptic inflammation induced by intravenous injection of zymosan particles: granulocyte blood count and volume density of infiltrates in the liver decreased on day 3, spontaneous production of activated oxygen metabolites and respiratory burst in blood granulocytes decreased on days 2 and 3. A single dose of TS-13 improved survival of mice with endotoxin shock induced by intraperitoneal injection of E.

Protective effect of ARE-inducing phenol antioxidant TS-13 in chronic inflammation.

The protective effect of partially substituted monophenol TS-13 inducing the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling system was studied on the model of chronic inflammation in vivo. It was found that during simulation of inflammation in an air pouch lined with synovial-like membrane, TS-13 did not affect the exudate volume, protein content, and cell count, but significantly reduced the intensity of oxidative metabolism in leukocytes of the exudate. In rheumatoid polyarthritis induced by heterologous collagen, TS-13 reduced the severity of clinical signs of inflammation only at the early stages, but inhibited H2O2 generation by monocytes and, partially, by blood neutrophils.

Combination of methods for in vitro study of antioxidant properties of chemical compounds.

We proposed a combination of methods to study antioxidant properties of compounds, including evaluation of the capacity of the test preparations to inhibit peroxidation of unsaturated lipids (in model systems with oxidation of ethyl oleate; aqueous emulsion medium) and low-density lipoproteins (in the presence of transition metal ions), generation of superoxide anion radical (system of lucigenin, xanthine oxidase, and xanthine) and NO(*)/ONOO(-) (system of SIN-1 and lucigenin), and induction of respiratory burst in blood granulocytes (luminol-induced and lucigenin-induced reaction after zymosan stimulation). In vitro study showed that the antioxidant properties of synthetic water-soluble phenols depend strongly on masking of the phenol OH group and nature of the ionogenic fragment in the p-propyl substituent.

Use of primary human fetal chondroblast culture for xenotransplantation into rat articular cartilage defect.

The possibility of xenotransplantation of human fetal chondroblasts was studied. Filling of the rat articular cartilage defect with a tissue-engineering construction based on primary culture of human fetal chondroblasts and chitosan gel caused no immune rejection over 60 days and provided the formation of organotypical regenerate due to proliferation and differentiation of donor fetal chondroblasts and their integration in the recipient cartilage tissue.

Study of morphofunctional peculiarities of fibroblasts isolated from human vertebral growth plates during in vitro culturing.

We studied structural and functional peculiarities of growth zone chondroblasts isolated from human fetal spines on gestation week 12 and cultured in vitro over 4 passages. The morphology of chondroblasts of different differentiation degree was described. It was found that the population of chondroblasts had certain features determined by changes in the relative content of cells of different differentiation degree.