A randomized double-blind noninferiority clinical multicenter trial on oral moxifloxacin versus placebo in the outpatient treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: APPAC IV study protocol.

Background: Antibiotic therapy is currently considered a safe and effective treatment alternative for computed tomography (CT)-confirmed uncomplicated acute appendicitis with recent studies reporting good results on both oral antibiotics only and outpatient management. Furthermore, there are promising pilot results on uncomplicated acute appendicitis management with symptomatic treatment (placebo). This trial aims to assess whether both antibiotics and hospitalization can be safely omitted from the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis.

Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck: A report of five cases.

Introduction And Importance: Canal of Nuck hydrocele is a rare condition in females. Due to mild symptoms, it may be neglected, leading to complications, including infection and bleeding. The rarity of this condition, coupled with its potential for adverse outcomes, necessitates a high index of suspicion among treating surgeons to diagnose and promptly manage the case.

Ileal perforation peritonitis secondary to accidental ingestion of a chicken bone: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Ileal perforation is a rare but serious condition that can arise from accidental ingestion of foreign objects. This report discusses an unusual case of ileal perforation peritonitis caused by ingestion of a chicken bone.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old male presented with acute generalized abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting for three days.

Atypical case of tuberous sclerosis with isolated neurologic findings: A case report.

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder. This case highlights rare isolated neurologic finding in a TSC patient emphasizing the need for heightened suspicion even in the absence of any cutaneous findings and family history.

Atypical Aggressive Hemangioma of Thoracic Vertebrae Associated With Thoracic Myelopathy-A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Aggressive thoracic hemangiomas are rare, benign tumors that extend into the spinal canal and cause neurological symptoms. Delayed diagnosis and treatment, due to a paucity of literature on optimal treatment strategies, can increase morbidity. This case report describes a 19-year-old male patient with aggressive thoracic hemangioma who presented with upper back pain and progressive weakness of the lower extremities.

Novel insights into tumorigenesis revealed by molecular analysis of Lynch syndrome cases with multiple colorectal tumors.

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant multi-organ cancer syndrome with a high lifetime risk of cancer. The number of cumulative colorectal adenomas in LS does not generally exceed ten, and removal of adenomas via routine screening minimizes the cancer burden. However, abnormal phenotypes may mislead initial diagnosis and subsequently cause suboptimal treatment.

Encysted spermatic cord hydrocele: A case series.

Introduction And Importance: Encysted spermatic cord hydrocele is a rare anomaly characterized by obstruction of processus vaginalis closure. Clinically, it presents as a swelling in the inguinal region extending to the upper scrotum and does not communicate with the peritoneal cavity. It is often mistaken for indirect inguinal hernias, inguinal lymphadenopathy, undescended testis, and primary tumors of the cord in infants and children, making the diagnosis challenging.

Bipolar fracture of clavicle mimicking fracture dislocation of sternoclavicular joint: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Bipolar fractures involving segmental fractures of the lateral and proximal clavicles are exceptionally rare, with only isolated cases documented in the literature. Such fractures may easily be overlooked during the initial presentation.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 35-year-old male with deformation in the middle segment of the clavicle following a road traffic accident (RTA).

Isolated pancreatic injury following blunt trauma in a seven-year-old girl: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Isolated pancreatic injury following blunt abdominal trauma is rare, and the absence of definite clinical signs and symptoms may delay diagnosis and management.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a seven-year-old girl with a history of progressive, periumbilical abdominal pain and multiple episodes of non-bilious, non-blood mixed vomiting following a road traffic accident. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed an isolated grade three pancreatic injury managed conservatively.

Suprapatellar tibial fracture nailing is associated with lower rate for acute compartment syndrome and the need for fasciotomy compared with the infrapatellar approach.

Background: Intramedullary tibial nailing (IMN) is the gold standard for stabilizing tibial shaft fractures. IMN can be performed through an infra- or suprapatellar approach.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the rate of fasciotomies for acute compartment syndrome between infra- and suprapatellar approaches.

Cavernous hemangioma of the breast: a case report.

Background: Hemangioma is a common benign tumor resulting from abnormal blood vessel growth but is infrequent in the breast. Preoperatively, it is challenging to diagnose breast hemangioma using clinical and conventional imaging modalities because of their lack of pathognomonic characteristics. An excisional biopsy can be used for tissue diagnosis in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.

Does the absence or presence of sleep spindles on EEG have prognostic value for cognitive outcome in children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome? A systematic literature review.

Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) is an epileptic encephalopathy in childhood that affects infants under the age of two years. When spasm series occur, prognosis for cognitive outcome is poor in the majority of cases. The encephalopathy in IESS includes delayed maturation of normal sleep phenomena in the EEG, such as sleep spindles.

A solitary osteochondroma of the sixth cervical spine: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Osteochondromas, the most common benign tumors of the appendicular skeleton, are uncommonly found in the spine. Although the cervical spine is the most frequent location of spinal osteochondromas, the lower cervical spine is less commonly affected.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 16-year-old female adolescent who presented with a hard palpable mass over the nape of the neck more toward the right side associated with non-radiating pain for 3 years.

Bilateral hydrocele of the canal of Nuck: A case report.

Introduction: The hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is a rare cause of bilateral inguino-labial swelling. Due to its rarity, lack of clinician knowledge regarding this entity, and paucity of relevant literature, it can be misdiagnosed and often mistreated.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a two-year-old female with bilateral inguino-labial swelling who was diagnosed with a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck based on history and clinical examination.

Tumor-independent Detection of Inherited Mismatch Repair Deficiency for the Diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome with High Specificity and Sensitivity.

Unlabelled: Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary cancer syndrome. Early diagnosis improves prognosis and reduces health care costs, through existing cancer surveillance methods. The problem is finding and diagnosing the cancer predisposing genetic condition.

Spontaneous splenic pseudocyst: Case report of a rare entity.

Splenic cysts are classified on the basis of epithelial lining, either primary or secondary. Primary cysts are further divided as parasitic and nonparasitic. The secondary cysts are usually post traumatic or after a splenic extension of pancreatic pseudocyst.

Lynch Syndrome Genetics and Clinical Implications.

Lynch syndrome (LS) is one of the most prevalent hereditary cancer syndromes in humans and accounts for some 3% of unselected patients with colorectal or endometrial cancer and 10%-15% of those with DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Previous studies have established the genetic basis of LS predisposition, but there have been significant advances recently in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of LS tumors, which has important implications in clinical management. At the same time, immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers with DNA mismatch repair defects.

The association between appendicitis severity and patient age with appendiceal neoplasm histology-a population-based study.

Purpose: Recent studies have reported alarming appendiceal tumor rates associated with complicated acute appendicitis, especially in patients presenting with a periappendicular abscess. However, the data on histology of appendiceal tumors among acute appendicitis patients is limited, especially in patient cohorts differentiating between uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis. We have previously reported the association of increased appendiceal tumor prevalence with complicated acute appendicitis in this population-based study.

Intraocular lens implantation in the absence of capsular support: scleral-fixated vs retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lenses.

Cataract surgery via phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) placement in the capsular bag is the gold standard in the presence of adequate capsular support. However, when capsule and/or zonular fibers are weak or absent, alternate fixation strategies are required. Common alternative options include retropupillary iris-claw IOLs (RP-IC IOLs) and scleral-fixated IOLs (SF IOLs).