Facilitators and barriers to asylum seeker and refugee oral health care access: a qualitative systematic review.

Objectives Asylum seekers and refugees (ASRs) encounter barriers when accessing oral health care (OHC). A qualitative systematic review was conducted to understand the perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and experiences of ASRs regarding their OHC. Themes were extracted to identify the barriers and facilitators ASRs face when accessing OHC.

New insights into the characterization of the mechanism of action of hyoscine butylbromide in the human colon ex vivo.

Introduction: Hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) is one of the most used antispasmodics in clinical practice. Recent translational consensus has demonstrated a similarity between human colonic motor patterns studied ex vivo and in vivo, suggesting ex vivo can predict in vivo results. It is unclear whether the mechanism of action of antispasmodics can predict different use in clinical practice.

Substantial cost savings of ultrasound-based management over magnetic resonance imaging-based management in an inflammatory bowel disease service.

Background: Imaging is used to monitor disease activity in small bowel Crohn's disease (CD). Magnetic Resonance Enterography is often employed as a first modality in the United Kingdom for assessment and monitoring; however, waiting times, cost, patient burden and limited access are significant. It is as yet uncertain if small bowel intestinal ultrasound (IUS) may be a quicker, more acceptable, and cheaper alternative for monitoring patients with CD.

Patient and health professional views on risk-stratified monitoring of immune-suppressing treatment in adults with inflammatory diseases.

Objective: To explore the acceptability of an individualised risk-stratified approach to monitoring for target-organ toxicity in adult patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases established on immune-suppressing treatment(s).

Methods: Adults (≥18 years) taking immune-suppressing treatment(s) for at-least six months, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) with experience of either prescribing and/or monitoring immune-suppressing drugs were invited to participate in a single, remote, one-to-one, semi-structured interview. Interviews were conducted by a trained qualitative researcher and explored their views and experiences of current monitoring and acceptability of a proposed risk-stratified monitoring plan.

An optimized short-term steroid therapy for chronic drug-induced liver injury: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aims: The use of corticosteroids in chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important issue. Our previous randomized controlled trial showed that patients with chronic DILI benefited from a 48-week steroid stepwise reduction (SSR) regimen. However, it remains unclear whether a shorter course of therapy can achieve similar efficacy.

The impact of heat treatment of bovine milk on gastric emptying and nutrient appearance in peripheral circulation in healthy females: a randomized controlled trial comparing pasteurized and ultra-high temperature milk.

Background: Heat treatments of dairy, including pasteurization and ultra-high temperature (UHT) processing, alter milk macromolecular structures, and ultimately affect digestion. In vitro, animal, and human studies show faster nutrient release or circulating appearance after consuming UHT milk (UHT-M) compared with pasteurized milk (PAST-M), with a faster gastric emptying (GE) rate proposed as a possible mechanism.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of milk heat treatment on GE as a mechanism of faster nutrient appearance in blood.

Ethnicity and socio-economic status affects the incidence and survival of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma.

To address the lack of contemporary population-based epidemiological studies of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL), we undertook a population-based study of ICD-O-3-coded HSTCL in England. We used the National Cancer Registration Dataset and linked datasets on hospital admissions, Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy, socio-demographics, comorbidities and death, identifying cases from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019 with survival data up to 5 January 2021. Crude and directly age-standardised incidence rates per million persons per year were calculated.

Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus core antibodies: The importance of confirmatory testing and initial implication for rare blood donor groups.

Background And Objectives: Exclusion of blood donors with hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibodies (anti-HBc) prevents transfusion-transmitted HBV infection but can lead to significant donor loss. As isolated anti-HBc positivity does not always indicate true past HBV infection, we have investigated the effectiveness of confirmatory anti-HBc testing and the representation of rare blood groups in anti-HBc-positive donors.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred ninety-seven HBV surface antigen-negative and anti-HBc initially reactive blood donor samples were tested by five different anti-HBc assays.

Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury using MRI.

There has been growing interest in using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to describe and understand the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). The ability to assess kidney blood flow, perfusion, oxygenation, and changes in tissue microstructure at repeated timepoints is hugely appealing, as this offers new possibilities to describe nature and severity of AKI, track the time-course to recovery or progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and may ultimately provide a method to noninvasively assess response to new therapies. This could have significant clinical implications considering that AKI is common (affecting more than 13 million people globally every year), harmful (associated with short and long-term morbidity and mortality), and currently lacks specific treatments.

Population-Based Study of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease in England in 2001-2018: Influence of Socioeconomic Position.

Introduction: England has seen an increase in deaths due to alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) since 2001. We studied the influence of socioeconomic position on the incidence of ALD and the mortality after ALD diagnosis in England in 2001-2018.

Methods: This was an observational cohort study based on health records contained within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink covering primary care, secondary care, cause of death registration, and deprivation of neighborhood areas in 18.

'Low' faecal immunochemical test (FIT) colorectal cancer: a 4-year comparison of the Nottingham '4F' protocol with FIT10 in symptomatic patients.

Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes after 'low' (sub-threshold) faecal immunochemical test (FIT) results in symptomatic patients tested in primary care.

Method: This work comprised a retrospective audit of 35 289 patients with FIT results who had consulted their general practitioner with lower gastrointestinal symptoms and had subsequent CRC diagnoses. The Rapid Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis pathway was introduced in November 2017 to allow incorporation of FIT into clinical practice.

Roadmap to DILI research in Europe. A proposal from COST action ProEuroDILINet.

In the current article the aims for a constructive way forward in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) are to highlight the most important priorities in research and clinical science, therefore supporting a more informed, focused, and better funded future for European DILI research. This Roadmap aims to identify key challenges, define a shared vision across all stakeholders for the opportunities to overcome these challenges and propose a high-quality research program to achieve progress on the prediction, prevention, diagnosis and management of this condition and impact on healthcare practice in the field of DILI. This will involve 1.

Risk of alcohol-associated liver disease in the offspring of parents with alcohol-associated liver disease: A nationwide cohort study.

Background And Aims: Offspring of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) may have a higher risk of ALD. We examined their risk of ALD and survival with ALD.

Approach And Results: We used Danish nationwide registries to identify the offspring of patients diagnosed with ALD in 1996-2018 and 20:1 matched comparators from the general population.

Implementation of a liver health check in people with type 2 diabetes.

As morbidity and mortality related to potentially preventable liver diseases are on the rise globally, early detection of liver fibrosis offers a window of opportunity to prevent disease progression. Early detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease allows for initiation and reinforcement of guidance on bodyweight management, risk stratification for advanced liver fibrosis, and treatment optimisation of diabetes and other metabolic complications. Identification of alcohol-related liver disease provides the opportunity to support patients with detoxification and abstinence programmes.

Multiparametric Renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction and Annual Monitoring of the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease over Two Years.

Background: Multiparametric renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive method to assess kidney structure and function, but longitudinal studies are limited.

Methods: A total of 22 patients with CKD category G3-4 (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15-59 mL/min/1.73 m) were recruited.

Precision endoscopy in colorectal polyps' characterization and planning of endoscopic therapy.

Precision endoscopy in the management of colorectal polyps and early colorectal cancer has emerged as the standard of care. It includes optical characterization of polyps and estimation of submucosal invasion depth of large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps to select the appropriate endoscopic resection modality. Over time, several imaging modalities have been implemented in endoscopic practice to improve optical performance.

High incidence of antibiotic resistance amongst isolates of collected in Nottingham, UK, between 2001 and 2018.

is the leading cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The most common treatment regimens use combinations of two or three antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to suppress stomach acid. The World Health Organization designated clarithromycin-resistant as a high priority pathogen for drug development, due to increasing antibiotic resistance globally.

Reproducible microbiome composition signatures of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

The gut microbiome is a significant contributor to mental health, with growing evidence linking its composition to anxiety and depressive disorders. Gut microbiome composition is associated with signs of anxiety and depression both in clinically diagnosed mood disorders and subclinically in the general population and may be influenced by dietary fibre intake and the presence of chronic pain. We provide an update of current evidence on the role of gut microbiome composition in depressive and anxiety disorders or symptoms by reviewing available studies.

Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy.

Pancreatic cysts are common incidental findings, with an estimated prevalence of 13% to 15% in imaging done for other reasons. Diagnosis often relies on collection of cyst fluid, but tissue sampling using micro-forceps may allow for a more reliable diagnosis and higher yield of DNA for next-generation sequencing (NGS). The primary aim was to assess the performance of NGS in identifying mucinous cyst.

Cytosponge procedures produce fewer respiratory aerosols and droplets than esophagogastroduodenoscopies.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) are aerosol-generating procedures that may spread respiratory pathogens. We aim to investigate the production of airborne aerosols and droplets during Cytosponge procedures, which are being evaluated in large-scale research studies and National Health Service (NHS)implementation pilots to reduce endoscopy backlogs. We measured 18 Cytosponge and 37 EGD procedures using a particle counter (diameters = 0.