Cambodia's Imminent Graduation from Least Developed Country Status: What Will be the Impact of the TRIPS Agreement on Access to HIV and Hepatitis C Medicines in Cambodia?

Cambodia has experienced exponential economic growth in recent years and is expected to graduate from least developed country (LDC) status within the next decade. Membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) will require Cambodia to grant product and process patents for pharmaceuticals upon LDC graduation. This study aims to measure the impact of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on the price of HIV and hepatitis C medicine in Cambodia once it graduates from LDC status and is obliged to make patents available for pharmaceutical products and processes.

Socioeconomic inequalities in skilled attendance at birth and caesarean section rates in Myanmar 2015-2016: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aims to assess inequalities in skilled birth attendance and utilisation of caesarean section (CS) in Myanmar.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study design.

Setting And Population: We used secondary data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-2016).

Analyzing Primary Healthcare Governance in Indonesia: Perspectives of Community Health Workers.

Background Community-integrated health posts (Posyandu) are crucial for extending primary healthcare across diverse geographical and demographic landscapes in Indonesia. Community health workers (CHWs) currently function as the main service delivery actors for Posyandu. However, Posyandu's performance remains below the standards set by the Ministry of Health.

Telehealth as a Strategy for Health Equity: A Scoping Review of Telehealth in India During and Following the COVID-19 Pandemic for People with Disabilities.

Telehealth in India is growing rapidly and represents a strategy to promote affordable, inclusive, timely and safe access to healthcare. Yet there is a risk that telehealth increases inequity due to the digital divide and existing poor health literacy. A scoping review was conducted to explore use of telehealth in India during and following the COVID-19 pandemic by people with disabilities to inform strategies to increase equity of telehealth for people with disabilities.

Strengthening research capacity of early-mid career researchers: Implementation and evaluation of the Excellence in Non-COmmunicable disease REsearch (ENCORE) program.

High-quality training and networking are pivotal for enhancing the research capacity of early- to mid-career researchers in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Beyond building research skills, these professionals gain valuable insights from interdisciplinary mentorship, networking opportunities, and exposure to diverse cultures and health systems. Despite the significance of such initiatives, their implementation remains underexplored.

Integration of rehabilitation services in primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of health care systems in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Purpose: Integration is a concept that seeks to strengthen the delivery of services to ensure people receive a continuum of care across the health system. We conducted a scoping review to explore how rehabilitation services have been integrated into health systems in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a scoping review using Valentijn's Rainbow Model of Integrated Care (RMIC) as an organising framework.

A comparison of social prescribing approaches across twelve high-income countries.

Background: Social prescribing connects patients with community resources to improve their health and well-being. It is gaining momentum globally due to its potential for addressing non-medical causes of illness while building on existing resources and enhancing overall health at a relatively low cost. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscored the need for policy interventions to address health-related social issues such as loneliness and isolation.

We need to talk about 'bad' resilience.

In this analysis, we argue against seeing health system resilience as an inherently positive concept. The rise in the popularity of health system resilience has led to its increasingly normative framing. We question this widely accepted perspective by examining the underlying assumptions associated with this normative framing of 'good' resilience.

Vulnerabilities and reparative strategies during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period: moving from rhetoric to action.

Maternal outcomes throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period are influenced by interlinked and interdependent vulnerabilities. A comprehensive understanding of how various threats and barriers affect maternal and perinatal health is critical to plan, evaluate and improve maternal health programmes. This paper builds on the introductory paper of the Series on the determinants of maternal health by assessing vulnerabilities during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period.

Towards a better tomorrow: addressing intersectional gender power relations to eradicate inequities in maternal health.

An equity lens to maternal health has typically focused on assessing the differences in coverage and use of healthcare services and critical interventions. While this approach is important, we argue that healthcare experiences, dignity, rights, justice, and well-being are fundamental components of high quality and person-centred maternal healthcare that must also be considered. Looking at differences across one dimension alone does not reflect how fundamental drivers of maternal health inequities-including racism, ethnic or caste-based discrimination, and gendered power relations-operate.

How can countries respond to the health and care workforce crisis? Insights from international evidence.

Future global health security requires a health and care workforce (HCWF) that can respond effectively to health crises as well as to changing health needs with ageing populations, a rise in chronic conditions and growing inequality. COVID-19 has drawn attention to an impending HCWF crisis with a large projected shortfall in numbers against need. Addressing this requires countries to move beyond a focus on numbers of doctors, nurses and midwives to consider what kinds of healthcare workers can deliver the services needed; are more likely to stay in country, in rural and remote areas, and in health sector jobs; and what support they need to deliver high-quality services.

Infertility in the Pacific: A crucial component of the sexual and reproductive health and rights agenda.

Across Pacific Island countries, women and men are disproportionately affected by several risk factors for infertility, including sexually transmissible infections, complications from unsafe abortions, postpartum sepsis, obesity, diabetes, tobacco smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Despite this, little is known about community awareness of infertility, behavioural risk factors, the lived experiences of infertile couples or the contexts in which they access fertility care. In this opinion piece we discuss the current evidence and gaps in evidence regarding infertility in Pacific Island countries and the importance of locally tailored approaches to preventing infertility and the provision of fertility care.

Global trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life years of diabetes attributable to second-hand smoke and the association with smoke-free policies.

Objectives: The diabetic burden attributable to second-hand smoke (SHS) is a global public health challenge. We sought to explore the diabetic burden attributable to SHS by age, sex, and socioeconomic status during 1990-2019 and to evaluate the health benefit of smoke-free policies on this burden.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

The economic consequences of obstetric fistula: A systematic search and narrative review.

Background: Obstetric fistula develops from obstructed labor and is a devastating condition with significant consequences across several domains of a woman's life. This study presents a narrative review of the evidence on the economic consequences of obstetric fistula.

Methods: Three databases were searched, and search results were limited to English language papers published after 2003.

Development of a cross-sectoral antimicrobial resistance capability assessment framework.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent and growing global health concern, and a clear understanding of existing capacities to address AMR, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), is needed to inform national priorities, investment targets and development activities. Across LMICs, there are limited data regarding existing mechanisms to address AMR, including national AMR policies, current infection prevention and antimicrobial prescribing practices, antimicrobial use in animals, and microbiological testing capacity for AMR. Despite the development of numerous individual tools designed to inform policy formulation and implementation or surveillance interventions to address AMR, there is an unmet need for easy-to-use instruments that together provide a detailed overview of AMR policy, practice and capacity.

Scaling a group intervention to promote caregiver mental health in Uttarakhand, India: A mixed-methods implementation study.

Caregivers are integral to health and social care systems in South Asian countries yet are themselves at higher risk of mental illness. Interventions to support caregiver mental health developed in high-income contexts may be contextually inappropriate in the Global South. In this mixed-methods study, we evaluated the implementation and scaling of a locally developed mental health group intervention for caregivers and others in Uttarakhand, India.

E. coli contamination of drinking water sources in rural and urban settings: an analysis of 38 nationally representative household surveys (2014-2021).

The world is not on track to achieve universal access to safely managed water by 2030, and access is substantially lower in rural areas. This Sustainable Development Goal target and many other global indicators rely on the classification of improved water sources for monitoring access. We aimed to investigate contamination in drinking water sources, comparing improved and unimproved sources in urban and rural settings.