Baicalein attenuates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis through the activation of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1.

Baicalein, one of the major active flavonoids found in Scutellaria baicalensis, has been revealed to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties in allergic airway inflammation. This study aimed to explore the role of baicalein and its relevant mechanism in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). The bioinformatics tools were used to predict the targets of baicalein and AR-related genes.

Supraglottoplasty outcomes and peri-operative care in congenital laryngomalacia.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors predicting postoperative ICU admission, the need for orotracheal intubation (OTI), and the occurrence of supraglottic stenosis in children undergoing supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 children (Dear Reviewer, we would have greatly preferred to include a larger sample size. However, as you know, this type of management is rare, and we deliberately selected a 7-year period to ensure a minimum of 30 children while avoiding significant differences in management guidelines over time.

Why Does an "Avatar Nose" Appear After Dermal Filler Injection? Insights From a Cadaveric Study on the Nasofrontal Ligament.

Background: Nonsurgical rhinoplasty (NSR) with dermal fillers has gained popularity because of its immediate and visible results, minimal downtime, and long-lasting effects. However, complications such as filler migration can lead to the development of the "Avatar nose," a condition where the nose appears unnaturally wide and bulbous in the nasion area, disrupting facial harmony. This phenomenon is often exacerbated by the presence of a taut nasofrontal ligament, which tethers the periosteum to the dermal layer and influences nasal contour.

Multicentre study conducted across centres in the USA, Europe and Australia to assess the safety and effectiveness of a bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation system for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in adults: a protocol for a pivotal, multicentre, open-label, single-arm study.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by blood oxygen desaturations and sleep disruptions manifesting undesirable consequences. Existing treatments including oral appliances, positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy and surgically altering the anatomy of the pharynx have drawbacks including poor long-term adherence or often involving irreversible, invasive procedures. Bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is a new treatment for managing OSA, and this study is intended to determine whether an HNS system is a safe and effective treatment option for adults with OSA.

Effectiveness and user experience of nose and throat swabbing techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection: results from the UK COVID-19 National Testing Programme.

Background: The UK's National Health Service Test and Trace (NHSTT) program aimed to provide the most effective and accessible SARS-CoV-2 testing approach possible. Early user feedback indicated that there were accessibility issues associated with throat swabbing. We report the results of service evaluations performed by NHSTT to assess the effectiveness and user acceptance of swabbing approaches, as well as qualitative findings of user experiences from research reports, surveys, and incident reports.

A pilot study comparing three-dimensional models of tumor histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging.

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is often used to provide better visual understanding. This has become an everyday tool especially in medical imaging. However, modeling soft tissue histopathology in 3D is in its early stages, thus making 3D comparison between radiology and histopathology difficult.

The mutational landscape of Staphylococcus aureus during colonisation.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen and a commensal of the human nose and skin. Survival and persistence during colonisation are likely major drivers of S. aureus evolution.

Accuracy (trueness and precision) of 3-dimensional virtual patients: an in vitro investigation of different facial scanners and digital integration techniques.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of different facial scanners and integration approaches on the accuracy of virtual dental patients (VDPs).

Methods: Forty VDPs were generated using a head mannequin and two facial scanners: 1) an industrial scanner and 2) a smartphone scanner. For each scanner, two integration methods were applied: 1) integration by virtual facebow scan and 2) integration by nose-teeth scan.

Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society.

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a concomitant strabismus characterized by sudden onset, mostly associated with diplopia. The prevalence of AACE has significantly increased, and various management approaches have been recommended in recent years. This study by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society aimed to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiology and the nonsurgical and surgical treatment recommendations for the condition to equip strabismus specialists with the most updated knowledge.

Baseline infection prevalence, risk factors and treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis in Northeastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) also known as Kala-azar is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTD) of public health importance. Despite being a disease of a long history, the condition remains poorly studied especially in East Africa. For instance, whereas, the geographical location of the disease is known, there is a stark paucity of data on the burden, risk factors and clinical outcomes of this contribution in Northeastern Uganda.

Efficacy of absorbable vs. non-absorbable patient-specific, 3D-printed implants for the treatment of facial bone fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the efficacy and complication rate of absorbable versus non-absorbable 3D-printed, patient-customized, maxillofacial implants in facial trauma patients.

Data Sources: A comprehensive search of four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) was conducted.

Methods: A systematic review and single-proportion meta-analysis was conducted employing PRISMA guidelines.

Preliminary Development and Validation of Automated Nociception Recognition Using Computer Vision in Perioperative Patients.

Background: Effective pain recognition and treatment in perioperative environments reduce length of stay and decrease risk of delirium and chronic pain. We sought to develop and validate preliminary computer vision-based approaches for nociception detection in hospitalized patients.

Methods: Prospective observational cohort study using red-green-blue camera detection of perioperative patients.

Hearing loss rather than vestibular loss identifies patient subgroups with different outcomes in Meniere's disease.

Objective: This study investigates the relationship between Meniere's disease (MD) duration and both hearing thresholds and vestibular dysfunction.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. First, the relationships between MD duration and pure-tone audiometry thresholds for each frequency, the canal paresis (CP) ratio, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain were analysed.

Topological features of brain functional networks are reorganized during chronic tinnitus: A graph-theoretical study.

This study aimed to investigate the topological properties of brain functional networks in patients with tinnitus of varying durations. A total of 51 tinnitus patients (divided into recent-onset tinnitus (ROT) and persistent tinnitus (PT) groups) and 27 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state functional MRI and audiological assessments.

Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment.

Evaluating the local immune microenvironment of the canine nasal cavity can be important for investigating normal tissue health and disease conditions, particularly those associated with local inflammation. We have optimized a technique to evaluate the local nasal immune microenvironment of dogs via serial nasal lavage. Briefly, with dogs under anesthesia and positioned in sternal recumbency, prewarmed sterile saline is flushed into the affected nostril using a flexible soft rubber catheter.

Detection of odorants in odour mixtures among healthy people and patients with olfactory dysfunction.

Target odorant detection in mixtures has been shown to become more difficult as the number of background odorants increases and falls below chance level in mixtures with 16 components. Our aim was to investigate target odorant detection in mixtures among healthy people and compare it between dysosmic patients and age- and gender-matched controls. Participants underwent extensive olfactory testing and performed two target odorant detection tasks.

Sensory Changes Following the Lateral Nasal Wall Surgery: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this study was to analyze the sensory changes reported by patients after lateral nasal wall surgery and to assess the prevalence and severity of sensory disturbances, the factors that influence their occurrence, and their impact on patients' quality of life. The methodology adopted in this study was PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis), as well as the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) strategy, which assisted in the development of the study's objectives. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, among all the articles retrieved in the searched databases (PubMed and Google Scholar), we selected 15 articles, considered to be pertinent and relevant to the present investigation.

Parental Sociodemographic Characteristics and Bruxism's Risk Factors Among Children: Saudi Arabian Evaluation.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between sleep bruxism (SB) among children and parental sociodemographic characteristics and SB risk factors (eg, nose obstruction).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 250 parents of children under the age of 13 who visited pediatric dental clinics. Data were collected through a questionnaire completed by parents.

Nose to brain strategy coupled to nano vesicular system for natural products delivery: Focus on synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease.

A wide number of natural molecules demonstrated neuroprotective effects on synaptic plasticity defects induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) in and Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, suggesting a possible use in the treatment of this neurodegenerative disorder. However, several compounds, administered parenterally and orally, are unable to reach the brain due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which prevents the passage of external substances, such as proteins, peptides, or phytocompounds, representing a limit to the development of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. The combination of nano vesicular systems, as colloidal systems, and nose to brain (NtB) delivery depicts a new nanotechnological strategy to overtake this limit and to develop new treatment approaches for brain diseases, including the use of natural molecules in combination therapy for AD.

Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for the Intranasal Administration of Dimethyl Fumarate.

Purpose: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), the first-line oral therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, is rapidly metabolized into monomethyl fumarate. The DMF oral administration provokes gastrointestinal discomfort causing treatment withdrawal. The present study aimed to develop an innovative formulation for DMF nasal administration.

Interventions used to reduce infectious aerosol concentrations in hospitals-a review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for improved infectious aerosol concentrations through interventions that reduce the transmission of airborne infections. The aims of this review were to map the existing literature on interventions used to improve infectious aerosol concentrations in hospitals and understand challenges in their implementation.

Methods: We reviewed peer-reviewed articles identified on three databases, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to July 2024.

Exploration of milk flavor: From the perspective of raw milk, pasteurized milk, and UHT milk.

In this study, raw milk was collected from three different grades of pastures and processed by pasteurization, blending and ultra-high temperature sterilization (UHT) in a factory production line with a feed size of 10 tons. Additionally, all samples (from raw milk to UHT milk samples) were analyzed by -nose and GC-MS. Key flavor compounds such as 2-heptanone, hexanal, nonanal, 3-methyl-butanal, and dimethyl sulfide were found.

Tracing the change of the volatile compounds of soy sauce at different fermentation times by PTR-TOF-MS, -nose and GC-MS.

Proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS), combined with electronic nose (-nose), was first used to track the change of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soy sauce in this study. The results showed that 163 VOCs with different mass numbers were identified. Based on the differences in VOCs, the entire fermentation cycle was divided into four stages (0D and 15D; 30D-75D; 90D; 105D-120D).

Clinical Characteristics of Ear Chondroid Syringoma: A Report of 2 Cases and a Literature Review.

Chondroid syringoma, a mixed tumor of the skin, is an acquired hamartoma that differentiates into hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat glands. Chondroid syringoma in the ear region is exceptionally rare. However, we present 2 cases of ear chondroid syringoma: 1 involving multiple lesions in the external auditory canal and the other including a single lesion behind the auricle.

Asymptomatic carriage and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in pre-clinical and clinical medical students.

Medical students are exposed to the hospital environment and patients during their studies, increasing the risk of exposure to virulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students who have varying levels of exposure to the hospital environment to provide valuable insights into the risk of colonization and transmission. Nasal swabs and fingerprints were obtained and cultured on a selective medium for staphylococci.