Cryo-EM structure and oligomerization of the human planar cell polarity core protein Vangl1.

Vangl is a planar cell polarity (PCP) core protein essential for aligned cell orientation along the epithelial plane perpendicular to the apical-basal direction, which is important for tissue morphogenesis, development and collective cell behavior. Mutations in Vangl are associated with developmental defects, including neural tube defects (NTDs), according to human cohort studies of sporadic and familial cases. The complex mechanisms underlying Vangl-mediated PCP signaling or Vangl-associated human congenital diseases have been hampered by the lack of molecular characterizations of Vangl.

Successful Treatment of Rosacea by Trephination combined with Photodynamic Therapy: A case report.

Rosacea is a chronic, inflammatory dermatological condition primarily affecting the central face, including the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead[1]. It presents with erythema, phymatous changes, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. The pathogenesis of rosacea is still unknown.

Nosé-Hoover Integrators at-a-Glance: Barostat Integration Has a Demonstrable Effect on Uniaxial Tension Results of Solid Materials.

Molecular dynamics is a popular method for evaluating the tensile stress behaviors of many nanomaterials; however, few manuscripts include their thermostat and barostat damping parameters along with their methods. Here, we illustrate the demonstrable effect that barostat integration has on system dynamics during uniaxial testing under a Nosé-Hoover scheme. Three systems are tested: a 2D graphene sheet, a 3D continuous aluminum volume, and a 3D discontinuous polyvinyl alcohol volume.

[DiGeorge syndrome with 22q11.2 deletion in a patient of Rarámuri ethnicity].

Background: 22q11 deletion syndrome consists of a variable grouping of phenotypic features and immunological defects secondary to the loss of genetic material located in the 22q11.2 band. The 22q11 deletion spectrum encompasses different syndromes related to the same etiology and with overlapping anomalies, including DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, among others.

Establishment of nasal and olfactory epithelium organoids for unveiling mechanism of tissue regeneration and pathogenesis of nasal diseases.

Organoid is an ideal in vitro model with cellular heterogeneity and genetic stability when passaging. Currently, organoids are exploited as new tools in a variety of preclinical researches and applications for disease modeling, drug screening, host-microbial interactions, and regenerative therapy. Advances have been made in the establishment of nasal and olfactory epithelium organoids that are used to investigate the pathogenesis of smell-related diseases and cellular/molecular mechanism underlying the regeneration of olfactory epithelium.

Exhaled Breath Analysis Using a Novel Electronic Nose for Different Respiratory Disease Entities.

Purpose: Electronic noses (eNose) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are two important breath analysis approaches for differentiating between respiratory diseases. We evaluated the performance of a novel electronic nose for different respiratory diseases, and exhaled breath samples from patients were analyzed by GC-MS.

Materials And Methods: Patients with lung cancer, pneumonia, structural lung diseases, and healthy controls were recruited (May 2019-July 2022).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The olfactory mucosa cells are capable of lifelong neurogenesis providing a viable source of progenitor cells. Olfactory mucosa progenitor cells (OMPCs) have alleviated several cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage markers. OMPCs are safely obtainable from the upper nasal cavity.

Application of Hyaluronic Acid Linear Stereoscopic Stack Volume Enhancement Injection Technique in Nasal Reshaping.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) injection, traditionally used for non-surgical rhinoplasty, is often associated with adverse effects such as increased nasal dorsum width. This study introduces the linear stereoscopic stack volume enhancement (LSSVE) injection technique as a solution for patients with low-profile noses, aiming to improve the nasal dorsum dimension, prevent long-term nasal widening, and address related concerns. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical registry data of patients treated at Shanghai Phiskin Clinic from December 2020 to June 2024, who received HA injections using the LSSVE technique.

Nasal Septal Abscesses: A Systematic Review.

Background: Nasal septal abscesses (NSA) necessitate prompt recognition and management to prevent morbidity and long-term sequelae. To date, no comprehensive review of NSA alone has been conducted.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the presentation and management of NSA and determine patients at risk of sequelae.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Longitudinal population-based studies have consistently revealed an expedited cognitive decline in the elderly population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Additionally, there is a documented increased risk of developing vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in individuals with DM2. Conversely, recent research has pointed to metformin (MET), a widely prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), potentially mitigating age-related cognitive dysfunction (Madhu et al.

Single versus double stapled anastomosis in natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) laparoscopic anterior resection.

Background: Laparoscopic anterior resection (LAR) with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction (NOSE) has shown benefits such as reduced pain, fewer wound complications, and improved cosmesis. In colorectal anastomosis during NOSE, double staple anastomosis (DSA) and triple stapled technique (TSA) are common. However, a novel single stapled anastomosis (SSA) technique, utilising two laparoscopically placed purse strings and only four 5 mm ports, has emerged.

Factors Associated with Recurrent Emergency Department Visits for Epistaxis in Adults, Cross Sectional Study in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction And Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of recurrent and active epistaxis in adult patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) and explored the association of recurrent epistaxis with demographic characteristics, comorbidities and medications, and types of emergency interventions in adult epistaxis patients.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with data from Eds of two tertiary hospitals over three years, from January 2019 to January 2022. All adult patients aged ≥18 years with active epistaxis not resolved by pressure on the nose or head positioning were included.

Predictive factors for severe epistaxis in a tertiary center of Tunisia.

Introduction: Epistaxis is a prevalent clinical condition that can be associated with significant morbidity and places a considerable burden on the healthcare system.

Aim: To ascertain the prevalence of epistaxis in our center and to identify the predictive factors of severity.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analytical study of patients who presented to and/or were admitted for epistaxis at our department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) during the period from January 2015 to December 2022.

Chronic Rhinitis Surgery: Association Between Preoperative Severity and Response Rate.

Background: The success rate of chronic rhinitis surgery varies depending on the patients' factor and surgical method. While outcomes for nasal obstruction differ, the association between preoperative severity of other rhinitis symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching, measured via the reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) remains unevaluated.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the response rate to surgical treatment of chronic rhinitis and preoperative severity.

Alendronate partially rescues the periodontal defects in OIM mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a fairly common generalized connective disorder characterized by low bone mass, bone deformities and impaired bone quality that predisposes affected individuals to musculoskeletal fragility. Periodontal ligament (PDL)-alveolar bone and PDL-cementum entheses' roles under OI conditions during physiological loading and orthodontic forces remain largely unknown. In addition, bisphosphonates (e.

Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty on Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Life: A Prospective Study Using FACE-Q.

Introduction: Non-surgical alternatives to rhinoplasty are gaining interest but, despite its popularity, research on the long-term psychological impact and post-rhinofiller patients' satisfaction is limited. This study evaluates patient-reported satisfaction and quality of life immediately after and 6 months post-non-surgical rhinoplasty using the FACE-Q questionnaire.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study was conducted from May 2023 to March 2024, involving 83 patients who underwent rhinofiller treatments for esthetic purposes.

A randomized comparison of bencycloquidium bromide, mometasone furoate and a combination for persistent allergic rhinitis.

Background: Moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) poses a substantial socioeconomic burden.

Objectives: We aimed to establish the superiority of bencycloquidium bromide (BCQB) nasal spray and BCQB combined with mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) over MFNS alone in adults with moderate-to-severe persistent AR.

Methods: In this multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial (NCT05038202), adults with moderate-to-severe persistent AR were randomly assigned to receive the BCQB, MFNS, or a combination treatment, for 4-week periods.

Impact of posterior septectomy on olfaction in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.

Background: Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is widely used to resect pituitary adenomas, yet its impact on olfactory function after resection of the posterosuperior nasal septum remains a concern. To optimize surgical techniques to preserve olfactory function, it is essential to understand the relationship between the extent of septal resection and olfactory outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 295 patients who underwent pituitary adenoma surgery.

Nanosystems at Nexus: Navigating Nose-to-Brain Delivery for Glioblastoma Treatment.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered to be one of the most devastating brain tumors with a shorter life expectancy. Several factors contribute to the dismal prognosis of GBM patients including the complicated nature of GBM, the ability of tumor cells to resist treatment, and the difficulty of delivering drugs to the brain because of barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB). The unique challenges posed by the BBB in delivering therapeutic agents to the brain have led to the development of innovative nanotechnology-based approaches.

Contribution of paranasal sinus, chest, and abdomen/pelvis computed tomography in patients with febrile neutropenia.

Objective: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious clinical event, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Imaging has a central role in the identification of the fever cause. The study objectives were to assess abnormalities of potential infectious origin on paranasal sinus, chest and abdomen/pelvis CT scans performed during an episode of FN, in patients with or without specific clinical signs, and to evaluate their impact on the frequency of changes in treatment.

A Penetrable AAV2 Capsid Variant for Efficient Intravitreal Gene Delivery to the Retina.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify a novel recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) capsid variant that can widely transfect the deep retina through intravitreal injection and to assess their effectiveness and safety in gene delivery.

Methods: By adopting the sequences of various cell-penetrating peptides and inserting them into the capsid modification region of AAV2, we generated several novel variants. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-carrying variants were screened following intravitreal injection.

Neuroimmune signalling pathways in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the role of neuroimmune signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Recent Findings: The sinonasal mucosa is densely infiltrated by immune cells and neuronal structures that share an intimate spatial relationship within tissue compartments. Together, such neuroimmune units play a critical role in airway defence and homeostatic function.

Modifying reaction time tasks parameters in the automated IntelliCage identifies heightened impulsivity and impaired attention in the 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The 3xTg-AD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important tool to investigate the relationship between development of pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments. Traditional behavioral tasks assessing aspects of learning and memory, such as mazes requiring spatial navigation, unfortunately suffer from several shortcomings, including the stress of human handling and not probing species-typical behavior. The automated IntelliCage system was developed to circumvent such issues by testing mice in a social environment while measuring multiple aspects of cognition.

Comparison of nasal swabs and handmade foam cubes for detecting equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

The control of equine respiratory infections is a biosecurity challenge. Respiratory viruses are often rapidly detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on nasal swabs. In the past, some laboratories developed handmade techniques to increase the amount of nasal secretions collected, without comparing them with nasal swabs when qPCR replaced the use of viral culture.