The Relative Contribution of Climatic, Demographic Factors, Disease Control Measures and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity to Variation of Global COVID-19 Transmission.

Despite a substantial number of COVID-19 related research papers published, it remains unclear as to which factors are associated with the observed variation in global transmission and what are their relative levels of importance. This study applies a rigorous statistical framework to provide robust estimations of the factor effects for a global and integrated perspective on this issue. We developed a mixed effect model exploring the relative importance of potential factors driving COVID-19 transmission while incorporating spatial and temporal heterogeneity of spread.

sp. nov., isolated from skin ulcers of sea-farmed fish, and description of sp. nov. with subdivision into genomovars and .

Results of previous multilocus sequence and whole-genome-based analyses have suggested that a homogeneous group of isolates belonging to the genus , represented by strain TNO020 and associated with skin ulcer development in sea-farmed fish, represents an as-yet-undescribed species. Comparative whole-genome analysis performed in the present study clustered five isolates, including TNO020, in a distinct lineage within the genus . Phenotypic differences, high intra-cluster average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and low ANI values with other species support the proposal of a novel species, for which we propose the name sp.

A European Database of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum Trichothecene Genotypes.

Fusarium species, particularly Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, are the main cause of trichothecene type B contamination in cereals. Data on the distribution of Fusarium trichothecene genotypes in cereals in Europe are scattered in time and space.