Disability, Unemployment, and Inequality: A Cross-Country Comparison of the Situation of Persons With Spinal Cord Injury.

Unemployment and inequality are growing concerns that disproportionately affect people with disabilities. We compared unemployment rates and barriers to labor market participation for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) as an exemplary case of disability with different socioeconomic positions and from a cross-national perspective across 20 countries worldwide. We showed that persons with SCI have much higher unemployment rates than the general population.

Characterization of habitat requirements of European fishing spiders.

Wetlands are among the most threatened habitats in the world, and so are their species, which suffer habitat loss due to climate and land use changes. Freshwater species, and especially arthropods, receive comparatively little attention in conservation plans, and the goals to stop and reverse the destruction of wetlands published 25 years ago in a manifesto by the Union of Concerned Scientists have not been reached. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and habitat requirements at two spatial scales of two species of European fishing spiders , which rely heavily on declining wetland habitats in Sweden and southern Norway.

Interfacial Layer Properties of a Polyaromatic Compound and its Role in Stabilizing Water-in-Oil Emulsions.

Physical properties of interfacial layers formed at the xylene-water interface by the adsorption of a polyaromatic organic compound, N-(1-hexylheptyl)-N'-(5-carbonylicpentyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (in brief, C5Pe), were studied systematically. The deprotonation of the carboxylic group of C5Pe at alkaline pH made it highly interfacially active, significantly reducing the xylene-water interfacial tension. Thin liquid film experiments showed a continuous buildup of heterogeneous C5Pe interfacial layers at the xylene-water interfaces, which contributed to the formation of stable W/O emulsions.

Heavy crude oils/particle stabilized emulsions.

Fluid characterization is a key technology for success in process design for crude oil mixtures in the future offshore. In the present article modern methods have been developed and optimized for crude oil applications. The focus is on destabilization processes in w/o emulsions, such as creaming/sedimentation and flocculation/coalescence.

Analysis of dynamic surfactant mass transfer and its relationship to the transient stabilization of coalescing liquid-liquid dispersions.

In this work, experiments describing the behavior of the separation of a model liquid-liquid dispersion with various concentrations of a synthetic surfactant are presented which indicate that there is a dynamic stabilization of initially unstable emulsions that occurs when the initial surfactant concentration approaches the concentration that provides stable emulsions. A simple model is presented to suggest the mechanism for the dynamic stabilization of these emulsion systems that considers the redistribution of surfactant into the continuous phase after a coalescence event at the emulsion-bulk dispersed phase interface and the dynamic mass transport of surfactant in the continuous phase of the emulsion. The results indicate that coalescence at the interface between the emulsion layer and the bulk dispersed phase creates a local region in the vicinity of this interface where the concentration of the surfactant is much higher than the bulk surfactant concentration which could lead to a locally, dynamically stabilized emulsion at this interface.