On the effect of precession for magnetic differential phase contrast imaging.

The separation of diffraction effects from phase contrast is a major challenge for differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The application of electron beam precession has previously been proven successful in homogenizing the direct beam and improving the imaging of both long-range electric and magnetic fields. However, magnetic STEM-DPC imaging performed in a low magnification (LM) STEM mode suffers from significant aberrations of the probe forming lens and the consequent impediment of small precession angles.

Contactless and continuous monitoring of respiratory rate in a hospital ward: a clinical validation study.

Introduction: Continuous monitoring of respiratory rate in hospital wards can provide early detection of clinical deterioration, thereby reducing mortality, reducing transfers to intensive care units, and reducing the hospital length of stay. Despite the advantages of continuous monitoring, manually counting every 1-12 h remains the standard of care in most hospital wards. The objective of this study was to validate continuous respiratory rate measurements from a radar-based contactless patient monitor [Vitalthings Guardian M10 (Vitalthings AS, Norway)] in a hospital ward.

Model-driven exploration of poro-viscoelasticity in human brain tissue: be careful with the parameters!

The brain is arguably the most complex human organ and modelling its mechanical behaviour has challenged researchers for decades. There is still a lack of understanding on how this multiphase tissue responds to mechanical loading and how material parameters can be reliably calibrated. While previous viscoelastic models with two relaxation times have successfully captured the response of brain tissue, the Theory of Porous Media provides a continuum mechanical framework to explore the underlying physical mechanisms, including interactions between solid matrix and free-flowing interstitial fluid.

Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Neuronal Gamma Oscillations During Occlusion Events in Infants.

Object permanence allows infants to interact successfully with objects in the environment. What happens in the human infant brain when objects move in and out of sight? This study used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to record induced oscillatory brain activities in 29 locomotor infants before, during, and after occlusion of a moving object traveling at different speeds. Temporal spectral evolution (TSE) showed that before and after the occlusion event, event-related synchronized (ERS) brain activity was observed, whereas event-related desynchronized (ERD) activity was detected when the car was hidden behind the occluder.

Low-value imaging: concept analysis and definition.

Background: While there is an extensive literature on low-value imaging, there is no agreed definition of the concept. However, a clear and consistent definition of low-value imaging is crucial for providing comparable and targeted research, and for increasing the quality, safety, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of imaging services. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to provide a definition of low-value imaging.

DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Trials on Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and Their Determinants in Children Aged 5-12 Years.

Background: To combat the high prevalence of physical inactivity among children, there is an urgent need to develop and implement real-world interventions and policies that promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB). To inform policy makers, the current body of evidence for children's PA/SB interventions needs to be translated.

Objectives: The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify modifiable determinants of device-measured PA and SB targeted in available intervention studies with randomized controlled trial (RCT) and controlled trial (CT) designs in children and early adolescents (5-12 years) and to quantify the effects of the interventions within their respective settings on the determinants of PA/SB and the outcomes PA and SB.

Facility and Regional Variations in Admission and Discharge Patterns Within Step-Up Intermediate Care: A Cross-Sectional Study of Municipal Inpatient Acute Care Services in Norway.

Background: Norwegian Municipal Inpatient Acute Care (MIPAC) services were established as part of the 2012 Coordination Reform. The intention was to prevent unnecessary hospital admissions by redirecting and maintaining less urgent patients at the primary care level, which provides inpatient acute healthcare services closer to patients' home. However, the role MIPAC plays in the patient trajectory and how trajectories vary across different units and settings is less clear.

Survival of the fittest? Peak oxygen uptake and all-cause mortality among older adults in Norway.

Objective: To determine the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels needed to avoid the Grim Reaper (Death) among older adults. We hypothesized that an above average peak oxygen uptake (VO) is needed for 70-77-year-old men and women to delay the encounter with Death.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Efficacy of a TNF inhibitor in chronic low back pain with Modic changes type 1: The BackToBasic study A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The efficacy of TNF inhibitors for treating chronic low back pain with Modic changes is uncertain. This study investigated the superiority of infliximab over placebo in patients with Modic changes type 1.

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients aged 18-65 with moderate to severe chronic low back pain and Modic changes type 1 were enrolled from five Norwegian public hospitals between January 2019 and October 2022.

What is it all about? An explorative study of patients' experiences with medication free treatment.

Background: As a response to the political decision by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services to establish some kind of "medication free treatment" for patients with severe mental illness throughout the country, a 6-bed ward unit dedicated to offer such treatment was in 2017 established in Tromsø, Norway by the North Norway Health Care Region. The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of patients admitted to this ward unit.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 persons who had received treatment from the ward during the period January 2017 to October 2021.

Evolving alterations of structural organization and functional connectivity in feedforward neural networks after induced P301L tau mutation.

Reciprocal structure-function relationships underlie both healthy and pathological behaviours in complex neural networks. Thus, understanding neuropathology and network dysfunction requires a thorough investigation of the complex interactions between structural and functional network reconfigurations in response to perturbation. Such adaptations are often difficult to study in vivo.

Evaluating environmental impacts of micro, mini and small hydropower plants in Norway.

Small-scale hydropower plants with an installed capacity <10 MW are an important part of Norway's local and regional development. Small-scale facilities have been viewed as a relatively environmentally friendly form of energy production because they are assumed to have limited negative environmental impact. However, the plants potentially have environmental impacts related to land use changes from infrastructure installation and also instream effects such as barriers to fish migration or disturbed flow conditions within bypasses.

Electric stimulation: a versatile manipulation technique mediated microbial applications.

Electric stimulation (ES) is a versatile technique that uses an electric field to manipulate microorganisms individually. Over the past several decades, the capabilities of ES have expanded from bioremediation to the precise motion control of cells and microorganisms. However, there is limited information on the underlying mechanisms, latest advancement and broader microbial applications of ES in various fields, such as the production of extracellular polymers with upgraded properties.

The burden of headache disorders among adults in Peru: national estimates and a health-care needs assessment from a population-based door-to-door survey.

Background: We have previously found that almost two thirds (64.6%) of adults in Peru have an active headache disorder. Here, using data from the same sample, we present attributed burden at individual and population levels.

Bioisosteric Replacement in the Search for Biologically Active Compounds: Design, Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Novel [1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolines.

Designing novel biologically active compounds with anti-inflammatory properties based on condensed quinazolines is a significant area of interest in modern medicinal chemistry. In the present study, we describe the development of promising new bioactive molecules through the bioisosteric replacement of a carbon atom with a sulfur atom in anti-inflammatory agents, specifically 3-methyl-2-oxo-2-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-]quinazolin-6-yl)butanoate. Design and synthetic studies have led to the series of previously unknown substituted 2-[((3-R-2-oxo-2-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-]quinazolin-6-yl)methyl)thio]carboxylic acids and their esters.

In Vitro Cell Model Investigation of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregate Morphology Using Spectroscopic Imaging.

Recently, it has been hypothesized that alpha-synuclein protein strain morphology may be associated with clinical subtypes of alpha-synucleinopathies, like Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. However, direct evidence is lacking due to the caveat of conformation-specific characterization of protein strain morphology. Here we present a new cell model based in vitro method to explore various alpha-synuclein (αsyn) aggregate morphotypes.

Exploring Self-Care, Anxiety, Depression, and the Gender Gap in the Software Engineering Pipeline.

Software engineers may experience burnout, which is often caused by the anxieties and stresses of the workplace. Understanding the well-being and resilience practices of software engineers and evaluating their knowledge of mental health is one factor to understand our current, diverse, multi-generational workplaces. Here, we present preliminary results of a study examining the self-care practices of software engineers, a general overview of the state of mental health of software engineers, and correlations between expressions of mental health and demographic factors.

Exploring the Link Between Physical Activity, Sports Participation, and Loneliness in Adolescents Before and Into the COVID-19 Pandemic: The HUNT Study, Norway.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on adolescents' physical activity, sports involvement, and feelings of loneliness remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to explore the shifts in leisure-time physical activity, sports participation, and loneliness among adolescents before and during the pandemic, positing that the pandemic has led to decreased physical activity and sports engagement, as well as heightened loneliness, where more active adolescents experience lower loneliness levels. This study included a prior four-year follow-up cohort from the same region two decades earlier to explore the existence of typical longitudinal aging effects in a cohort not affected by the pandemic.

The Spanish Adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic Inpatient (QPC-FIP) Instrument: Psychometric Properties.

: The quality of care in forensic mental health services is a factor that significantly impacts recovery and constitutes a right of the individuals receiving treatment. However, there is a lack of instruments to assess the perceived quality of care among individuals in this setting. Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic Inpatient (QPC-FIP) is a Swedish instrument that measures the perception of quality care from the perspectives of patients in the forensic setting.