Predicting recovery in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and a normal CT using serum biomarkers and diffusion tensor imaging (CENTER-TBI): an observational cohort study.

Background: Even patients with normal computed tomography (CT) head imaging may experience persistent symptoms for months to years after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). There is currently no good way to predict recovery and triage patients who may benefit from early follow-up and targeted intervention. We aimed to assess if existing prognostic models can be improved by serum biomarkers or diffusion tensor imaging metrics (DTI) from MRI, and if serum biomarkers can identify patients for DTI.

State-wise variation and inequalities in caesarean delivery rates in India: analysis of the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021) data.

Background: India's caesarean delivery (CD) rate of 21.5% suggests adequate national access to CD but may mask significant disparities. We examined variation in CD rates across states (geography), wealth, and health care sector (public versus private).

Mental health and mental health problems among users of AAC: a scoping review.

Functional communication is crucial for mental health and for coping with mental health problems. People with disabilities are at increased risk of mental health problems, and people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are reported to be at greater risk of depression and anxiety than people without impairments. This scoping review summarizes existing knowledge about the mental health and mental health problems of people who use AAC.

Escaping the ordinary: a review of escape rooms in medical and veterinary education.

Background: Escape rooms (ERs), immersive role-playing games that require participants to solve a series of puzzles within a set time to achieve a specific goal, have gained popularity as innovative educational tools.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus, for articles published between inception of journals to April 2024, focusing on the integration, outcomes, and participants' perceptions of ERs in medical and veterinary education.

Results: A total of 619 articles were retrieved, of which 12 articles met the inclusion criteria for final analysis.

Comparative assessment of airborne infection risk tools in enclosed spaces: Implications for disease control.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, highlighted the importance of understanding transmission modes and implementing effective mitigation strategies. Recognizing airborne transmission as a primary route has reshaped public health measures, emphasizing the need to optimize indoor environments to reduce risks. Numerous tools have emerged to assess airborne infection risks in enclosed spaces, providing valuable resources for public health authorities, researchers, and the general public.

Norwegian adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care - In-Patient instrument: psychometric properties and factor structure.

Background: Validated instruments measuring the quality of mental healthcare from patients' perspectives are scarce, and available instruments have been requested. One of the few instruments measuring the quality of care from a patient's perspective is the Swedish Quality in Psychiatric Care-In-Patient (QPC-IP). This cross-sectional study aimed to translate and adapt the QPC-IP instrument for a Norwegian context and assess its psychometric properties.

Comparing radiologists and radiographers' assessment of MRI referrals for low back pain: Insights from two imaging centres in Norway.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in MRI referral assessments for low back pain (LBP) between radiologists and in-house trained radiographers.

Methods: This is the second part of a retrospective study where MRI referrals for LBP conducted within two imaging centres in Norway were assessed for justification and referral quality. This study examines differences in how the recruited assessors (four radiologists and two radiographers) evaluated the referrals.

Using New Technologies to Analyze Gut Microbiota and Predict Cancer Risk.

The gut microbiota significantly impacts human health, influencing metabolism, immunological responses, and disease prevention. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, is linked to various diseases, including cancer. It is crucial to preserve a healthy microbiome since pathogenic bacteria, such as and , can cause inflammation and cancer.

TEVAR versus open aortic arch replacement in ex vivo perfused human thoracic aortas.

This study aims to assess the outcomes of therapeutic options for aortic arch pathologies by comparing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with open arch replacement (OAR) using woven polyester grafts from a mechanical and biomechanical perspective, with emphasis on ex vivo perfused human thoracic aortas reproducing heart rate and stroke volume conditions. Eleven non-diseased thoracic aortas from human cadavers were divided into TEVAR (n=5) and OAR (n=6) and tested using a custom-built mock circulation loop. Pressure, diameter, and stroke volume were monitored during perfusion before and after the intervention.

Beyond the field: How pesticide drift endangers biodiversity.

Airborne pesticide drift poses a substantial environmental threat in agriculture, affecting ecosystems far from the application sites. This process, in which up to 25% of applied pesticides are carried by air currents, can transport chemicals over hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. Drift rates peak during the summer months, reaching as high as 60%, and are influenced by various factors, including wind speed, temperature, humidity, and soil type.

Microplastics in aquatic systems: A comprehensive review of its distribution, environmental interactions, and health risks.

Microplastics (MPs) have become a critical pollutant, accumulating in aquatic ecosystems and posing significant environmental and human health risks. Approximately 5.25 trillion plastic particles float in global oceans, releasing up to 23,600 metric tonnes of dissolved organic carbon annually, which disrupts microbial dynamics.

On the effect of precession for magnetic differential phase contrast imaging.

The separation of diffraction effects from phase contrast is a major challenge for differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The application of electron beam precession has previously been proven successful in homogenizing the direct beam and improving the imaging of both long-range electric and magnetic fields. However, magnetic STEM-DPC imaging performed in a low magnification (LM) STEM mode suffers from significant aberrations of the probe forming lens and the consequent impediment of small precession angles.

Contactless and continuous monitoring of respiratory rate in a hospital ward: a clinical validation study.

Introduction: Continuous monitoring of respiratory rate in hospital wards can provide early detection of clinical deterioration, thereby reducing mortality, reducing transfers to intensive care units, and reducing the hospital length of stay. Despite the advantages of continuous monitoring, manually counting every 1-12 h remains the standard of care in most hospital wards. The objective of this study was to validate continuous respiratory rate measurements from a radar-based contactless patient monitor [Vitalthings Guardian M10 (Vitalthings AS, Norway)] in a hospital ward.

Model-driven exploration of poro-viscoelasticity in human brain tissue: be careful with the parameters!

The brain is arguably the most complex human organ and modelling its mechanical behaviour has challenged researchers for decades. There is still a lack of understanding on how this multiphase tissue responds to mechanical loading and how material parameters can be reliably calibrated. While previous viscoelastic models with two relaxation times have successfully captured the response of brain tissue, the Theory of Porous Media provides a continuum mechanical framework to explore the underlying physical mechanisms, including interactions between solid matrix and free-flowing interstitial fluid.

Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Neuronal Gamma Oscillations During Occlusion Events in Infants.

Object permanence allows infants to interact successfully with objects in the environment. What happens in the human infant brain when objects move in and out of sight? This study used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to record induced oscillatory brain activities in 29 locomotor infants before, during, and after occlusion of a moving object traveling at different speeds. Temporal spectral evolution (TSE) showed that before and after the occlusion event, event-related synchronized (ERS) brain activity was observed, whereas event-related desynchronized (ERD) activity was detected when the car was hidden behind the occluder.

Low-value imaging: concept analysis and definition.

Background: While there is an extensive literature on low-value imaging, there is no agreed definition of the concept. However, a clear and consistent definition of low-value imaging is crucial for providing comparable and targeted research, and for increasing the quality, safety, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of imaging services. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to provide a definition of low-value imaging.

DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Trials on Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and Their Determinants in Children Aged 5-12 Years.

Background: To combat the high prevalence of physical inactivity among children, there is an urgent need to develop and implement real-world interventions and policies that promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB). To inform policy makers, the current body of evidence for children's PA/SB interventions needs to be translated.

Objectives: The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify modifiable determinants of device-measured PA and SB targeted in available intervention studies with randomized controlled trial (RCT) and controlled trial (CT) designs in children and early adolescents (5-12 years) and to quantify the effects of the interventions within their respective settings on the determinants of PA/SB and the outcomes PA and SB.

Facility and Regional Variations in Admission and Discharge Patterns Within Step-Up Intermediate Care: A Cross-Sectional Study of Municipal Inpatient Acute Care Services in Norway.

Background: Norwegian Municipal Inpatient Acute Care (MIPAC) services were established as part of the 2012 Coordination Reform. The intention was to prevent unnecessary hospital admissions by redirecting and maintaining less urgent patients at the primary care level, which provides inpatient acute healthcare services closer to patients' home. However, the role MIPAC plays in the patient trajectory and how trajectories vary across different units and settings is less clear.

Survival of the fittest? Peak oxygen uptake and all-cause mortality among older adults in Norway.

Objective: To determine the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels needed to avoid the Grim Reaper (Death) among older adults. We hypothesized that an above average peak oxygen uptake (VO) is needed for 70-77-year-old men and women to delay the encounter with Death.

Design: Prospective cohort study.