20,552 results match your criteria: "Norwegian University of Science and Technology[Affiliation]"

A sparse and wide neural network model for DNA sequences.

Neural Netw

December 2024

Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Accurate modeling of DNA sequences requires capturing distant semantic relationships between the nucleotide acid bases. Most existing deep neural network models face two challenges: (1) they are limited to short DNA fragments and cannot capture long-range interactions, and (2) they require many supervised labels, which is often expensive in practice. We propose a new neural network model called SwanDNA to address the above challenges.

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Cyto-, gene, and multireceptor architecture of the early postnatal mouse hippocampal complex.

Prog Neurobiol

December 2024

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.

Neurotransmitter receptors are key molecules in signal transmission in the adult brain, and their precise spatial and temporal balance expressions also play a critical role in normal brain development. However, the specific balance expression of multiple receptors during hippocampal development is not well characterized. In this study, we used quantitative in vivo receptor autoradiography to measure the distributions and densities of 18 neurotransmitter receptor types in the mouse hippocampal complex at postnatal day 7, and compared them with the expressions of their corresponding encoding genes.

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Background: Escape rooms (ERs), immersive role-playing games that require participants to solve a series of puzzles within a set time to achieve a specific goal, have gained popularity as innovative educational tools.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus, for articles published between inception of journals to April 2024, focusing on the integration, outcomes, and participants' perceptions of ERs in medical and veterinary education.

Results: A total of 619 articles were retrieved, of which 12 articles met the inclusion criteria for final analysis.

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Introduction: We designed the Informed Health Choices (IHC) secondary school intervention and evaluated whether it improves students' ability to assess the trustworthiness of claims about treatment effects in Uganda. We conducted a process evaluation alongside a randomized trial to identify factors that may affect the implementation, fidelity, and scaling up of the intervention in Uganda. We also explored the potential adverse and beneficial effects of the intervention.

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Introduction: We evaluated the Informed Health Choices secondary school intervention to help students in Kenya think critically about health choices. We conducted this process evaluation to explore if the intervention was implemented as planned, identify factors that facilitated or hindered implementation, potential benefits of the intervention, and how to scale up the intervention beyond the trial.

Methods: This was a mixed methods process evaluation nested in a cluster-randomized trial of the Informed Health Choices intervention.

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Introduction: We evaluated the Informed Health Choices secondary school intervention in a cluster randomized trial in Rwanda. The intervention was effective in helping students to think critically about health. In parallel to the trial, we conducted a process evaluation to assess factors affecting the implementation, impacts, and scale-up of the intervention.

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A Systematic Review of Multimodal Analgesic Effectiveness on Acute Postoperative Pain After Adult Cardiac Surgery.

J Adv Nurs

December 2024

Centre for Patient-Centred Heart & Lung Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Disease, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Aim: To synthesise the best available empirical evidence about the effectiveness of multimodal analgesics on pain after adult cardiac surgery.

Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Methods: Indexed full-text papers or abstracts, in any language, of randomised controlled trials of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery investigating multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen effect on mean level of patient-reported pain intensity at rest.

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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, highlighted the importance of understanding transmission modes and implementing effective mitigation strategies. Recognizing airborne transmission as a primary route has reshaped public health measures, emphasizing the need to optimize indoor environments to reduce risks. Numerous tools have emerged to assess airborne infection risks in enclosed spaces, providing valuable resources for public health authorities, researchers, and the general public.

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Brain organoids offer unprecedented insights into brain development and disease modeling and hold promise for drug screening. Significant hindrances, however, are morphological and cellular heterogeneity, inter-organoid size differences, cellular stress, and poor reproducibility. Here, we describe a method that reproducibly generates thousands of organoids across multiple hiPSC lines.

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The delivery of nanoparticles to tumors has been shown preclinically to be improved by microbubble-mediated ultrasound. However, the mechanisms and biological effects not fully understood. In this study, we explored the influence of the tumor microenvironment on nanoparticle uptake and microdistribution both with and without ultrasound and microbubble treatment.

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Aims: Cardiopulmonary disease (CPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increasing evidence shows that air pollution and exposure to weather conditions have important contributory roles. Understanding the interaction of these factors is difficult due to the complexity of the relationship between CPD, air pollution, and environmental factors.

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Introduction: Physical fitness is associated with health-related quality of life, especially among youth. Although schools play an important role in promoting children's physical activity, in Italy the lack of qualified physical education teachers in primary schools may be compromising children's achievement of recommended levels of physical activity.

Methods: To test that possibility, we measured the physical fitness of 170 children (i.

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Sensory processing sensitivity is negatively associated with sensation seeking.

Curr Issues Personal Psychol

February 2024

: The Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Oslo, Norway.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and sensation seeking.

Participants And Procedure: The sample consisted of 625 subjects ( women = 225, men = 400). Sensory processing sensitivity was assessed using the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), and sensation seeking with the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS).

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Dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, and methylphenidate are central stimulant drugs widely used to treat Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but poor adherence may lead to treatment failure and the drugs are also subject to misuse and diversion. Drug analysis in oral fluid may thus be useful for monitoring adherence and misuse. We measured drug concentrations in oral fluid and urine after controlled dosing to investigate detection windows and evaluate the chosen cut-offs.

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Background: The practice of osteopathy in Europe is not uniformly regulated. Even despite the topographical and cultural proximity, the regulation of the osteopathic profession also differs in the German-speaking countries. In contrast to Germany and Austria, both without any recognized osteopathic profession, Switzerland has already created legal regulations for the practice of osteopathy.

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Adherence to national trauma triage criteria in Norway: a cross-sectional study.

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med

December 2024

Department of Emergency Medicine and Pre-Hospital Services, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.

Background: Norwegian hospitals employed individual trauma triage criteria until 2015 when nationwide criteria were implemented. There is a lack of empirical evidence regarding adherence to Norwegian national criteria for activation of the trauma team (NTrC) and the decision-making processes regarding trauma team activation (TTA) within Norwegian trauma hospitals. The objectives of this study were to investigate institutional adherence to the NTrC and to investigate similarities and differences in the decision-making process leading to TTA in Norwegian trauma hospitals.

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Background: Validated instruments measuring the quality of mental healthcare from patients' perspectives are scarce, and available instruments have been requested. One of the few instruments measuring the quality of care from a patient's perspective is the Swedish Quality in Psychiatric Care-In-Patient (QPC-IP). This cross-sectional study aimed to translate and adapt the QPC-IP instrument for a Norwegian context and assess its psychometric properties.

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Background: The demand for home care workers (HCWs) is increasing, but home care services face challenges in recruiting and retaining skilled workers, partly due to hazards in the work environment. Transportation to client visits is an important part of HCWs' working conditions, with various modes (e.g.

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Background: Telomere length (TL) has been reported to be associated with conditions such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, with some studies finding associations with shorter TL and others with longer TL. In men, studies mostly report associations between shorter TL and sperm quality. To our knowledge, no studies have thus far investigated associations between TL and fecundability or the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

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Background: There is a paucity of data investigating the impact of antihypertensive drug classes and blood pressure (BP) treatment targets on the incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In patients with high-risk hypertension aged 50-80 years or above, we aimed to, 1) compare effects of valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, with amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker and, 2) assess the effect of achieving systolic BP <135 vs ≥135 mmHg on the ESKD incidence.

Methods: The VALUE Trial was a multicenter prospective double-blinded randomized clinical trial in patients with essential hypertension and high cardiovascular risk including known coronary disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and previous stroke, in which ESKD was a secondary endpoint defined as progression to kidney transplant and/or dialysis.

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Background: Patients who achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) may re-arrest. This phenomenon has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the immediate (1-min) and short-term (20-min) risks of re-arrest in IHCA.

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Energy input and food output: The energy imbalance across regional agrifood systems.

PNAS Nexus

December 2024

Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7034, Norway.

Biomass was the principal energy source in preindustrial societies; their agriculture provided more energy than it required. Thus, the energy return on energy investment (EROEI) needed to be >1. Recent studies have indicated that this may not be the case for modern industrialized agrifood systems (AFSs).

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Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in MRI referral assessments for low back pain (LBP) between radiologists and in-house trained radiographers.

Methods: This is the second part of a retrospective study where MRI referrals for LBP conducted within two imaging centres in Norway were assessed for justification and referral quality. This study examines differences in how the recruited assessors (four radiologists and two radiographers) evaluated the referrals.

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Background: The digital shift toward remote consultations in general practice needs ongoing monitoring to understand its impact on general practice organizations and the wider health care system.

Objective: This study aimed to explore how remote consultations impact on contracted general practitioner (GP) practices and how GPs perceive the implications of this uptake for the overall health care system.

Methods: In total, 5 focus groups were conducted with a total of 18 GPs from all 4 health regions of Norway in 2022.

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