The genetics of resistance to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout unveiled through survival and virus load data.

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis virus (IPNV) is one of the major threats to the animal welfare and economy of the rainbow trout farming industry. Previous research has demonstrated significant genetic variation for resistance against IPNV. The main objective of the study was to investigate the genetic architecture of resistance against IPNV in rainbow trout fry.

Climate change perceptions and adaptation by Sebei pastoralists in Mount Elgon, Uganda: a qualitative survey.

Background: Pastoralists' sedentarisation and agriculturalisation might increase their vulnerability to climate change impacts, but few studies have investigated if this is the case in mountain areas. In Uganda, little is known about how Sebei pastoralists have perceived and adapted to such changes. This study sought to establish perspectives of Sebei pastoralists on climate change in terms of its occurrence and impacts as well as access to livelihood assets and or opportunities to withstand such challenges.

pH-mediated manipulation of the histidine brace in LPMOs and generation of a tri-anionic variant, investigated by EPR, ENDOR, ESEEM and HYSCORE spectroscopy.

Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze the oxidative depolymerization of polysaccharides at a monocopper active site, that is coordinated by the so-called histidine brace. In the past, this motif has sparked considerable interest, mostly due to its ability to generate and stabilize highly oxidizing intermediates during catalysis. We used a variety of advanced EPR techniques, including Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR), Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM) and Hyperfine Sublevel Correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy in combination with isotopic labelling (N, H) to characterize the active site of the bacterial LPMO AA10A over a wide pH range (pH 4.

Thoughtful or distant farmer: Exploring the influence of human-animal relationships on rabbit stress, behaviour, and emotional responses in two distinct living environments.

Both the nature of the human-animal relationship (HAR) and housing conditions significantly impact the welfare of farmed animals. To evaluate the influence of HAR on the behaviour, emotions and stress of rabbits () in two distinct outdoor living environments, we allocated 144 young rabbits to four groups (CPX-H, CPX-N, SPL-H, SPL-N) differing in the living environments (CPX for complex, and SPL for simple). The treatment by human (H) involved daily provision of additional food resources and stroking (thoughtful farmer).

Identifying Major Factors for Success and Failure of Conservation Programs in Europe.

In Europe, various conservation programs adopted to maintain or restore biodiversity have experienced differing levels of success. However, a synthesis about major factors for success of biodiversity-related conservation programs across ecosystems and national boundaries, such as incentives, subsidies, enforcement, participation, or spatial context, is missing. Using a balanced scorecard survey among experts, we analyzed and compared factors contributing to success or failure of three different conservation programs: two government programs (Natura 2000 and the ecological measures of the Water Framework Directive) and one conservation program of a non-governmental organization (NGO; Rewilding Europe), all focusing on habitat and species conservation.

Clinicopathological biomarker patterns, venom detection and venom proteomics in canine Vipera berus envenomation.

Vipera berus (V. berus) bites are associated with high morbidity, including kidney injury, in dogs. Although antivenom is often used and perceived effective to treat this type of snakebite, it is costly and associated with adverse events and specific diagnostics for this type of snakebite are lacking.

Bridging discourses on health promotion and social sustainability towards healthy community development.

The aim of this paper is to argue for the need to bridge the discourses of health promotion and social sustainability as an important step toward healthy community development. By building on theories and empirical knowledge from both disciplines, we advocate for the field of health promotion to take a more assertive role within the social sustainability discourse because the theoretical and empirical knowledge from health promotion research is needed. Likewise, we argue that the strong emphasis on social justice and contextual community factors within the social sustainability discourse could contribute to developing the health promotion discourse.

Effect of Dietary Cholesterol, Phytosterol, and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Astaxanthin Absorption and Retention in Rainbow Trout.

Astaxanthin (Ax) determines the flesh redness of a salmonid fish which is the most desirable quality indicator by consumers. Fish cannot synthesize Ax de novo, therefore, the only way to increase flesh redness is to increase dietary input or improve the absorption and retention rate of dietary Ax. As a hydrophobic carotenoid, the absorption of Ax can be modulated by other lipid molecules in the diet.

Estimation of carbon sequestration potential and air quality impacts of biochar production from straw in China.

Aiming to optimize straw resource utilization and to reduce air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions in China, the environmental benefits of biochar production using straw and utilization need to be assessed. Two biochar production scenarios were studied: centralized production scenario (CPS) utilizing an industrialized production method with advanced air pollution control devices, and decentralized production scenario (DPS) based on a distributed production method of biochar at the village level, compared to an open-burning scenario (OBS). The potential GHG emission reductions under DPS, including the benefit of soil biochar application, were evaluated as 680 Tg CO-eq yr, which was lower than the reductions under CPS (780 Tg CO-eq yr).

Microbial consortia driving (ligno)cellulose transformation in agricultural woodchip bioreactors.

Unlabelled: Freshwater ecosystems can be largely affected by neighboring agriculture fields where potential fertilizer nitrate run-off may leach into surrounding water bodies. To counteract this eutrophic driver, farmers in certain areas are utilizing denitrifying woodchip bioreactors (WBRs) in which a consortium of microorganisms convert the nitrate into nitrogen gases in anoxia, fueled by the degradation of lignocellulose. Polysaccharide-degrading strategies have been well described for various aerobic and anaerobic systems, including the use of carbohydrate-active enzymes, utilization of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and other redox enzymes, as well as the use of cellulosomes and polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs).

Immunological Pre-Metastatic Niche in Dogs With Naturally Occurring Osteosarcoma.

Pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation is essential for metastatic development and drives organotropism. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and soluble factors remodel the microenvironment of distant metastatic organs before subsequent metastasis. Dogs with osteosarcoma (OS) have proven to be excellent disease models for their human companions.

Machine Learning Approaches for the Fusion of Near-Infrared, Mid-Infrared, and Raman Data to Identify Cartilage Degradation in Human Osteochondral Plugs.

Vibrational spectroscopy methods such as mid-infrared (MIR), near-infrared (NIR), and Raman spectroscopies have been shown to have great potential for in vivo biomedical applications, such as arthroscopic evaluation of joint injuries and degeneration. Considering that these techniques provide complementary chemical information, in this study, we hypothesized that combining the MIR, NIR, and Raman data from human osteochondral samples can improve the detection of cartilage degradation. This study evaluated 272 osteochondral samples from 18 human knee joins, comprising both healthy and damaged tissue according to the reference Osteoarthritis Research Society International grading system.

Business-as-usual trends will largely miss 2030 global conservation targets.

To address climate change and global biodiversity loss, the world must hit three important international conservation targets by 2030: protect 30% of terrestrial and marine areas, halt and reverse forest loss, and restore 350 Mha of degraded and deforested landscapes. Here, we (1) provide estimates of the gaps between these globally agreed targets and business-as-usual trends; (2) identify examples of rapid past trend-shifts towards achieving the targets; and (3) link these past trend-shifts to different levers. Our results suggest that under a business-as-usual scenario, the world will fail to achieve all three targets.

Somatic cell count in dairy goats I: association with infectious and non-infectious factors.

Background: Intramammary infections negatively affect milk quality, animal welfare and productivity in the dairy industry. Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most used screening tool to detect subclinical mastitis caused by intramammary infections. In dairy goats, SCC is greatly influenced by non-infectious factors, which complicates the interpretation.