A step forward in antibiotic use and resistance monitoring: a quarterly surveillance system pilot in 11 European Union/European Economic Area countries, September 2017 to May 2020.

BackgroundSurveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use (AMU) in Europe is currently annual.AimTo study the feasibility and scalability of a quarterly AMR/AMU surveillance system in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA).MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study within the scope of the EU-JAMRAI project.

Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic among migrants: An innovative, system-level, interdisciplinary approach is needed to improve public health.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are amplified among socially vulnerable groups, including international migrants, in terms of both disease transmission and outcomes and the consequences of mitigation measures. Migrants are overrepresented in COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed cases, hospital admissions, intensive care treatment and death statistics in all countries with available data. A syndemic approach has been suggested to understand the excess burden in vulnerable populations.

Effect of an Intervention in General Practice to Increase the Participation of Immigrants in Cervical Cancer Screening: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Immigrant women have lower participation in cervical cancer screening (CCS) programs. At the same time, some groups of immigrants have higher prevalence of cervical cancer. Targeted interventions are therefore necessary.

Children's right to smoke-free air: Public support in Norway for banning smoking in vehicles with children present.

Background: Children have a statutory right to a smoke-free environment, and tobacco control advocates are now considering regulation of smoking behavior in the private sphere. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has investigated the support for a ban on smoking in cars with children compared to other possible extensions of the tobacco act among the Norwegian public.

Material And Methods: A nationwide representative survey (CAWI) of 5543 participants was conducted in 2014-2015.

Giardia duodenalis in primates: Classification and host specificity based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data.

Giardia duodenalis colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of hosts, including humans and other primates. It is grouped into eight different Assemblages and, beyond that, into a number of sub-Assemblages, defined ad hoc on the basis of genetic differences; these various groups are often considered to be associated with a specific restricted host range. The aim of this study was to use publicly available genotyping data to investigate the relatedness of human and non-human primate (NHP) Giardia isolates in order to evaluate the usefulness of current taxonomic classification and to assess whether there is potential for zoonotic transmission between humans and NHP.

Measuring nurses' perception of work environment: a scoping review of questionnaires.

Background: Nurses' work environment has been shown to be associated with quality of care and organizational outcomes. In order to monitor the work environment, it is useful for all stakeholders to know the questionnaires that assess or evaluate conditions for delivering nursing care. The aim of this article is: to review the literature for assessed survey questionnaires that measure nurses' perception of their work environment, make a brief assessment, and map the content domains included in a selection of questionnaires.

Assessing notions of denormalization and renormalization of smoking in light of e-cigarette regulation.

The rationale for 'denormalization' of smoking in tobacco policies has been challenged by the emergence of e-cigarettes and the need to regulate e-cigarette use and promotion. Our aim is to assess the research status on e-cigarettes' contribution to 'renormalization' of smoking and to clarify how renormalization of smoking can be appraised at the conceptual and empirical level. Combining conceptual analysis and narrative review, the paper brings out three dimensions of denormalization/renormalization of smoking ('unacceptability/acceptability'; 'invisibility/visibility'; 'phasing out behaviour/maintaining behaviour') and an inherent duality of the e-cigarette as a smoking-like device and a smoking alternative.

Travel-associated gonorrhoea in four Nordic countries, 2008 to 2013.

Travel may be associated with a higher risk of gonorrhoea and infection by antibiotic-resistant strains. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk for gonorrhoea among travellers from four Nordic European countries using surveillance data and to identify at-risk travellers to help target interventions. We retrieved gonorrhoea surveillance data from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union.

Accumulation of material and lifestyle problems among daily smokers in Norway 1999 to 2013 - a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: International studies have found that smoking is increasingly concentrated among lesser-privileged individuals and marginalised groups, indicating a possible rise in daily smokers' accumulated problem burden. The study asks whether material shortages and occurrence of behaviours related to poor health are increasing among daily smokers in Norway, and whether the time trends differ between daily smokers on the one hand, and occasional and non-smokers on the other.

Method: The study used data acquired by biennial cross-sectional surveys from 1999 to 2013 of the adult (i.

Does postponement of first pregnancy increase gender differences in sickness absence? A register based analysis of Norwegian employees in 1993-2007.

Background: From 1970-2012, the average age at first delivery increased from 23.2-28.5 in Norway.

Emerging Salmonella Enteritidis anaerogenic phage type 14b: outbreak in Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish travellers returning from Greece.

In July 2001, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (Folkehelseinstituttet, FHI) reported a cluster of Salmonella Enteritidis of phage type 14b infections in Norwegian travellers returning from Greece. An increase in the same uncommon phage type was also registered in Sweden and Finland at the same time. Cases of S.

Emerging Salmonella Enteritidis anaerogenic phage type 14b: Outbreak in Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish travellers returning from Greece.

In July 2001, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (Folkehelseinstituttet, FHI) reported a cluster of Salmonella Enteritidis of phage type 14b infections in Norwegian travellers returning from Greece. An increase in the same uncommon phage type was also registered in Sweden and Finland at the same time. Cases of S.