Biofilm Removal Using Different Commercial Cleaning Agents.

Effective cleaning and disinfection (C&D) is pivotal for the control of in food processing environments. Bacteria in biofilms are protected from biocidal action, and effective strategies for the prevention and removal of biofilms are needed. In this study, different C&D biofilm control strategies on pre-formed biofilms on a conveyor belt material were evaluated and compared to the effect of a conventional chlorinated, alkaline cleaner (agent A).

Effect of temperature on stability of anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and color in strawberry and raspberry jams.

Strawberry (cv. Senga Sengana) and raspberry (cv. Veten) were processed into jams at 60, 85 or 93 °C and stored at 4 or 23 °C for 8 and 16 weeks.

Growth Behavior of in a Traditional Norwegian Fermented Fish Product (), and Its Inhibition through Bacteriophage Addition.

may persist in food production environments and cause listeriosis. In Norway, a product of concern is the traditional and popular fermented fish product "", which is made from freshwater salmonid fish by mild-salting and brine maturation at low temperatures for several months. It is eaten without any heat treatment, and , therefore, poses a potential hazard.

The 1 international symposium on mucosal health in aquaculture - MHA2019.

The 1 International Symposium on Mucosal Health and Aquaculture (MHA2019) was held on 11-13 September 2019 in Oslo, Norway. This was the first platform of its kind that gathered people from academia, R&D institutes, and industry to discuss the state-of-the-art and future directions of mucosal health research in aquaculture. The symposium was divided into four scientific sessions: Session 1, Mucosal structures and functions; Session 2, Mucosal health and nutrition; Session 3, Mucosal health and microbiome; and Session 4, Mucosal health and the changing environment.

Consequences of Haemorrhagic Smolt Syndrome (HSS) for the Immune Status of Atlantic salmon ( L.) (Case Study).

Haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (HSS) is a disorder of unknown aetiology causing losses in the fresh water phase of Atlantic salmon farming. Normally, the mortality is limited and symptoms disappear upon seawater exposure. In this case study, classical HSS pathology with internal organ haemorrhages and nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed, and the losses were substantial.

A Review of Factors Affecting Anthocyanin Bioavailability: Possible Implications for the Inter-Individual Variability.

Anthocyanins are dietary bioactive compounds showing a range of beneficial effects against cardiovascular, neurological, and eye conditions. However, there is, as for other bioactive compounds in food, a high inter and intra-individual variation in the response to anthocyanin intake that in many cases leads to contradictory results in human trials. This variability could be caused at two levels, one at the bioavailability level and the other at the effect and mechanisms of action.

Secondary Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation with Wood-Derived Xylooligosaccharides as a Tool To Expedite Sour Beer Production.

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from woody biomass were evaluated as a substrate for secondary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation in sour beer production. XOS were extracted from birch () and added to beer to promote the growth of BSO 464. Growth, pH, XOS degradation, and metabolic products were monitored throughout fermentations, and the final beer was evaluated sensorically.

Photoperiod Manipulation Affects Transcriptional Profile of Genes Related to Lipid Metabolism and Apoptosis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae: Potential Roles of Gut Microbiota.

Gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining host's health by controlling a wide range of physiological processes. Administration of probiotics and manipulation of photoperiod have been suggested as modulators of microbial composition and are currently undergoing an extensive research in aquaculture as a way to improve health and quality of harvested fish. However, our understanding regarding their effects on physiological processes is still limited.

Structure-activity relationship studies of shortened analogues of the antimicrobial peptide EeCentrocin 1 from the sea urchin Echinus esculentus.

EeCentrocin 1 is a potent antimicrobial peptide isolated from the marine sea urchin Echinus esculentus. The peptide has a hetero-dimeric structure with the antimicrobial activity confined in its largest monomer, the heavy chain (HC), encompassing 30 amino acid residues. The aim of the present study was to develop a shorter drug lead peptide using the heavy chain of EeCentrocin 1 as a starting scaffold and to perform a structure-activity relationship study with sequence modifications to optimize antimicrobial activity.

Standardized IMGT® Nomenclature of Salmonidae IGH Genes, the Paradigm of Atlantic Salmon and Rainbow Trout: From Genomics to Repertoires.

In teleost fish as in mammals, humoral adaptive immunity is based on B lymphocytes expressing highly diverse immunoglobulins (IG). During B cell differentiation, IG loci are subjected to genomic rearrangements of V, D, and J genes, producing a unique antigen receptor expressed on the surface of each lymphocyte. During the course of an immune response to infections or immunizations, B cell clones specific of epitopes from the immunogen are expanded and activated, leading to production of specific antibodies.

Average molecular weight, degree of hydrolysis and dry-film FTIR fingerprint of milk protein hydrolysates: Intercorrelation and application in process monitoring.

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to predict the degree of hydrolysis (DH%) and weight-average molecular weight (M) in milk protein hydrolysates. Both DH% and M are important quality parameters of protein hydrolysates. Measuring these parameters and following their development during proteolytic reactions is therefore essential for process control and optimization in industry.

"Consulted to death": Personal stress as a major barrier to environmental co-management.

Co-management is widely seen as a way of improving environmental governance and empowering communities. When successful, co-management enhances the validity and legitimacy of decision-making, while providing stakeholders with influence over processes and outcomes that directly impact them. However, our research with participants in co-management across several cases leads us to argue that many of the individuals who contribute to co-management are subject to significant personal stress arising from both the logistical and social/emotional demands of participation in these processes.

Dietary Fish Oil Alters DNA Methylation of Genes Involved in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Muscle and Liver of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).

Adequate dietary supply of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) is required to maintain health and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). However, salmon can also convert α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) into eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) by sequential desaturation and elongation reactions, which can be modified by 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 intake. In mammals, dietary 20:5n-3 + 22:6n-3 intake can modify Fads2 expression (Δ6 desaturase) via altered DNA methylation of its promoter.

Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Probiotic During the Transition From Freshwater to Seawater on Intestinal Health and Microbiota of Atlantic Salmon ( L.).

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the transfer from freshwater to seawater on the distal intestinal bacterial communities of Atlantic salmon ( L.) and to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of MA18/5M (at 1.19 × 10 CFU/g).

-3 Canola oil effectively replaces fish oil as a new safe dietary source of DHA in feed for juvenile Atlantic salmon.

Limited availability of fish oils (FO), rich in n-3 long-chain (≥C20) PUFA, is a major constraint for further growth of the aquaculture industry. Long-chain n-3 rich oils from crops GM with algal genes are promising new sources for the industry. This project studied the use of a newly developed n-3 canola oil (DHA-CA) in diets of Atlantic salmon fingerlings in freshwater.

FTIR-based hierarchical modeling for prediction of average molecular weights of protein hydrolysates.

In the presented study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to predict the average molecular weight of protein hydrolysates produced from protein-rich by-products from food industry using commercial enzymes. Enzymatic protein hydrolysis is a well-established method for production of protein-rich formulations, recognized for its potential to valorize food-processing by-products. The monitoring of such processes is still a significant challenge as the existing classical analytical methods are not easily applicable to industrial setups.

Probing the interactions between hardness and sensory of pistachio nuts during storage using principal component analysis.

Instrumental hardness and sensory characteristics of pistachio nuts such as flavor, texture, and overall acceptability were measured in three different packages (atmosphere, vacuum, and oxygen scavenger), at three different conditions temperatures (20, 35, and 50˚C) during 12 weeks' storage. Results showed that the effect of temperature, storage time, and interaction effects of packaging and temperature, and packaging and storage time, and packaging and temperature and stoarge time on instrumental hardness were significant ( < 0.01).

Transcriptome sequencing of hybrid bester sturgeon: Responses to poly (I:C) in the context of comparative immunogenomics.

Sturgeons represent a substantial scientific interest due to their high economic value, endangered status and also as the most primitive group of ray-finned fishes. Rapid progress in knowledge of sturgeon immunity was achieved recently with use of RNA sequencing. We report transcriptome sequencing of gill, head kidney, and spleen of bester sturgeon (a hybrid of beluga Huso huso and sterlet Acipenser ruthenus) injected with synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyI:C).

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) mounts systemic and mucosal stress responses to peracetic acid.

Peracetic acid (PAA), a strong organic peroxide, is considered a relatively sustainable disinfectant in aquaculture because of its broad effectivity against many pathogens at low concentrations and because it degrades spontaneously to harmless residues. The impacts of PAA on fish health must be determined before its use as either a routine disinfectant or chemotherapeutant. Here we investigated the systemic and mucosal stress responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to PAA.

Large Plasmid Complement Resolved: Complete Genome Sequencing of MF1298, a Candidate Probiotic Strain Associated with Unfavorable Effect.

Considerable attention has been given to the species Lactobacillus plantarum regarding its probiotic potential. strains have shown health benefits in several studies, and even nonstrain-specific claims are allowed in certain markets. strain MF1298 was considered a candidate probiotic, demonstrating in vitro probiotic properties and the ability to survive passage through the human intestinal tract.

Interaction between dietary fatty acids and genotype on immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after vaccination: A transcriptome study.

A pivotal matter to aquaculture is the sourcing of sustainable resources as ingredients to aquafeeds. Levels of plant delivered oils as source of fatty acids (FA) in aquafeeds have reached around 70% resulting in reduced levels of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in salmon fillet composition. EPA and DHA can modulate inflammation and immune response, so it is crucial to understand how fish immune response is affected by low LC n-3 PUFA diet and if this diet can have a detrimental effect on vaccine response.

The possible involvement of oxidative stress in the oocyte ageing process in goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758).

Decreasing egg quality following oocyte ageing is a major restricting factor for the breeding programs. The mechanisms behind this process has not yet been clarified. To examine the possible involvement of oxidative stress in the oocyte ageing process, the relative mRNA abundance of specific transcripts were determined in oocytes collected from 6 females and incubated in vitro for 18 hours post stripping at 20 °C in goldfish Carassius auratus.

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There is a large potential in Europe for valorization in the vegetable food supply chain. For example, there is occasionally overproduction of tomatoes for fresh consumption, and a fraction of the production is unsuited for fresh consumption sale (unacceptable color, shape, maturity, lesions, etc.).

Factors affecting intake, metabolism and health benefits of phenolic acids: do we understand individual variability?

Introduction: Phenolic acids are important phenolic compounds widespread in foods, contributing to nutritional and organoleptic properties.

Factors Affceting Individual Variability: The bioavailability of these compounds depends on their free or conjugated presence in food matrices, which is also affected by food processing. Phenolic acids undergo metabolism by the host and residing intestinal microbiota, which causes conjugations and structural modifications of the compounds.

Combined magnetic ligand fishing and high-resolution inhibition profiling for identification of α-glucosidase inhibitory ligands: A new screening approach based on complementary inhibition and affinity profiles.

Plants are well-recognized sources of inhibitors for α-glucosidase - a key target enzyme for management of type 2 diabetes. Recently, two advanced bioactivity-profiling techniques, i.e.