Treatment of pre-invasive conditions during opportunistic screening and its effectiveness on cervical cancer incidence in one Norwegian county.

Norway had until recently no organized screening programme for cervical cancer, but opportunistic screening was common. This study focuses on the effectiveness of treatment of pre-malignant cervical conditions (CIN III) on cervical-cancer incidence in the county of Sør-Trøndelag in Norway, prior to the introduction of organized mass screening. The study is based on cervical-cancer incidence rates during the years 1965-92 and treatment data for CIN III.

Use of pap-smears in a population without a mass screening program.

Study Objective: To analyze the use of Pap-smears in a population where a screening program was not offered.

Design: Retrospective analysis of pathology registry data on women resident in two counties of Norway.

Setting: Evaluation of opportunistic screening by age and year of birth.

General practitioners' compliance with guidelines for antenatal care.

Objective: To assess general practitioners' compliance with Norwegian guidelines for antenatal care issued in 1984 and to identify characteristics of physicians with low compliance.

Setting: Routine clinical practice in primary care.

Study Population: All women permanently residing in the county of Oppland who gave birth during a 12-month period 1988-89 and the general practitioners who provided their antenatal care.

Effectiveness of antenatal care: a population based study.

Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of antenatal care as a screening for nonsymptomatic disease and obstetrical risk conditions.

Design: Programme evaluation of antenatal care in a geographically based cohort.

Setting: Routine clinical practice in primary and specialist level of health care without intervention.

Maternal smoking and age. Effect on birthweight and risk for small-for-gestational age births.

Study Objective: To analyse the information on maternal smoking routinely recorded during antenatal care by general practitioners, with emphasis on the impact of smoking on birth weight and risk for small-for-gestational age (SGA) births.

Design: Geographically based cohort study.

Setting: Evaluation of information recorded by general practitioners in antenatal records, in routine clinical practice without intervention.

Problems and prospects in the economic evaluation of antenatal care.

Economic evaluations can be used to compare alternative antenatal care programs in terms of cost and outcome. The cost of routine antenatal care is small compared to the total cost associated with pregnancy and childbirth. The main problem in economic evaluations is related to outcome measurement.

A circadian variation in the observed duration of labor. Possible causes and implications.

Unlabelled: The distribution of the duration of labor during the day was analyzed.

Material: A one-year material consisting of 1,881 deliveries at the Department of Obstetrics, Regional Hospital of Trondheim, Norway. Only singleton pregnancies with spontaneous onset of contractions and intended vaginal delivery were included.

Cost effectiveness of testing for chlamydial infections in asymptomatic women.

Routine testing for Chlamydia trachomatis during gynecological visits, as well as treatment of those found positive, has been suggested as a preventive measure against the serious consequences of chlamydial genital infections, e.g., pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and ectopic pregnancy.

Quality of hospital data and DRGs.

Research on and application of DRG is frequently performed with the aid of computerized data. This study has been made to assess the importance of errors in hospital data bases for DRG research, and the financial consequences if DRG is used as a reimbursement system. For the same hospital stays information on the DRG grouping variables has been collected from medical records and a data base.