Beyond the cultural myth of medical meritocracy.

Background: We examine the cultural myth of the medical meritocracy, whereby the "best and the brightest" are admitted and promoted within the profession. We explore how this narrative guides medical practice in ways that may no longer be adequate in the contexts of practice today.

Methods: Narrative analysis of medical students' and physicians' stories.

Preconditions for Enabling Advanced Patient-Centered Decision Support on a National Knowledge Information Infrastructure.

In Western healthcare, an important goal is to provide clinical decision support "for the right healthcare personnel, in the right situation, at the right time". In this poster, we use a qualitative approach to outline the preconditions for enabling such advanced patient-centered decision support. This study indicates that establishing a national knowledge information infrastructure demands well-defined national standards, codes, and terminologies, as well as structured clinical data.

Possible Usages of Smart Contracts (Blockchain) in Healthcare and Why No One Is Using Them.

Security, privacy, transparency, consent, and data sharing are major challenges that healthcare institutions must address today. The explosion of the Internet of Things (IoT), the enactment of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the growing trend of patients self-managing their diseases, and the eagerness of patients to share their self-collected health data with primary and secondary health organisations further increase the complexity of these challenges. Smart contracts, based on blockchain technology, can be a legitimate approach for addressing these challenges.

Health Professionals' Experience with Patients Accessing Their Electronic Health Records: Results from an Online Survey.

The aim of this study was to investigate hospital professionals' experience and attitude with patients accessing their own electronic health records. The study was conducted one year after service establishment. Data was collected through an online survey.

Open or Closed: A Project Proposal for Investigating Two Different EHR Platform Approaches.

Technical platforms form the fundament on which IT systems and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are implemented. The use of either open or proprietary standards and technologies for information modelling and interoperability have implications for how clinical and health data is handled and made available for the system users. In Norway, two different EHRs are procured in different health regions of the Specialist healthcare service.

Data-driven modeling and prediction of blood glucose dynamics: Machine learning applications in type 1 diabetes.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes abnormal blood glucose (BG) regulation that might result in short and long-term health complications and even death if not properly managed. Currently, there is no cure for diabetes. However, self-management of the disease, especially keeping BG in the recommended range, is central to the treatment.

Implementing eHealth Technologies: The Need for Changed Work Practices to Reduce Medication Errors.

Medication errors are a significant health problem and a serious threat to patient safety. In Norway, an estimated one-third of the elderly population has been exposed to potentially inappropriate medications. The Norwegian government has assumed a pivotal role in reducing medication errors and providing safer medication management for its citizens, particularly through the national eHealth system's e-prescription and Summary Care Record.

Patient Reported Reasons for Surgery Cancellations Do Not Necessarily Correspond with Hospitals' Representation of the Same Problem.

Surgery cancellation is a well-recognized quality problem within hospitals. The e-Team Surgery project addressed the problem of elective surgery cancellation at a Norwegian hospital and explored the potential to reduce surgery cancellation by providing a tool for secure online communication between the hospital and the patient. This communication would occur before surgery while the patient was still at home.

Creating Learning Opportunities by Using Videoconferencing in Surgical Education.

Access to mentors for education in surgical subspecialties is a challenge in many hospitals. Videoconferencing (VC) provides real-time communication between mentors and mentees despite dispersed geographical locations. In Norway, an educational pathway of a specific laparoscopic surgical procedure was carried out using VC.

eHealth initiatives; the relationship between project work and institutional practice.

Background: Large-scale, national eHealth services, such as the summary care record (SCR) and electronic prescriptions (e-prescriptions), have been implemented by project managers as Norwegian health authority initiatives. Few studies have been conducted on the large-scale implementation of eHealth services and the relationship between the implementers' work and the use of the tools in healthcare practices. Hence, there was a need to determine the project work with a focus on changes in practice.

Design and Prestudy Assessment of a Dashboard for Presenting Self-Collected Health Data of Patients With Diabetes to Clinicians: Iterative Approach and Qualitative Case Study.

Background: Introducing self-collected health data from patients with diabetes into consultation can be beneficial for both patients and clinicians. Such an initiative can allow patients to be more proactive in their disease management and clinicians to provide more tailored medical services. Optimally, electronic health record systems (EHRs) should be able to receive self-collected health data in a standard representation of medical data such as Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), from patients systems like mobile health apps and display the data directly to their users-the clinicians.

Seasonal variations in objectively assessed physical activity among people with COPD in two Nordic countries and Australia: a cross-sectional study.

Seasons and weather conditions might influence participation in physical activity and contribute to differences between countries. This study aimed at investigating whether there were differences in physical activity levels between Norwegian, Danish and Australian people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and establishing if any variations in physical activity were attributable to seasons. A cross-sectional study where study subjects were people with COPD who participated in two separate clinical trials: the iTrain study (Norway, Denmark, and Australia) and the HomeBase study (Australia).

General practitioners' perceptions towards the use of digital health services for citizens in primary care: a qualitative interview study.

Objectives: To explore general practitioners' (GPs) perceptions towards use of four digital health services for citizens: an electronic booking service to make reservations with the GP; an electronic prescription service to request renewal of maintenance drugs; a service for text-based non-clinical enquiries to the GP office and a service for text-based electronic consultation (e-consultation) with the GP.

Design: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews.

Setting: Primary care.

Data-Driven Blood Glucose Pattern Classification and Anomalies Detection: Machine-Learning Applications in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that results in abnormal blood glucose (BG) regulations. The BG level is preferably maintained close to normality through self-management practices, which involves actively tracking BG levels and taking proper actions including adjusting diet and insulin medications. BG anomalies could be defined as any undesirable reading because of either a precisely known reason (normal cause variation) or an unknown reason (special cause variation) to the patient.

Use of Electronic Health and Its Impact on Doctor-Visiting Decisions Among People With Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of diabetes and increasing use of electronic health (eHealth) among people with diabetes, little is known about the association between the use of eHealth and the use of provider-based health services.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the use of eHealth might change patients' decisions regarding doctor-seeking behavior and whether information acquired from the internet was discussed with a doctor.

Methods: We used email survey data collected in 2018 from members of the Norwegian Diabetes Association (aged 18 to 89 years) diagnosed with diabetes.

Artificial Intelligence for Participatory Health: Applications, Impact, and Future Implications.

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) provides people and professionals working in the field of participatory health informatics an opportunity to derive robust insights from a variety of online sources. The objective of this paper is to identify current state of the art and application areas of AI in the context of participatory health.

Methods: A search was conducted across seven databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsychInfo, ACM Digital Library, IEEExplore, and SCOPUS), covering articles published since 2013.

Data work: A condition for integrations in health care.

Integration and interoperability between different information and communication technology (ICT) systems are crucial for efficient treatment and care in hospitals. In this article, we are particularly interested in the daily local work conducted by health-care personnel to maintain integrations. A principal aim of our article is, therefore, to contribute to a sociotechnical understanding of the "data work" that is embedded in the integration of health-care systems.

Maximizing Interpretability and Cost-Effectiveness of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Predictive Models Using Feature-Specific Regularized Logistic Regression on Preoperative Temporal Data.

This study describes a novel approach to solve the surgical site infection (SSI) classification problem. Feature engineering has traditionally been one of the most important steps in solving complex classification problems, especially in cases with temporal data. The described novel approach is based on abstraction of temporal data recorded in three temporal windows.

Associations Between the Use of eHealth and Out-of-Hours Services in People With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the increasing use of eHealth, little is known about the association between provider-based health services and eHealth among people with diabetes. This is the second study in a project exploring the associations between the use of eHealth and the use of provider-based health services.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate which eHealth services are used among out-of-hours (OOH) visitors with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and whether the use of eHealth (eg, apps, search engines, video services, and social media) was associated with the use of OOH services.

Cost-Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Remote Orthopedic Consultations: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Telemedicine consultations using real-time videoconferencing has the potential to improve access and quality of care, avoid patient travels, and reduce health care costs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of an orthopedic videoconferencing service between the University Hospital of North Norway and a regional medical center in a remote community located 148 km away.

Methods: An economic evaluation based on a randomized controlled trial of 389 patients (559 consultations) referred to the hospital for an orthopedic outpatient consultation was conducted.

Employing a user-centered cognitive walkthrough to evaluate a mHealth diabetes self-management application: A case study and beginning method validation.

Introduction: Self-management of chronic diseases using mobile health (mHealth) systems and applications is becoming common. Current evaluation methods such as formal usability testing can be very costly and time-consuming; others may be more efficient but lack a user focus. We propose an enhanced cognitive walkthrough (CW) method, the user-centered CW (UC-CW), to address identified deficiencies in the original technique and perform a beginning validation with think aloud protocol (TA) to assess its effectiveness, efficiency and user acceptance in a case study with diabetes patient users on a mHealth self-management application.

What Are Diabetes Patients Versus Health Care Personnel Discussing on Social Media?

Background: Use of social media is increasing rapidly, also in health care and diabetes. However, patients, health care personnel, and patient organizations discuss diabetes on social media very differently. This has led to a lack of common ground when these stakeholders communicate about diabetes and a gap in understanding one another's point of view.

The Service User Technology Acceptability Questionnaire: Psychometric Evaluation of the Norwegian Version.

Background: When developing a mobile health app, users' perception of the technology should preferably be evaluated. However, few standardized and validated questionnaires measuring acceptability are available.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Norwegian version of the Service User Technology Acceptability Questionnaire (SUTAQ).

Preferences and interests of diabetes social media users regarding a health-promotion intervention.

Background: Nowadays, rapid and accessible participatory research on diabetes can be carried out using social media platforms. The objective of this study was to identify preferences and interests of diabetic social media users regarding a health-promotion intervention targeting them.

Methods: Social media followers of the Norwegian Diabetes Association were invited to participate in the creation of a health-promotion intervention on diabetes by expressing their opinions through an online questionnaire posted on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

Diabetes on Twitter: A Sentiment Analysis.

Background: Contents published on social media have an impact on individuals and on their decision making. Knowing the sentiment toward diabetes is fundamental to understanding the impact that such information could have on people affected with this health condition and their family members. The objective of this study is to analyze the sentiment expressed in messages on diabetes posted on Twitter.