Prospective Association of Daily Steps With Cardiovascular Disease: A Harmonized Meta-Analysis.

Background: Taking fewer than the widely promoted "10 000 steps per day" has recently been associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality. The relationship of steps and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remains poorly described. A meta-analysis examining the dose-response relationship between steps per day and CVD can help inform clinical and public health guidelines.

Performance of the European Society of Cardiology 0/1-Hour, 0/2-Hour, and 0/3-Hour Algorithms for Rapid Triage of Acute Myocardial Infarction : An International Collaborative Meta-analysis.

Background: The 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend using the 0/1-hour and 0/2-hour algorithms over the 0/3-hour algorithm as the first and second choices of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn)-based strategies for triage of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of the ESC 0/1-hour, 0/2-hour, and 0/3-hour algorithms.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020.

Genetic Deficiency of TRAF5 Promotes Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Aggravates Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice.

Objective: The accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes is a prerequisite of adipose tissue inflammation during cardiometabolic disease. We previously reported that a genetic deficiency of the intracellular signaling adaptor TRAF5 (TNF [tumor necrosis factor] receptor-associated factor 5) accelerates atherosclerosis in mice by increasing inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an impairment of TRAF5 signaling modulates adipose tissue inflammation and its metabolic complications in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice.

Perspectives for systems biology in the management of tuberculosis.

Standardised management of tuberculosis may soon be replaced by individualised, precision medicine-guided therapies informed with knowledge provided by the field of systems biology. Systems biology is a rapidly expanding field of computational and mathematical analysis and modelling of complex biological systems that can provide insights into mechanisms underlying tuberculosis, identify novel biomarkers, and help to optimise prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. These advances are critically important in the context of the evolving epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Consumption of Meat, Fish, Dairy Products, and Eggs and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease.

Background: There is uncertainty about the relevance of animal foods to the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We examined meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs and risk for IHD in the pan-European EPIC cohort (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition).

Methods: In this prospective study of 409 885 men and women in 9 European countries, diet was assessed with validated questionnaires and calibrated with 24-hour recalls.

Improved Retention of Chest Compression Psychomotor Skills With Brief "Rolling Refresher" Training.

Introduction: High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical to improve survival from cardiac arrest. However, cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and psychomotor skill proficiency are transient. We hypothesized that brief, in situ refresher training will improve chest compression (CC) psychomotor skill retention for bedside providers.

Diverging white matter trajectories in children after traumatic brain injury: The RAPBI study.

Objective: To examine longitudinal trajectories of white matter organization in pediatric moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) over a 12-month period.

Methods: We studied 21 children (16 M/5 F) with msTBI, assessed 2-5 months postinjury and again 13-19 months postinjury, as well as 20 well-matched healthy control children. We assessed corpus callosum function through interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT), measured using event-related potentials, and related this to diffusion-weighted MRI measures of white matter (WM) microstructure.

Which factors influence radiographic progression during treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in clinical practice? Results from 930 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the nationwide Danish DANBIO registry.

Objective: To investigate baseline characteristics associated with radiographic progression and the effect of disease activity, drug, switching, and withdrawal on radiographic progression in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) followed for about 2 years after anti-TNF initiation in clinical practice.

Methods: DANBIO-registered patients with RA who had available radiographs (anti-TNF initiation and ∼2 yrs followup) were included. Radiographs were scored, blinded to chronology with the Sharp/van der Heijde method and linked with DANBIO data.

Two-view digital breast tomosynthesis screening with synthetically reconstructed projection images: comparison with digital breast tomosynthesis with full-field digital mammographic images.

Purpose: To compare the performance of two versions of reconstructed two-dimensional (2D) images in combination with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) versus the performance of standard full-field digital mammography (FFDM) plus DBT.

Materials And Methods: This trial had ethical committee approval, and all participants gave written informed consent. Examinations (n = 24 901) in women between the ages of 50 and 69 years (mean age, 59.

The influence of compression on the healing of experimental tibial fractures.

Purpose: Experimental studies of the effects of various mechanical conditions and stimuli on bone healing have disclosed an improvement potential in bone fracture mineralization and biomechanical properties. We therefore evaluated the effect of a clinically practicable application of a mechanical compressive interfragmentary stimulus on the healing of experimental tibial diaphyseal fractures.

Methods: Sixty Male rats received a standardized tibial shaft osteotomy stabilized with a unilateral external fixator with a zero interfragmentary distance, and then randomly assigned to the compression (N=20), control (N=20) or distraction (N=20) group.

The Effect of timing of conversion from external fixation to secondary intramedullary nailing in experimental tibial fractures.

Diaphyseal tibial fractures with initial temporary external fixation (EF) are usually converted to intramedullary nailing (IMN) within 2 weeks, and no consensus on the optimal conversion time point exists. Current clinical practice is mainly based on estimation of the risk of postoperative infection. This is the first investigation of the effect of timing of such conversion on fracture healing.

External fixation compared to intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures in the rat.

Background And Purpose: It is not known whether there is a difference in bone healing after external fixation and after intramedullary nailing. We therefore compared fracture healing in rats after these two procedures.

Methods: 40 male rats were subjected to a standardized tibial shaft osteotomy and were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: external fixation or intramedullary nailing.

Evidence-based medicine works best when there is evidence: challenges in palliative medicine when randomized controlled trials are not possible.

Randomized controlled trials provide the best evidence for the safety and effectiveness of interventions. However, the reliance on this study design as the only criterion for credible evidence is not possible in all areas of palliative medicine. Although we must exercise caution in making definitive claims from uncontrolled trial data, limitations in performing controlled trials should neither preclude the use of findings from well-designed nonrandomized controlled trials nor, more importantly, deprive patients of potentially effective treatments.

Mechanical ventilation in critically ill cancer patients: outcome and utilisation of resources.

Intensive care is increasingly being used in the management of cancer patients. It is important that a disproportionate share of special care resources is not expended on futile care of terminally ill patients. A requirement for mechanical ventilation has been stated to affect survival in cancer patients.