Occupational exposure and chronic bronchitis in a sample of the general population in Telemark, Norway: a two-phased cross-sectional study.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB), examine its association with occupational exposure to irritants assessed by self-reporting or the Nordic job exposure matrix (N-JEM) stratified by smoking status and estimate the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of CB from occupational exposure.

Methods: A two-phased, cross-sectional design was used to analyse a random sample collected in 2013 and 2018 of the population aged 16-55 years in Telemark County, Norway. CB was defined as cough and sputum production for ≥3 months over 2 consecutive years.

Cohort profile: the Norwegian Neck and Back Registry (NNRR): a medical quality registry for patients with neck and back complaints.

Purpose: The Norwegian Neck and Back Registry (Norsk Nakke og Rygg Register, NNRR) was established to improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment in patients with neck and back complaints at Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) in Norwegian hospitals. The purpose of this cohort profile is to describe the data from registered patients from 2016 to 2022 and linkage opportunities.

Participants: The registry includes adult patients with neck and back complaints referred to PMR multidisciplinary neck and back outpatient clinics in Norwegian hospitals.

Depletion of crude oil and fuel in the Arctic. Summer and winter field studies with immobilized oil in seawater at Svalbard.

Seasonal dynamics can vastly influence the natural depletion of oil spilled into the ocean and the Arctic regions are characterized by large seasonal changes, especially in temperature and daylight. To determine the influences of seasonal variation on natural oil depletion processes like dissolution, photooxidation and biodegradation, we deployed thin films of three oils in natural seawater during the Arctic summer and winter in Svalbard, Norway. The extent of oil depletion varied with season and the type of the oil, however, considerable depletion of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic compounds were observed during both summer and winter.

The impact of team-based primary care on quality-related healthcare services and access to primary care: Norway's primary healthcare teams pilot program.

This study evaluates Norway's Primary Healthcare Teams (PHT) pilot program, which introduced team-based care in general practice clinics to improve care for patients with complex conditions. Practices hired nurses and chose between an activity-based or block funding model. This analysis examines the activity-based funding model, which incorporated fee-for-service (FFS) for nurses.

Estimation of inlet flow rate in simulations of left atrial flows: A proposed optimized and reference-based algorithm with application to sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation.

Medical image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a valuable tool for studying cardiovascular hemodynamics and its role in vascular pathologies. However, patient-specific flow rate measurements are rare. As a remedy, individual flow rates are typically estimated using anatomical features.

MRI-based cortical gray/white matter contrast in young adults who endorse psychotic experiences or are at genetic risk for psychosis.

Research has reported group-level differences in cortical grey/white matter contrast (GWC) in individuals with psychotic disorders. However, no studies to date have explored GWC in individuals at elevated risk for psychosis. In this study, we examined brain microstructure differences between young adults with psychotic-like experiences or a high genetic risk for psychosis and unaffected individuals.

Modeling Charge Collection in Silicon Pixel Detectors for Proton Therapy Applications.

Monolithic active pixel sensors are used for charged particle tracking in many applications, from medical physics to astrophysics. The Bergen pCT collaboration designed a sampling calorimeter for proton computed tomography, based entirely on the ALICE PIxel DEtector (ALPIDE). The same telescope can be used for in-situ range verification in particle therapy.

Soft tissue manipulation enhances recovery of muscle mass in a disuse model of sarcopenia.

Context: Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by low muscle mass and function that places individuals at greater risk of disability, loss of independence, and death. Current therapies include addressing underlying performance issues, resistance training, and/or nutritional strategies. However, these approaches have significant limitations, and chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia may blunt the anabolic response to exercise and nutrition.

Vedolizumab for prevention of lower-GI acute GVHD in the Japanese subgroup analysis of the phase 3 GRAPHITE study.

In the randomized, double-blind, phase 3 GRAPHITE study (NCT03657160), anti-αβ integrin antibody vedolizumab showed greater efficacy than placebo for prevention of lower-gastrointestinal (GI) acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after unrelated allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab versus placebo for lower-GI aGVHD prevention in Japanese and non-Japanese patients, when added to standard GVHD prophylaxis (calcineurin inhibitor + methotrexate/mycophenolate mofetil + / - anti-thymocyte globulin [ATG]). The analysis included 35 (18 vedolizumab-treated, 17 placebo-treated) Japanese and 298 (150 vedolizumab-treated, 148 placebo-treated) non-Japanese patients.

Dynamic Mathematical Processing Through Symbolic, Situational, and Verbal Representations.

In this paper, we discuss symbolic, situational, and verbal mathematical processing. These three modes of processing are conducted by the mediums of symbolic, situational, and verbal mathematical representations. While symbolic processing is a suppressive-oriented mechanism, situational one is receptive-oriented and reliant on sensorimotor features of elements in the context of mathematical representation.

Multimodal neuromonitoring in the nordic countries: experiences and attitudes - a multi-institutional survey.

Background: Multimodal neuromonitoring (MMM) aids early detection of secondary brain injury in neurointensive care and facilitates research in pathophysiologic mechanisms of the injured brain. Invasive ICP monitoring has been the gold standard for decades, however additional methods exist (aMMM). It was hypothesized that local practices regarding aMMM vary considerably and that inter-and intracenter consensus is low.

The Rate of Major Complications Following Distal Radial Fractures Treated With One Specific Volar Locking Plate: A Retrospective Study of 1,597 Consecutive Cases in 1,564 Patients.

Purpose: Current knowledge of complication rates after volar plating of distal radius fractures mainly relies on studies of low to moderate numbers and various implants. This study sought to find the incidence of complications leading to reoperation in a sample of distal radius fractures treated with one specific volar locking plate (VLP).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1,597 distal radius fractures in 1,564 patients operated with a VLP from January 2011 to December 2017 for complications leading to a reoperation.

Germline variants in CDKN2A wild-type melanoma prone families.

Germline pathogenic variants in CDKN2A are well established as an underlying cause of familial malignant melanoma. While pathogenic variants in other genes have also been linked to melanoma, most familial cases remain unexplained. We assessed pathogenic germline variants in 360 cancer-related genes in 56 Norwegian melanoma-prone families.

Preserving the Biologically Coherent Generic Concept of , 'Plant Destroyer'.

is a long-established, well known and globally important genus of plant pathogens. Phylogenetic evidence has shown that the biologically distinct, obligate biotrophic downy mildews evolved from at least twice. Since, cladistically, this renders 'paraphyletic', it has been proposed that evolutionary clades be split into multiple genera (Runge et al.

Key Factors to Consider for Candida auris Screening in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review.

Background: Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that is often multidrug-resistant. It can persist on skin and in hospital environments, leading to outbreaks and severe infections for patients at risk. Several countries and institutions are working on establishing guidelines and recommendations for prevention.

Climate change and gendered vulnerability: A systematic review of women's health.

Background: Climate change is an urgent global threat, with women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately facing adverse health outcomes. Gendered roles, combined with socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors, exacerbate women's vulnerabilities, increasing the burden of mental health issues, water insecurity, sanitation challenges, and caregiving responsibilities.

Objectives: This review seeks to systematically examine the intersection between climate change and gendered health vulnerabilities, with a particular focus on women.

Revealing the clinical relevance of .

Unlabelled: , previously misidentified as , was first described as a new species in 2020. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical relevance of by combining clinical data, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and biofilm formation in isolates obtained from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. We established a collection of 129 .

Influence of instrument choice on fear of childbirth after assisted vaginal delivery: A secondary analysis of the Bergen birth study.

Introduction: Assisted vaginal delivery has been associated with a negative childbirth experience and the development of secondary fear of childbirth, although it is less consistent than emergency Cesarean delivery. Whether the choice of instrument influences this, and the woman's preference for delivery mode in a potential subsequent pregnancy, is unknown. Our objective was to assess the association between the choice of instrument during assisted vaginal delivery, secondary fear of childbirth, and preference for an elective Cesarean delivery in a potential subsequent pregnancy.

Young doctors' attrition and retention in the GP scheme: a national cohort study from Norway.

Aims: Several countries struggle with general practitioner (GP) burnout, recruitment and retention. The reasons are not well understood. The aim of this study was to predict the tenure of young GPs in the GP scheme and detect important predictors for remaining or leaving.

Proactive psychosocial follow-up of youth exposed to a terrorist attack: longitudinal study linking interviews and register-based data.

Background: Knowledge on efficient approaches to the provision of post-disaster psychosocial care is urgently needed. To prevent unmet healthcare needs, proactive follow-up by municipal contact persons was recommended for survivors of the Utøya youth camp attack in Norway.

Aims: To examine characteristics of the survivors by whether or not they had a contact person in the early (0-5 months), intermediary (5-15 months) and long-term (20-32 months) aftermath of the attack, and to describe the survivors' experiences with the contact person.

Emotion Induction Modulates Neural Dynamics Related to the Originality of Ideational Creativity.

Emotions remarkably impact our creative minds; nevertheless, a comprehensive mapping of their underlying neural mechanisms remains elusive. Therefore, we examined the influence of emotion induction on ideational originality and its associated neural dynamics. Participants were randomly presented with three short videos with sad, neutral, and happy content.

A study on the implementation of dual career at European higher education institutions: the student-athletes' and experts' views.

Introduction: The holistic development of elite athletes is ty within European sports policies, necessitating a coordinated approach to dual career support. This study evaluated the perspectives of both university experts and student-athletes (S-As) on various dual career aspects, aiming to provide actionable insights for improving policies within European higher education institutions (HEIs).

Materials And Methods: Data was collected through an online survey tailored for HEI experts and S-As across multiple countries.

Changes in cognition, coping, pain and emotions after 12-months access to the digital self-management program EPIO.

Background: Psychosocial pain self-management interventions can be of support for people living with chronic pain. Since psychosocial support is not always accessible, digital health interventions may increase outreach of these types of evidence-based interventions.

Objectives: To explore participants' experiences from 12-month access to the digital pain self-management program EPIO, particularly in terms of any behavioral and/or psychological changes experienced.