Self-Assembling of Multilayered Polymorphs with Ion Beams.

Polymorphism determines significant variations in materials' properties by lattice symmetry variation. If they are stacked together into multilayers, polymorphs may work as an alternative approach to the sequential deposition of layers with different chemical compositions. However, selective polymorph crystallization during conventional thin film synthesis is not trivial; changes of temperature or pressure when switching from one polymorph to another during synthesis may cause degradation of the structural quality.

Direct anterior and direct lateral approach in patients with femoral neck fractures receiving a total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Purpose:  The optimal approach to the hip joint in patients with displaced femoral neck fractures (dFNF) receiving a total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains controversial. We compared the direct lateral approach (DLA) with the direct anterior approach (DAA) primarily on Timed Up and Go (TUG), and secondarily on the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), the Oxford Hip Score (OHS), EQ5D-5L, and the EQ5D-VAS.

Methods:  Between 2018 and 2023, we conducted a randomized controlled trial including elderly patients with dFNFs treated with THA.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a Norwegian version of the Goodman Satisfaction Score (GSS-NO) for patients with total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Background And Purpose:  Measuring patient satisfaction after total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important. We aimed to cross-culturally adapt and examine the psychometric properties of the self-reported Goodman Satisfaction Score (GSS) in a sample of Norwegian patients following primary THA and TKA.

Methods:  The GSS was translated and adapted into Norwegian (GSS-NO) following standard guidelines.

Three-Year Follow-up After Antiviral Treatment in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Results From the Diabetes Virus Detection and Intervention Trial.

Objective: In the Diabetes Virus Detection and Intervention trial, antiviral treatment with pleconaril and ribavirin decreased the decline, compared with placebo, in endogenous C-peptide 1 year after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents. This article reports the results 2 and 3 years after diagnosis.

Research Design And Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled (1:1) trial of 96 children and adolescents aged 6-15.

Exploring Tetraselmis chui microbiomes-functional metagenomics for novel catalases and superoxide dismutases.

The focus on microalgae for applications in several fields, e.g. resources for biofuel, the food industry, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, biotechnology, and healthcare, has gained increasing attention over the last decades.

Intestinal interstitial fluid isolation provides novel insight into the human host-microbiome interface.

Aims: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of distinct sub-regions, which exhibit segment-specific differences in microbial colonization and (patho)physiological characteristics. Gut microbes can be collectively considered as an active endocrine organ. Microbes produce metabolites, which can be taken up by the host and can actively communicate with the immune cells in the gut lamina propria with consequences for cardiovascular health.

Using evidence from civil society in national and subnational health policy processes: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (qualitative). The objectives are as follows: To explore the use of evidence from civil society in national and subnational health policy processes. The specific research questions will include the following.

Musculoskeletal Pain as a Risk Factor for Poor Dizziness Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study among Patients With Persistent Vestibular Dizziness.

Objective: Musculoskeletal pain and psychological distress are prevalent comorbidities in patients with persistent dizziness. Little is known about how comorbid pain influences the outcome of persistent dizziness. This study examined the impact of pain on dizziness outcomes and the potential modifying role of psychological distress.

Changes in the Difficulty of Endodontic Cases Treated by Undergraduate Students at a University Clinic Between 1971 and 2019.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the proportions of complicated endodontic cases treated by undergraduate dental students in a University clinic now and in the past.

Material And Methods: Data were obtained from the electronic records and previous publications from the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway. The operators were dental undergraduate students in their final 2 years of training.

Short INDELs and SNPs as markers of evolutionary processes in hybrid zones.

Polymorphic short insertions and deletions (INDELs ≤ 50 bp) are abundant, although less common than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Evidence from model organisms shows INDELs to be more strongly influenced by purifying selection than SNPs. Partly for this reason, INDELs are rarely used as markers for demographic processes or to detect divergent selection.

Trends in childhood asthma in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

Aim: Estimate the incidence of asthma among children aged 0 to 15 years in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden during 2000-2017.

Methods: Cases of preschool asthma (up to 6 years) and school-age asthma (from 6 years) were identified through national registers using an algorithm including hospital diagnoses and prescription medicines. The respective cumulative incidence (CI) was estimated in 1-year age intervals for each country and birth year.

4-O-Methylglucuronoxylan from Hygrophila Ringens var. Ringens Seeds: Chemical Composition and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.

Hygrophila ringens var. ringens is a medicinal plant of the Acanthaceae family. A soluble polysaccharide is extracted from H.

Evaluating genomic selection and speed breeding for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat using stochastic simulations.

Unlabelled: Genomic selection-based breeding programs offer significant advantages over conventional phenotypic selection, particularly in accelerating genetic gains in plant breeding, as demonstrated by simulations focused on combating Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. FHB resistance, a crucial trait, is challenging to breed for due to its quantitative inheritance and environmental influence, leading to slow progress using conventional breeding methods. Stochastic simulations in our study compared various breeding schemes, incorporating genomic selection (GS) and combining it with speed breeding, against conventional phenotypic selection.

Capacitance Measurements of Exocytosis From AII Amacrine Cells in Retinal Slices.

During neuronal synaptic transmission, the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron evokes a change in conductance for one or more types of ligand-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic neuron. The standard method of investigation uses electrophysiological recordings of the postsynaptic response. However, electrophysiological recordings can directly quantify the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters with high temporal resolution by measuring the membrane capacitance before and after exocytosis, as fusion of the membrane of presynaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane increases the total capacitance.

Associations Between Patient-Reported Nutritional Status, Toxicity, and Survival in Limited-Stage SCLC.

Introduction: In general, malnutrition is associated with more treatment toxicity and shorter survival in patients with cancer, but little is known about its impact on limited-stage (LS) SCLC. We investigated whether nutritional status and weight loss were associated with treatment outcomes in a randomized trial of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in LS SCLC (NCT02041845, N = 170).

Methods: Patients received platinum-etoposide-chemotherapy and were randomized to receive TRT of 60 Gy in 40 fractions or 45 Gy in 30 fractions.

Self-Reported Performance and Hormonal-Cycle-Related Symptoms in Competitive Female Athletes.

Introduction: The present scientific consensus is that the menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle only influence performance trivially. Nevertheless, athletes perceive changes in performance that they associate with different phases of their hormonal cycle.

Methods: A total of 959 female athletes completed a questionnaire, of which 750 were included in the present analysis.

River co-learning arenas: principles and practices for transdisciplinary knowledge co-creation and multi-scalar (inter)action.

This paper develops the methodological concept of river co-learning arenas (RCAs) and explores their potential to strengthen innovative grassroots river initiatives, enliven river commons, regenerate river ecologies, and foster greater socio-ecological justice. The integrity of river systems has been threatened in profound ways over the last century. Pollution, damming, canalisation, and water grabbing are some examples of pressures threatening the entwined lifeworlds of human and non-human communities that depend on riverine systems.

Fabrication and optimization of a multielectrode microfluidic electrochemical flow cell for fast and dynamic detection of reaction products.

Construction and experimental validation of electrochemical cells with multiple electrodes in a microfluidic channel is described. Details of the fabrication of the electrodes and polydimethylsiloxane channel using soft lithography methods are given. Calibration of the collection efficiencies and transit times between electrodes validate the use of these cells for fast electrochemical detection of soluble species.

Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for the Intranasal Administration of Dimethyl Fumarate.

Purpose: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), the first-line oral therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, is rapidly metabolized into monomethyl fumarate. The DMF oral administration provokes gastrointestinal discomfort causing treatment withdrawal. The present study aimed to develop an innovative formulation for DMF nasal administration.

The Norwegian version of the Norwich Patellar Instability score has good validity and moderate reproducibility.

Purpose: To translate and adapt the Norwich Patellar Instability (NPI) score into Norwegian, and second, to examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version (NPI-No).

Methods: NPI was translated according to international guidelines. A cohort of 107 patients surgically treated for recurrent patellofemoral instability completed NPI-No, related questionnaires and functional tests prior to and six months post-surgery.

Incidence and prevalence of traumatic and non-traumatic wounds and burns and access to wound care in Sierra Leone; data from a nationwide household survey (PRESSCO) 2020.

Objectives: This wound section of the PREvalence Study on Surgical COnditions (PRESSCO) determines the incidence and prevalence of wounds and burns in Sierra Leone. It further describes access to wound care and wound-related healthcare-seeking behaviour.

Methods: Between October 2019 and March 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional household survey was performed.

Post-testicular spermatozoa of a marine teleost can conduct cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translation.

Translational silence of spermatozoa has long been considered the norm in animals. However, studies in mammals have shown that the mitochondrial ribosomal machinery is selectively activated during capacitation in the female reproductive tract, while cytosolic ribosomes remain inactive. Here, using quantitative proteomics in a piscine model species, we show that proteins involved in mRNA processing and cytoplasmic translation are predominantly accumulated in immature spermatozoa within the extratesticular excurrent ducts, while those related to flagellar motility are enriched in ejaculated (mature) sperm.

A randomized controlled trial of Tickoff® ( ICIPE 7) for control of tick infestations and transmission of tick-borne infections in extensively grazed zebu cattle in coastal Kenya.

The entomopathogenic fungus isolate ICIPE 7 is being developed as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical acaricides in managing natural tick infestation on livestock. Its impact on tick infestation and tick-borne infections in cattle under natural conditions are yet unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled field trial to assess the safety and effects of Tickoff® (a formulation of isolate ICIPE 7) and the chemical acaricide Triatix® on tick infestation and incidence of and in extensively grazed zebu cattle in coastal Kenya.

Size-controlled antimicrobial peptide drug delivery vehicles through complex coacervation.

Due to the escalating threat of the pathogens' capability of quick adaptation to antibiotics, finding new alternatives is crucial. Although antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are highly potent and effective, their therapeutic use is limited' as they are prone to enzymatic degradation, are cytotoxic and have low retention. To overcome these challenges, we investigate the complexation of the cationic AMP colistin with diblock copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)--poly(methacrylic acid) (PEO--PMAA) forming colistin-complex coacervate core micelles (colistin-C3Ms).

Response to critics of .

In response to our critics, we clarify and defend key ideas in the report . First, we argue that procedural fairness has greater value than Dan Hausman allows. Second, we argue that the Report aligns with John Kinuthia's view that a knowledgeable public and a capable civil society, alongside good facilitation, are important for effective public deliberation.