1,177 results match your criteria: "Norwalk Virus"

Background: Human noroviruses are a leading cause of acute and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. The evolution of human noroviruses in immunocompromised persons has been evaluated in many studies. Much less is known about the evolutionary dynamics of human norovirus in healthy adults.

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Background: The in vitro cultivation of human noroviruses allows a comparison of antibody levels measured in neutralization and histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking assays.

Methods: Serum samples collected during the evaluation of an investigational norovirus vaccine (HIL-214 [formerly TAK-214]) were assayed for neutralizing antibody levels against the vaccine's prototype Norwalk virus/genogroup I, genotype 1 (GI.1) (P1) virus strain.

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BACKGROUNDCOVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) virus-specific antibody levels that translate into recipient posttransfusion antibody levels sufficient to prevent disease progression are not defined.METHODSThis secondary analysis correlated donor and recipient antibody levels to hospitalization risk among unvaccinated, seronegative CCP recipients within the outpatient, double-blind, randomized clinical trial that compared CCP to control plasma. The majority of COVID-19 CCP arm hospitalizations (15/17, 88%) occurred in this unvaccinated, seronegative subgroup.

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Gastrointestinal Infections Modulate the Risk for Insulin Autoantibodies as the First-Appearing Autoantibody in the TEDDY Study.

Diabetes Care

November 2023

Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland.

Objective: To investigate gastrointestinal infection episodes (GIEs) in relation to the appearance of islet autoantibodies in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) cohort.

Research Design And Methods: GIEs on risk of autoantibodies against either insulin (IAA) or GAD (GADA) as the first-appearing autoantibody were assessed in a 10-year follow-up of 7,867 children. Stool virome was characterized in a nested case-control study.

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Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In immunocompetent hosts, symptoms usually resolve within three days; however, in immunocompromised persons, HuNoV infection can become persistent, debilitating, and sometimes life-threatening. There are no licensed therapeutics for HuNoV due to a near half-century delay in its cultivation.

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Background: The COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) viral specific antibody levels that translate into recipient post-transfusion antibody levels sufficient to prevent disease progression is not defined.

Methods: This secondary analysis correlated donor and recipient antibody levels to hospitalization risk among unvaccinated, seronegative CCP recipients within the outpatient, double blind, randomized clinical trial that compared CCP to control plasma. The majority of COVID-19 CCP arm hospitalizations (15/17, 88%) occurred in this unvaccinated, seronegative subgroup.

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Human Sapovirus Replication in Human Intestinal Enteroids.

J Virol

April 2023

MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, Ifremer, Nantes, France.

Human sapoviruses (HuSaVs), like human noroviruses (HuNoV), belong to the family and cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. Since their discovery in 1976, numerous attempts to grow HuSaVs were unsuccessful until 2020, when these viruses were reported to replicate in a duodenal cancer cell-derived line. Physiological cellular models allowing viral replication are essential to investigate HuSaV biology and replication mechanisms such as genetic susceptibility, restriction factors, and immune responses to infection.

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Globally, most cases of gastroenteritis are caused by pandemic GII.4 human norovirus (HuNoV) strains with no approved therapies or vaccines available. The cellular pathways that these strains exploit for cell entry and internalization are unknown.

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Investigation of genotype diversity of 7,804 norovirus sequences in humans and animals of China.

Open Life Sci

November 2022

Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 2 Tiantanxili Rd, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.

Article Synopsis
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Article Synopsis
  • Human Norwalk viruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis, known for causing food poisoning outbreaks worldwide.
  • This study introduces a new high-throughput proteomic assay to detect a key viral protein (VP1) in HuNoVs, using mass spectrometry for improved diagnosis and surveillance.
  • The method allows for simultaneous genotyping and quantification of VP1 in stool samples, potentially advancing molecular epidemiology studies and clinical applications for HuNoV detection.
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Edible Vaccine - An Effective Way for Immunization.

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets

May 2023

Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, India.

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Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) cause sporadic and epidemic viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The GII.4 variants are responsible for most HuNoV infections, and GII.

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Norovirus: Facts and Reflections from Past, Present, and Future.

Viruses

November 2021

Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.

Article Synopsis
  • Human Norovirus is the leading viral cause of acute gastroenteritis globally, and despite nearly 50 years of research since the discovery of the Norwalk virus, many aspects of the virus remain poorly understood.
  • The text discusses the historical context and current scientific knowledge about Norovirus, including its clinical and molecular epidemiology, interactions with hosts and microbiota, and developments in antivirals and vaccine prototypes.
  • It also reflects on how the COVID-19 pandemic may influence the future understanding and management of Norovirus infections and diseases.
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Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in many countries that have introduced universal rotavirus mass vaccination. This is the first study to report data on NoV strains in Estonia. We recruited 2249 children aged 0-18 years hospitalized for AGE in Estonian hospitals from February 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016.

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