Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Rapid and Sustained Resolution of Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum With Aerosol Steroid Treatment.

Background: Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is a non-infectious neutrophilic dermatosis most commonly seen in the context of ostomies in inflammatory bowel disease. The lack of established treatment guidelines and high-quality evidence in the form of randomized controlled trials present a major challenge in PPG management, owing to the rarity of the condition. Treatment can be further complicated by difficulties in maintaining the stoma pouch seal with conventional topical corticosteroids.

Development of a machine learning algorithm to identify cauda equina compression on MRI scans.

Objective: Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) poses significant neurological risks if untreated. Diagnosis relies on clinical and radiological features. As the symptoms are often non specific and common, the diagnosis is usually made after a MRI scan.

Large-scale evaluation of outcomes after a genetic diagnosis in children with severe developmental disorders.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate outcomes for clinical management after a genetic diagnosis from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study.

Methods: Individuals in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study who had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic genotype in the DECIPHER database were selected for inclusion ( = 5010). Clinical notes from regional clinical genetics services notes were reviewed to assess predefined clinical outcomes relating to interventions, prenatal choices, and information provision.

Management of post-operative anaemia in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: a qualitative focus group-based study.

Background: Optimal management of anaemia following surgery for colorectal cancer remains unclear. Peri-operative anaemia is common in patients undergoing resectional surgery for colorectal cancer. A significant amount of research has been conducted into the management of pre-operative anaemia; however, little work has investigated post-operative anaemia.

Randomized Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Transurethral Resection for Staging New Bladder Cancers: Results From the Prospective BladderPath Trial.

Purpose: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the initial staging procedure for new bladder cancers (BCs). For muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs), TURBT may delay definitive treatment. We investigated whether definitive treatment can be expedited for MIBC using flexible cystoscopic biopsy and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for initial staging.

Cost efficiency of inpatient rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: the first international adaptation of the UK approach.

Objectives: To adapt and apply a model for evaluating the functional benefits and cost efficiency of specialist inpatient rehabilitation to the Australian context, comparing functional outcomes and savings in the cost of ongoing care after acquired brain injury.

Design: An observational cohort analysis of prospectively collected clinical data from admission to discharge, with follow-up to 3 years.

Setting: A newly established state-wide inpatient postacute rehabilitation unit in Victoria, Australia for patients with moderate to severe acquired brain injury.

First-Line Chemo-Immunotherapy in SCLC: Outcomes of a Binational Real-World Study.

Introduction: SCLC is characterized by aggressiveness and limited treatment options, especially in extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). Immunotherapy added to the platinum-etoposide combination has recently become standard in this setting. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of chemo-immunotherapy in patients with ES-SCLC, focusing on subpopulations excluded from clinical trials.

Effect of Buspirone on Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background/aims: Buspirone shows promise in treating disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs), particularly functional dyspepsia. However, findings have been mixed.

Methods: We systematically searched for prospective studies testing buspirone for any upper gastrointestinal DGBI in 4 databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo).

Postdural puncture headache: Beyond the evidence.

Despite advances in procedural techniques and equipment, postdural puncture headache (PDPH) remains a serious complication of labour epidural analgesia after accidental dural puncture (ADP). Often considered a temporary inconvenience, PDPH can be debilitating in the short term. It can also be associated with chronic manifestations and serious complications.

Review of Outcomes of Intramedullary Fibular Nails in the Management of Ankle Fractures in Adults.

Distal fibula fractures involving the ankle are one of the most common fractures, often requiring open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws. The increased incidence of potential wound complications arising from open reduction methods led to a rejuvenated interest in the application of minimally invasive methods like intramedullary nailing of the fibula in the management of ankle fractures and isolated distal fibular fractures. A literature search was performed using Medline, Cochrane, and Embase from 1993 to 2023.

CIROZ is dispensable in ancestral vertebrates but essential for left-right patterning in humans.

Four genes-DAND5, PKD1L1, MMP21, and CIROP-form a genetic module that has specifically evolved in vertebrate species that harbor motile cilia in their left-right organizer (LRO). We find here that CIROZ (previously known as C1orf127) is also specifically expressed in the LRO of mice, frogs, and fish, where it encodes a protein with a signal peptide followed by 3 zona pellucida N domains, consistent with extracellular localization. We report 16 individuals from 10 families with bi-allelic CIROZ inactivation variants, which cause heterotaxy with congenital heart defects.

EAES rapid guideline: surgical management of complicated diverticulitis - with ESCP participation.

Background: The surgical management of complicated diverticulitis varies across Europe. EAES members prioritized this topic to be addressed by a clinical practice guideline through an online questionnaire.

Objective: To develop evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for key stakeholders involved in the treatment of complicated diverticulitis; to improve operative and perioperative outcomes, patient experience and quality of life through a systematic evidence-to-decision approach by a diverse, multidisciplinary panel.

Surgical management of complicated diverticulitis: systematic review and individual patient data network meta-analysis : An EAES/ESCP collaborative project.

Background: We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of individualized patient data (IPD) to inform the development of evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central in October 2023 to identify RCTs comparing Hartmann's resection (HR), primary resection and anastomosis (PRA), or laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) among patients with class Ib-IV Hinchey diverticulitis. Outcomes of interest were prioritized by an international, multidisciplinary panel including two patient partners.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) 'controlled' second-degree places in the UK - there are sufficient numbers (with high application ratios) to meet current and future OMFS recruitment needs in the UK.

In 2008 the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB) Review of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) recommended that OMFS specialty training should start with second-degree studies. This recommendation has not yet happened. Currently, no OMFS controlled places at medical/dental schools are directly linked to OMFS Specialty Training (ST) posts.

Comparison of preference-based health-related quality of life measures for chronic neck pain: a pooled analysis of data from three RCTs.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify a preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measure that best reflects disease-specific features in patients with neck pain by comparing the characteristics of the instruments.

Design: Pooled data from three multicentre randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) on neck pain were included for analysis in this study.

Setting: All three RCTs were conducted between 2017 and 2020 in Korea, and patients were recruited from four hospitals and one university teaching hospital.

Histological assessment of extensive or unresectable central giant cell granulomas treated with denosumab - A case series.

Objective: The management of large central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) can pose a significant surgical challenge. In such circumstances, the use of denosumab has been proposed with the literature reporting varying degrees of success. Histopathological assessment of CGCG post-denosumab treatment remains unknown.

Relationship Between Severity of Ischemia and Coronary Artery Disease for Different Stress Test Modalities in the ISCHEMIA Trial.

Background: The relationship between the extent and severity of stress-induced ischemia and the extent and severity of anatomic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with obstructive CAD is multifactorial and includes the intensity of stress achieved, type of testing used, presence and extent of prior infarction, collateral blood flow, plaque characteristics, microvascular disease, coronary vasomotor tone, and genetic factors. Among chronic coronary disease participants with site-determined moderate or severe ischemia, we investigated associations between ischemia severity on stress testing and the extent of CAD on coronary computed tomography angiography.

Methods: Clinically indicated stress testing included nuclear imaging, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, or nonimaging exercise tolerance test.

CHIME Syndrome in a Child With Homozygous PIGL p.Leu167Pro Variant.

CHIME syndrome is a variable condition characterized by ichthyosiform dermatosis, accompanied by intellectual disability, ocular colobomas, ear anomalies, and heart defects. It is an autosomal recessive condition caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the PIGL gene. Until now, all reports of individuals affected with CHIME syndrome showed the PIGL c.