Gastrointestinal challenges in nephropathic cystinosis: clinical perspectives.

Gastrointestinal (GI) sequelae, such as vomiting, hyperacidity, dysphagia, dysmotility, and diarrhea, are nearly universal among patients with nephropathic cystinosis. These complications result from disease processes (e.g.

TOP2B Enzymatic Activity on Promoters and Introns Modulates Multiple Oncogenes in Human Gliomas.

Purpose: The epigenetic mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation leading to malignant phenotype in gliomas remains poorly understood. Topoisomerase IIB (TOP2B), an enzyme that decoils and releases torsional forces in DNA, is overexpressed in a subset of gliomas. Therefore, we investigated its role in epigenetic regulation in these tumors.

Bethesda 2014: improving on a paradigm shift.

The third iteration of the Bethesda System terminology manual was recently published. This update included changes in the reporting of benign endometrial cells, and guidance for special adequacy situations and for cases in which low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions are accompanied by some cells suggesting that a high grade lesion might also be present. In addition, the manual was increased in size to include more illustrations with special studies and comparisons to histology, a greatly increased reference list, and a new chapter devoted to the modern practice of risk-based management.

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: proposed modifications and updates for the second edition from an international panel.

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) was proposed in 2007 at the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration State of the Art and Science » Conference held in Bethesda, Maryland. The aim was to address the inconsistent and sometimes confusing reporting terminologies used for thyroid FNA throughout the world. The TBSRTC consists of 6 diagnostic categories, each associated with an implied risk of malignancy that translates directly into a clinical management algorithm.

Innovative Operations Measures and Nutritional Support for Mass Endurance Events.

Endurance and sporting events have increased in popularity and participation in recent years worldwide, and with this comes the need for medical directors to apply innovative operational strategies and nutritional support to meet such demands. Mass endurance events include sports such as cycling and running half, full and ultra-marathons with over 1000 participants. Athletes, trainers and health care providers can all agree that both participant outcomes and safety are of the utmost importance for any race or sporting event.