Emerging targeted therapies and strategies to overcome resistance in biliary tract cancers.

In the last decade, targeted therapies have shown rapid advancement in biliary tract cancer (BTC). Today, many targeted agents are available and under investigation for patients with BTC. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as durvalumab and pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (gem/cis) have resulted in improved overall survival and progression-free survival in the first-line setting.