Factors Associated with Depressive and Anxiety Symptom Trajectories Across Pregnancy and Postpartum in Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Treated Individuals.

Objective: The primary purpose of this article is to identify factors that are associated with worsening mood and anxiety trajectories across the perinatal period among pregnant individuals receiving treatment with a selective-serotonin reupdate inhibitor.

Methods: This secondary analysis of primary data from the original article, Trajectories of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Across Pregnancy and Postpartum in Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Treated Women, explores if number of lifetime episodes of depression as characterized in the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, elevated maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACE) score, or specific obstetric or neonatal factors from the Peripartum Events Scale (PES) were associated with membership in trajectory groups with the highest symptom burden.

Results: No difference in ACE scores or obstetric or neonatal factors were associated with membership in the trajectory groups using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and bi-variable logistic regression.

Modeling diabetic endothelial dysfunction with patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells.

Diabetes is a known risk factor for various cardiovascular complications, mediated by endothelial dysfunction. Despite the high prevalence of this metabolic disorder, there is a lack of in vitro models that recapitulate the complexity of genetic and environmental factors associated with diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Here, we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) to develop in vitro models of diabetic endothelial dysfunction.

Percutaneous coronary intervention for ventricular fibrillation in the setting of an anomalous right coronary artery.

We present a case of a quadriplegic male who developed ventricular fibrillation associated with an anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery. Successful revascularization was achieved with percutaneous coronary intervention. This case highlights the application of an unconventional approach to resolve ischemia in a patient with prohibitive surgical risk.

Exploring Depression and Nutritional Covariates Amongst US Adults using Shapely Additive Explanations.

Background: Depression affects personal and public well-being and identification of natural therapeutics such as nutrition is necessary to help alleviate this public health concern.

Objective: The study aimed to identify feature importance in a machine learning model using solely nutrition covariates.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using a modern, nationally representative cohort, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2017-2020).

Face Name Associative Memory Exam and biomarker status in the ARMADA study: Advancing reliable measurement in Alzheimer's disease and cognitive aging.

The Face Name Associative Memory Exam (FNAME) was introduced into the NIH Toolbox as part of the ARMADA study and establishes normative data for diverse participants, ages 64 to 85+, and proposes cutoff scores between biomarker positive versus negative (+/-) groups. The FNAME was administered to 257 participants across the clinical spectrum with 122 having amyloid biomarkers. Linear regression explored the association between demographics and FNAME and between amyloid (+/-) groups.

Outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy after surgery for congenital heart disease: A 20-year experience.

Objective: Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) requiring cardiovascular surgery (CVS) rarely require tracheostomy placement; however the mortality rate remains high. The study aimed to analyze the incidence of tracheostomy in children with CHD, and to determine factors contributing to postoperative outcomes, decannulation rates, and mortality.

Methods: Retrospective case series of children ≤18 years old with CHD status post-CVS who underwent tracheostomy placement between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2020.

Increased vigorous exercise and decreased sedentary activities are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in United States adults: Analysis of The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020.

Background And Aims: Depression is a major public health concern that affects over 4% of the global population. Identification of new nonpharmacologic recommendations will help decrease the burden of disease. The overarching of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in a large sample of adults in the United States.

Do emergency medicine residents have access to healthy food options during work hours?

Background: Relatively little data describe how diet and food choices impact trainee well-being despite evidence that diet impacts both physical and mental health. The objective was to describe food options available to emergency medicine (EM) residents when on duty.

Methods: A survey utilizing closed-ended, binary, rank-order responses was developed by experts in graduate medical education and wellness; it was piloted, revised, and then electronically distributed to 211 EM residency programs over 2 weeks in 2021.

Diabetes is associated with increased risk of death in COVID-19 hospitalizations in Mexico 2020: A retrospective cohort study.

Background And Aim: The COVID-19 disease course can be thought of as a function of prior risk factors consisting of comorbidities and outcomes. Survival analysis data for diabetic patients with COVID-19 from an up to date and representative sample can increase efficiency in resource allocation. The study aimed to quantify mortality in Mexico for individuals with diabetes in the setting of COVID-19 hospitalization.

The role of emergency physicians in the fight against health misinformation: Implications for resident training.

Emergency physicians on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic are first-hand witnesses to the direct impact of health misinformation and disinformation on individual patients, communities, and public health at large. Therefore, emergency physicians naturally have a crucial role to play to steward factual information and combat health misinformation. Unfortunately, most physicians lack the communications and social media training needed to address health misinformation with patients and online, highlighting an obvious gap in emergency medicine training.

Impact of the Dopamine System on Long-Term Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease: An Exploratory Study.

Background: Little is known about the impact of the dopamine system on development of cognitive impairment (CI) in Parkinson disease (PD).

Objectives: We used data from a multi-site, international, prospective cohort study to explore the impact of dopamine system-related biomarkers on CI in PD.

Methods: PD participants were assessed annually from disease onset out to 7 years, and CI determined by applying cut-offs to four measures: (1) Montreal Cognitive Assessment; (2) detailed neuropsychological test battery; (3) Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) cognition score; and (4) site investigator diagnosis of CI (mild cognitive impairment or dementia).

Comparing two definitions of pediatric complexity among children cared for in general and pediatric emergency departments in a statewide sample.

Objective: The number of children cared for in emergency departments (EDs) with medical complexity continues to rise. We sought to identify the concordance between 2 commonly used criteria of medical complexity among children presenting to a statewide sample of EDs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of children presenting to a statewide sample of Illinois EDs between 2016 and 2021.

Jackson Heart Study: Aggregate cardiovascular disease risk and auditory profiles.

Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cochlear function in African Americans.

Methods: Relationships between hearing loss, cochlear function, and CVD risk factors were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 1106 Jackson Heart Study participants. Hearing loss was defined as puretone average (PTA) > 15 dB HL.

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes have an increased risk for pneumonia, intensive care unit requirement, intubation, and death: A cross-sectional cohort study in Mexico in 2020.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic health condition that has been linked with an increased risk of severe illness and mortality from COVID-19. In Mexico, the impact of diabetes on COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients has not been fully quantified. Understanding the increased risk posed by diabetes in this patient population can help healthcare providers better allocate resources and improve patient outcomes.

Bridging the gap: A library-based collaboration to enhance data skills for clinical researchers.

Introduction: Enterprise data warehouses (EDWs) serve as foundational infrastructure in a modern learning health system, housing clinical and other system-wide data and making it available for research, strategic, and quality improvement purposes. Building on a longstanding partnership between Northwestern University's Galter Health Sciences Library and the Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse (NMEDW), an end-to-end clinical research data management (cRDM) program was created to enhance clinical data workforce capacity and further expand related library-based services for the campus.

Methods: The training program covers topics such as clinical database architecture, clinical coding standards, and translation of research questions into queries for proper data extraction.

Curated collections for educators: Nine key articles and article series for teaching qualitative research methods.

Background: Qualitative research explains observations, focusing on how and why phenomena and experiences occur. Qualitative methods go beyond quantitative data and provide critical information inaccessible through quantitative methods. However, at all levels of medical education, there is insufficient exposure to qualitative research.

Listening session with the US Food and Drug Administration, Lewy Body Dementia Association, and an expert panel.

Unlabelled: The regulatory path for drug approval is increasingly well defined. Drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) need to show statistically significant benefit over placebo with respect to cognitive and functional measures, with the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale being among the most often used instruments in AD clinical trials. In contrast, there are no validated instruments for use in clinical trials of drugs for the treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Age-based centiles for diastolic blood pressure among children in the out-of-hospital emergency setting.

Objective: To compare Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) criteria to empirically derived DBP criteria for the prediction of out-of-hospital interventions in children.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of pediatric (<18 years) encounters from the ESO Data Collaborative, which includes approximately 2000 Emergency Medical Services agencies in the United States. We developed age-based centile curves for DBP using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape.

The financial burden of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses on caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis in the United States.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with elevated financial costs, including out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses. Yet, the full burden of OOP expenses in children with AD is poorly understood.

Objectives: We sought to characterise categories, impact, and associations of caregiver-reported OOP AD healthcare expenses for US children.

Comparing the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 measures such as masking, social distancing, and staying indoors may mitigate chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms. We evaluate whether these measures correlated with improved symptoms in patients with CRS.

Methods: This retrospective study compared SNOT-22 survey data from the Northwestern CRS Registry at the time of enrollment and at years 1-5 of follow-up.

Training the next generation of learning health system scientists.

Introduction: The learning health system (LHS) aligns science, informatics, incentives, stakeholders, and culture for continuous improvement and innovation. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute designed a K12 initiative to grow the number of LHS scientists. We describe approaches developed by 11 funded centers of excellence (COEs) to promote partnerships between scholars and health system leaders and to provide mentored research training.