Environmental DNA-based assessment of multitrophic biodiversity in a typical river located in the Loess Plateau, China: Influence of PAHs and suspended sediments.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution and high suspended sediment (SS) contents are significant anthropogenic and natural stressors that threaten aquatic biodiversity. However, the characteristics of multitrophic biological communities and their co-occurrence patterns in response to PAHs in sediment-laden rivers remain unclear. This study investigated the spatial distribution of species across three trophic levels, including algae, metazoan, and fish, in the Beiluo River on the Loess Plateau, China, using environmental DNA metabarcoding.

Boosting of the piezoelectric photocatalytic performance of BiMoO by Fe doping and construction S-scheme heterojunction using WO.

Although self-polarized piezoelectric semiconductor photocatalysts significantly enhance the separation of internally generated photocarriers, their photocatalytic performance is constrained by insufficient internal polarisation and a wide bandgap. Additionally, the low concentration of oxygen in contaminated water limits the effectiveness of such photocatalysts. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to determine that the piezoelectric properties of BiMoO (BMO), was due to the polarisation displacement of the MoO octahedron that occurred along the x-axis, as revealed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Quantifying the global biodiversity of Proterozoic eukaryotes.

The global diversity of Proterozoic eukaryote fossils is poorly quantified despite its fundamental importance to the understanding of macroevolutionary patterns and dynamics on the early Earth. Here we report a new construction of fossil eukaryote diversity from the Paleoproterozoic to early Cambrian based on a comprehensive data compilation and quantitative analyses. The resulting taxonomic richness curve verifies Cryogenian glaciations as a major divide that separates the "Boring Billion" and Ediacaran periods, with the former characterized by a prolonged stasis, and the latter by greater diversity, more-rapid turnover, and multiple radiations and extinctions.

Automatic deep learning method for analysis and prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: This study conducted a comparative analysis among newborns with varying levels of hyperbilirubinemia, explored the relationships between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image features and serum bilirubin levels in hyperbilirubinemia, and proposed an automatic classification system based on deep learning (DL) for prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 606 consecutive neonates who had their serum bilirubin detected at the Xi'an Fourth Hospital, including 273 cases of patients and 333 cases of normal controls. After data preprocessing, MRI images were fed into the Inception-v3 network, graph convolutional network (GCN), and 3-dimensional (3D) patch-based GCN that introduced the graph attention mechanism (our GCN) for NHB analysis and classification, respectively.

Quasi-Newton optimised Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for wind farm power prediction.

Having accurate and effective wind energy forecasting that can be easily incorporated into smart networks is important. Appropriate planning and energy generation predictions are necessary for these infrastructures. The production of wind energy is linked to instability and unpredictability.

Influencing factors of ocular pain in dry eye disease patients at high altitude.

Aim: To quantify the severity and frequency of ocular pain in Tibetan plateau patients with dry eye, and to evaluate the related factors affecting ocular pain.

Methods: A retrospective study included 160 cases of dry eye disease (DED) patients who were treated from July 2022 to June 2023. Age, gender, occupation, illness course, anxiety, plateau duration, plateau protection, ocular surface disease index scale (OSDI), break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), conjunctivitis, history of ophthalmic medication, autoimmune disease, the workload of daily near vision range, smoking and overnight stay were obtained comprehensive ophthalmic assessment, and their duration was followed up.

Characteristics of corneal aberration in patients with bilateral keratoconus and unilateral corneal Vogt's striae.

Aim: To assess the corneal high-order aberration (HOA) and its correlation with corneal morphological parameters in patients with bilateral keratoconus (KCN) and unilateral Vogt's striae.

Methods: A total of 168 eyes of 84 patients with KCN, whose corneas had definite signs of unilateral Vogt's striae, were enrolled. Corneal HOA and morphological parameters were measured using Pentacam HR.

New insights into SUMOylation and NEDDylation in fibrosis.

Fibrosis is the outcome of any abnormal tissue repair process that results in normal tissue replacement with scar tissue, leading to persistent tissue damage and cellular injury. During the process of fibrosis, many cytokines and chemokines are involved, and their activities are controlled by post-translational modifications, especially SUMOylation and NEDDylation. Both these modifications entail a three-step process of activation, conjugation, and ligation that involves three kinds of enzymes, namely, E1 activating, E2 conjugating, and E3 ligase enzymes.

[Research progress on biomarkers of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury].

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a common organ dysfunction of sepsis, and its incidence and mortality are increasing,which brings heavy economic burden to patients and society. Early diagnosis and effective intervention can block the occurrence and progression of SA-AKI effectively, improve prognosis, and reduce medical costs.

SPAG5 is a potential therapeutic target affecting proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells.

Background: Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is a mitotic spindle protein crucial for coordinating the separation of sister chromatids into daughter cells. Increasing evidence suggests that SPAG5 is overexpressed in various malignancies, functioning as an oncogene. However, research specifically examining SPAG5 in esophageal cancer remains limited.

In-depth exploration of cutaneous anthrax: clinical and pathological manifestations of a case report.

Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which can infect various animals and humans. Cutaneous anthrax primarily presents as infiltrative, edematous erythema, surface vesicles, hemorrhagic vesicles, and necrotic eschar; some patients may also experience systemic symptoms such as fever and leukocytosis. With economic development and improvements in public health conditions, naturally occurring cases of cutaneous anthrax have significantly decreased, leading to limited reports on the pathological manifestations of this disease.

Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of an oculocutaneous albinism patient: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Oculocutaneous albinism is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by congenital melanin deficiency, resulting in hypopigmentation of the eyes, hair, and skin. This study included a Chinese family with an oculocutaneous albinism pedigree, in which the proband presented with oculocutaneous albinismcombined with secondary angle closure, which has been rarely reported in previous literature. This article primarily focused on the clinical and genetic examination results of this patient and provided recommendations for ophthalmologist to treat patients with oculocutaneous albinism in clinical practice.

Exploring the Role of Flexoelectric Effect in Band Modulation in 1D MoS/Boron Phosphide Nanotube Heterostructures.

Designing and discovering superior type-II band alignment are crucial for advancing optoelectronic device technologies. Here, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the evolution of band edges in monolayer MoS, boron phosphide (BP), and MoS/BP heterostructures before and after their rolling into nanotubes. Our research results indicate that the intrinsic MoS/BP vertical heterostructures exhibit a type-II direct bandgap, but this feature is not robust under strain.

Coimmobilized Dual Enzymes in a Continuous Flow Reactor for the Efficient Synthesis of Optically Pure γ/δ-Lactones.

Enzyme catalysis is a promising method for producing chiral chemicals with high stereoselectivity under mild conditions. However, the traditional batch reaction suffers from low enzyme stability, low cofactor recycling, and poor enzyme reusability. Here, we present a continuous-flow method using coimmobilized dual enzymes for the synthesis of chiral γ-/δ-lactones, which are widely used in fragrances and flavors.

ACKR1ECs Promote Aortic Dissection Through Adjusting Macrophage Behavior.

Background: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by complex pathophysiology, in which macrophages play a critical but not yet fully understood role. This study focused on the role of endothelial cells with elevated expression of ACKR1 (atypical chemokine receptor 1) and their interaction with proinflammatory macrophages in TAAD development.

Methods: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human aortic tissues was used to identify cellular heterogeneity in TAAD.

Photoinduced Cross-Coupling of Trifluoromethylarenes with Heteroarenes via Unactivated C(sp)-F and C(sp)-H Selective Cleavage.

The installation of -difluoromethylene groups into two adjacent aryl groups is a formidable synthetic challenge despite their attractive structural, physical, and biochemical properties. Herein, we disclose a photoredox-catalyzed selective defluoroarylation of heteroarenes through inert C(sp)-F and C(sp)-H selective cleavage, which provides a straightforward route to access medicinally relevant aryl-heteroaryl or heteroaryl-heteroaryl difluoromethane scaffolds. Salient features of this reaction include readily accessible starting materials, metal-free conditions, and broad substrate scope.

Morphometric Study on the Mandible of Colobine Fossil (Mesopithecus pentelicus) Found in East Asia, a Comparison With Extant Taxa.

A tooth-bearing mandible fossil of a colobine monkey discovered at Shuitangba, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China, was morphometrically analyzed and compared with extant Asian colobines. Our previous qualitative and quantitative descriptions indicate that it can be safely attributed to Mesopithecus pentelicus, a Miocene fossil colobine widely found in Europe and South Asia. The present research aims to explore fossil association with extant colobines and functionally propose its dietary preferences based on multivariate morphometric analyses of mandibular morphology.

The first macrofossil record of parasitic plant flowers from an Eocene Baltic amber.

Parasitic plants left little trace in the macrofossil record, making their evolutionary history mysterious. Baltic amber and other fossil lagerstätts have provided plenty of angiosperm fossils, there are only three reports of fossil leaves (cf. and sp.

Involvement of Melatonin, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in the Protective Mechanism of the Carotid Artery over the Torpor-Arousal Cycle of Ground Squirrels.

Hibernating mammals experience severe hemodynamic changes over the torpor-arousal cycle, with oxygen consumption reaching peaks during the early stage of torpor to re-enter arousal. Melatonin (MT) can improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of MT action on the vascular protective function of hibernators are still unclear.

A two-sample study on the relationship between polygenic risk score of serotonergic polymorphisms and social phobia: Interpersonal adaptability as a mediator.

Backgrounds: The influence of serotonin function on social phobia has been well-documented, yet the polygenic risk score of serotonergic polymorphisms for social phobia remains unclear.

Methods: We assessed two aspects of social phobia (i.e.

Impact of ontogeny and spines on the hydrodynamic performance of the Cambrian arthropod .

A metazoan-dominated biological pump was established early in the Phanerozoic, a time that saw the evolution of the first pelagic euarthropod zooplankton such as some species of the Cambrian bivalved euarthropod . Pelagic groups evolved from benthic stock, in many cases through neoteny and retention of characteristics from planktic larval stages. However, brooded eggs and did not have a planktic larval stage, precluding this route into the pelagic realm.

Giant Ultrabroadband Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Engendered by Two-Photon Absorption in α-InSe for Chiral Terahertz Wave Generation.

Bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) can break the Shockley-Queisser limit by leveraging the inherent asymmetry of crystal lattice without a junction. However, this effect is mainly confined to UV-vis spectrum due to the wide-bandgap nature of traditional ferroelectric materials, thereby limiting the exploration of the infrared light-driven efficient BPVE. Herein, giant two-photon absorption (TPA) driven BPVE is uncovered from visible to infrared in ferroelectric α-InSe utilizing wavelength-tunable terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy.

Modulation of adzuki (Vigna angularis) bean milk analog substrates and metabolites through singular and/or combined treatment of germination and lactic acid fermentation.

Given the growing interest in dairy-free milk analog products, new and diversified alternatives are pivotal to push the market forward. Germination and fermentation are traditional processing technologies used in plant-based milk production. However, the combination of both has not been extensively investigated.

FoxO is required for neoblast differentiation during planarian regeneration.

Stem cells are of great importance in the maintenance and regeneration of tissues, with Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins emerging as pivotal regulators of their functions. However, the precise impact of FoxO proteins on stem cell behavior within regenerative environments remains ambiguous. Planarians, renowned for their abundance of adult stem cells (neoblasts), serve as an excellent model for investigating the dynamics of stem cells during regeneration.