Combinations of soil properties, carbon inputs and climate control the saturation deficit dynamics of stable soil carbon over 17-year fertilizaiton.

The soil organic carbon (SOC) saturation deficit (C) of silt and clay fractions represents the potential for SOC sequestration in a stable form and can influence organic C stabilization efficiency. Little is known, however, about temporal changes of stable soil C and how it is affected by soil properties, climate and C inputs. We investigated the temporal changes in the C of fine fractions (<53 μm) and examined the factors controlling these changes at three dry-land sites with 17-year fertilizer management histories in China.

[Research progress on the asymmetric division in mammalian oocytes].

The mammalian oocyte maturation process consists of two consecutive asymmetric divisions, and produces three daughter cells of vastly different sizes: one larger egg cell and two smaller polar bodies. Asymmetric division is a typical feature of mammalian oocyte meiosis that results in a highly polar egg cell. The mitosis of the cell after fertilization exhibits restored symmetric division, but the polarity characteristics formed during meiosis of oocytes are preserved and affect the polarity of early embryos.

Controls the Pinewood Nematode, , in Pine Seedlings.

(Ophiostomataceae) is an endoparasitic fungus that has great potential as a biological control agent against the pinewood nematode which causes pine wilt disease. We tested for control of pine wilt disease by spraying conidia on artificial wounds on pine seedlings, and the optimum treatment density and application time were also investigated in the greenhouse. The wounds were similar to those made by sawyer beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Three-decade long fertilization-induced soil organic carbon sequestration depends on edaphic characteristics in six typical croplands.

Fertilizations affect soil organic carbon (SOC) content but the relative influences of the edaphic and climate factors on SOC storage are rarely studied across wide spatiotemporal scales. This study synthesized long-term datasets of fertilization experiments in six typical Chinese croplands, and calculated annual C input from crops and manure amendments, changes in SOC storage (ΔSOC) and C sequestration efficiency (i.e.

The effect of different cooking processes on stable C, N, and H isotopic compositions of beef.

The variability in the stable C, N, and H isotopic composition caused by different beef processing operations (boiling, frying, and roasting) was studied. The aim was to evaluate the stability of stable isotopic fingerprint information during the beef cooking process. The δ(13)C, δ(15)N, and δ(2)H values for raw, boiled, fried and roasted beef were measured, and the differences in the stable isotopic composition between raw and processed beef products were assessed.

Responses of reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes, proline and malondialdehyde to water deficits among six secondary successional seral species in Loess Plateau.

Drought can impact local vegetation dynamics in a long term. In order to predict the possible successional pathway of local community under drought, the responses of some drought resistance indices of six successional seral species in the semi-arid Loss Hilly Region of China were illustrated and compared on three levels of soil water deficits along three growing months (7, 8 and 9). The results showed that: 1) the six species had significant differences in SOD, POD activities and MDA content.

Identification and characterization of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits from Agropyron intermedium.

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) is a primary determinant of processing quality of wheat. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the structure, function and genetic regulation of HMW-GS in wheat and some of its related species, but less is known about their orthologs in Agropyron intermedium, a useful related species for wheat improvement. Here seven HMW-GSs in Ag.

[Application of near infrared spectral fingerprint technique in lamb meat origin traceability].

Near infrared spectra of 99 lamb meat samples from three pasturing areas and two farming areas of China were scanned and analyzed to seek a cheap, rapid and effective method for lamb meat origin traceability. Two chemometric methods including linear discriminant analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA+LDA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to develop the discriminate models. It was showed that there were significantly differences among the lamb meat samples from five regions based on NIR spectra after second derivative (Savitzky-Golay, 9 point) and multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) transformation in the whole wavelength.

[Role of estrogen-related receptor alpha in adipocyes lipolysis].

Estrogen-related receptor a (ERRalpha) is a key regulator for energy metabolism and adipogenesis. However, its role in lipolysis is unknown. To study the function of ERRalpha in lipolysis, primary cultured differentiated porcine adipocytes were treated by a specific inverse agonist XCT790 or infected with adenoviral vector expressed ERRalpha for 48 h, in the absence and/or presence of specific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor or extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) inhibitor.

Genetics and molecular mapping of genes for high-temperature resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 54.

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases worldwide.

[Soil physical and chemical characteristics under different vegetation restoration patterns in China south subtropical area].

This paper studied the change of soil physical and chemical properties under eleven vegetation restoration patterns (1 kind of secondary forest, 2 kinds of pure coniferous plantations, 5 kinds of evergreen broad-leaved plantations, 2 kinds of conifer and broad-leaved mixed plantations, and 1 kind of shrub) typical in Daqingshan of Guangxi. Obvious differences were observed in the soil physical and chemical properties under different vegetation restoration patterns. The soil physical properties were better in secondary forest but poorer in pure conifer plantations.

[End point determination by HPLC chromatographic fingerprint in processing prepared Rehmannia].

To establish HPLC chromatographic fingerprints to control the quality of Chinese herbal medicine. In this study, fingerprints were established based on HPLC-DAD chromatographs. And with these fingerprints, content variations of three important active components catalpol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acteoside in Rehmannia rhizome were analyzed during processing, as well as changes of the fingerprints.

[Production of biodemulsifier by Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1 using waste diesel oil].

Biodemulsifier is a new type of demulsifiers for breaking oil-water emulsion. One demulsifier-producing strain, Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1 could grow on waste diesel oil (WDO), dry weight of the strain was up to 2.

Protective effects of a bacterially expressed NIF-KGF fusion protein against bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice.

Current evidence suggests that the keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and the polymorphonuclear leukocyte may play key roles in the development of lung fibrosis. Here we describe the construction, expression, purification, and identification of a novel NIF (neutrophil inhibitory factor)-KGF mutant fusion protein (NKM). The fusion gene was ligated via a flexible octapeptide hinge and expressed as an insoluble protein in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3).

DNA methyltransferases and methyl-binding proteins of mammals.

In mammals, DNA methylation, characterized by the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionines to a base (mainly referred to cytosine), acts as a major epigenetic modification. In parallel to DNA sequences arrangement, modification of methylation to DNA sequences has far-reaching influence on biological functions and activities, for it involves controlling gene transcription, regulating chromatin structure, sustaining genome stability and integrity, maintaining parental imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation, suppressing homologous recombination as well as limiting transposable elements, during which DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and methyl-binding proteins play important roles. Their aberrance can give rise to dysregulation of gene expression, cell maltransformation and so on.

[Agricultural eco-economic system coupling in Zhifanggou watershed in hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau].

Agricultural eco-economic system coupling is an organic unit formed by the inherent interaction between agricultural ecosystem and economic system, and regulated and controlled by mankind moderate interference. Its status can be expressed by the circular chain-net structure of agricultural resources and agricultural industry. The agricultural eco-economic system in Zhifanggou watershed has gone through the process of system coupling, system conflict, system coupling, and partial conflict in high leverage, which is caused by the farmers' requirement and the state's macro-policy, economic means, and administrative means.

Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) genes in common wheat and related species.

Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of Psy1 genes in common wheat and its relatives would help to understand the genetic diversity and evolution of Psy1 gene in common wheat and its related species. In the present study, common wheat (AABBDD) and eight relative species, including T. urartu (A(u)A(u)), T.

Steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum.

Three steroidal saponins were isolated and characterised from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum. The structure of the compounds were determined as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-galactopyranosyl-25(S)-spirost-5(6)-en-3beta-ol (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-galactopyranosyl-25(S)-spirost-5(6),14(15)-dien-3beta-ol (2) and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-galactopyranosyl-25(S)-spirost-5 (6)-en-3beta, 14alpha-diol (3). Compound 2 was identified as a new compound.

Codeposition of dNTPs detection for rapid LAMP-based sexing of bovine embryos.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method with high specificity and rapidity under isothermal conditions. According to the LAMP method, a rapid and simple detection system was established for bovine embryo sexing. Two sets of primers were designed by targeting the bovine male-specific sequence and bovine common sequence respectively.

Insecticidal compounds from Tripterygium wilfordii active against Mythimna separata.

In the course of screening for novel naturally occurring insecticides from plants, the ethanol extract of the root bark of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. was found to show insecticidal activity against larvae of Mythimna separata Walker. Three active compounds were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract and characterized as triptolide (1), triptonide (2) and euonine (3) by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis.

[Effects of different culture system of isolating and passage of sheep embryonic stem-like cells].

In this research, we use mouse embryonic fibroblasts as feeder layers. To eliminate the influence of serum and mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) conditioned medium (ESCCM) on self-renewal of sheep embryonic stem-like cells, knockout serum replacement (KSR) was used to replace serum, then supplanted with ESCCM for the isolation and cloning of sheep embryonic stem-like cells. We found when inner cell masses (ICMs) cultured in the control group with medium supplanted with fetal bovine serum (FBS), sheep ES-like cells could not survive for more than 3 passages.

[Study on difference of biological characteristics and resistance to powdery mildew of different Astragalus populations].

Objective: To study difference among populations which belong to Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus on morphology, habit, characteristics of physiology and resistance to powdery mildew, and classify them in order to provide theoretical basis for breeding and improving varieties.

[Expression and purification of T7 bacteriophage capsid protein P11 and preparation of monoclonal antibody against P11].

Aim: To express capsid tail protein P11 of T7 bacteriophage and produce mouse monoclonal antibody(mAb) against the protein.

Methods: P11 protein was cloned and recombinant P11 protein was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal 6-His tag. The purified protein was used to immunize BALB/c mouse.

Chemical constituents of Nouelia insignis Franch.

Two new diterpenes and ent-15alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid 11,12-acetonide (3), together with 23 known compounds were isolated from the dried aerial parts of Nouelia insignis Franch. The structures of new compounds were determined to be ent-14beta,15alpha-dihydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1), ent-14beta-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2) on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. The structure of ent-11alpha,16alpha-epoxy-15alpha-hydroxy-16S-kaur-19-oic acid (4) was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

[Expression of FoxO1 mRNA in muscle tissue of Bamei, Landrace and Landrace x Bamei].

Total RNA was extracted from soleus muscle, gastrocnemius muscle and extensor digitorum longus in hind leg of the 6-month-old male Bamei, Landrace, and the crossbred pigs (LandracexBamei). The primers of pig FoxO1 were designed and synthesized according to its homologous sequences of human, chimpanzee and rat. The optimal reaction condition and system of PCR was sieved to clone pig FoxO1 gene.