Predicting the Risk of Tart Cherry (Prunus cerasus) Infestation by Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a vinegar fly native to East Asia that has rapidly expanded its range to become a pest of sweet cherry (Prunus avium, L. 1753 [Rosales: Rosaceae]) and tart cherry (P. cerasus, L.

CropPol: A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination.

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions.

Resistance to Boscalid, Fluopyram and Fluxapyroxad in from Michigan (U.S.A.): Molecular Characterization and Assessment of Practical Resistance in Commercial Cherry Orchards.

Management of cherry leaf spot disease, caused by the fungus , with succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides has been ongoing in Michigan tart cherry orchards for the past 17 years. After boscalid-resistant were first isolated from commercial orchards in 2010, premixes of SDHI fungicides fluopyram or fluxapyroxad with a quinone outside inhibitor were registered in 2012. Here, we report widespread resistance to fluopyram (Fluo), fluxapyroxad (Flux), and boscalid (Bosc) in commercial orchard populations of in Michigan from surveys conducted between 2016 and 2019.

Preanthesis changes in freeze resistance, relative water content, and ovary growth preempt bud phenology and signify dormancy release of sour cherry floral buds.

Growing degree hours (GDH) predicted floral bud development of 'Montmorency' sour cherry and explained changes in lethal temperatures (LT) that preempted any visible changes in bud phenology. The gradual warming during late winter and early spring promotes floral bud development and, concomitantly, the de-acclimation of Prunus sp. flowers.

Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators.

Most of the world's crops depend on pollinators, so declines in both managed and wild bees raise concerns about food security. However, the degree to which insect pollination is actually limiting current crop production is poorly understood, as is the role of wild species (as opposed to managed honeybees) in pollinating crops, particularly in intensive production areas. We established a nationwide study to assess the extent of pollinator limitation in seven crops at 131 locations situated across major crop-producing areas of the USA.

Survey and Genetic Analysis of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide Resistance in From Michigan Orchards.

Resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides in , causal agent of brown rot of stone fruit, has been reported in the southeastern and eastern United States and in Brazil. DMI resistance of some isolates, in particular those recovered from the southeastern United States, is associated with a sequence element termed "Mona" that causes overexpression of the cytochrome demethylase target gene . In this study, we conducted statewide surveys of Michigan stone fruit orchards from 2009 to 2011 and in 2019, and we determined the sensitivity to propiconazole of a total of 813 isolates of .

Mismatched outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services: testing the responses of crop pollinators and wild bee biodiversity to habitat enhancement.

Supporting ecosystem services and conserving biodiversity may be compatible goals, but there is concern that service-focused interventions mostly benefit a few common species. We use a spatially replicated, multiyear experiment in four agricultural settings to test if enhancing habitat adjacent to crops increases wild bee diversity and abundance on and off crops. We found that enhanced field edges harbored more taxonomically and functionally abundant, diverse, and compositionally different bee communities compared to control edges.

Boscalid Resistance in : Distribution, Effect on Field Efficacy, and Molecular Characterization.

Cherry leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus , is a major disease of tart cherry ( L.) trees, leading to early defoliation that results in uneven ripening and poor fruit quality in the current season, reduced fruit set in the following season, and increased potential for winter injury and tree death. Pristine (BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC), a commonly used fungicide for CLS management in Michigan, is a premix of boscalid, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, and pyraclostrobin, a quinone outside inhibitor.

Does Passive Sampling Accurately Reflect the Bee (Apoidea: Anthophila) Communities Pollinating Apple and Sour Cherry Orchards?

During bloom of spring orchard crops, bees are the primary providers of pollination service. Monitoring these insects for research projects is often done by timed observations or by direct aerial netting, but there has been increasing interest in blue vane traps as an efficient passive approach to collecting bees. Over multiple spring seasons in Michigan and Pennsylvania, orchards were monitored for wild bees using timed netting from crop flowers and blue vane traps.

First Report of Juneberry Rust Caused by Gymnosporangium nelsonii on Juneberry in Michigan.

Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M.