Impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Tuberculosis Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis Among People Living With HIV/AIDS at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) to decrease the effects of tuberculosis (TB) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, not enough research has been conducted to determine the impact of IPT on TB incidence and their predictors. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate how IPT affects the incidence of TB and identify factors that are predictive of TB among HIV/AIDS patients.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Age-Varying Association Between Adherence to 8-5-2-1-0 Guidelines in Adolescents with High BMI.

Purpose: To examine the association between adherence to sleep, dietary, screen time, and physical activity (PA) (8-5-2-1-0) guidelines and risk of high body mass index (BMI ≥ 85 percentile) among U.S. adolescents and to assess for racial inequities and age-varying effects in these associations.

Effects of time-restricted eating and low-carbohydrate diet on psychosocial health and appetite in individuals with metabolic syndrome: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Time-restricted eating (TRE) and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) can improve multiple cardiometabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), but their effects on psychosocial health and satiety are unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of TRE, LCD, and their combination (TRE + LCD) on quality of life (QoL), sleep, mood, appetite, and metabolic hormones in patients with MetS.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a single-center, 3-month, open-label, randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of TRE, LCD, and TRE + LCD on weight and cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with MetS.

[Effect of Pterostilbene Regulating Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 on Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells ].

Objective To investigate the effects of pterostilbene on human colon cancer LoVo cells and study the regulatory mechanism of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the process of pterostilbene acting on LoVo cells. Methods LoVo cells were treated with different concentrations (5,10,20,40,60,80,100 μmol/L) of pterostilbene.Cell viability,migration,invasion,and apoptosis were examined by CCK-8,scratch,Transwell,and TUNEL assays,respectively.

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine combination therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria at Teda Health Centre, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022/23.

Background: The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance against artemisinin-based combination therapy has threatened malaria control efforts. Since malaria control and elimination plans are dependent on these drugs, they must remain efficacious. However, resistance to these drugs was detected in low-transmission settings and is predicted to emerge in high-transmission settings, including in unspecified areas of Ethiopia.

Use of hCG for luteal support in natural frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles: a cohort study.

Introduction: In the realm of natural frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, the application of luteal phase support (LPS) is a prevalent practice, primarily due to its beneficial impact on reproductive outcomes. Among the various LPS medications, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is one that exerts its function on both the corpus luteum and the endometrium.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hCG administration as LPS on reproductive outcomes in natural FET cycles.

Pterostilbene improves neurological dysfunction and neuroinflammation after ischaemic stroke via HDAC3/Nrf1-mediated microglial activation.

Background: Stroke is a type of acute brain damage that can lead to a series of serious public health challenges. Demonstrating the molecular mechanism of stroke-related neural cell degeneration could help identify a more efficient treatment for stroke patients. Further elucidation of factors that regulate microglia and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1 (Nrf1) may lead to a promising strategy for treating neuroinflammation after ischaemic stroke.

Radiotherapy dosing in intracranial ependymoma using the national cancer database.

Purpose: To determine the dose-dependent effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival for pediatric intracranial ependymomas and explore patient and disease characteristics that experience survival benefit from higher doses.

Methods: Data was accessed from the National Cancer Database. Inclusion criteria was comprised of a diagnosis of non-metastatic intracranial ependymoma, World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 or 3, surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy between 4500-6300 cGy, and non-missing survivorship data.

A real-world disproportionality analysis of sacubitril/valsartan: data mining of the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Purpose: Sacubitril/valsartan is extensively used in heart failure; however, there are few long-term safety studies of it in a wide range of populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate sacubitril/valsartan-induced adverse events (AEs) through data mining of the U.S.

Study on the signaling pathways involved in the anti-hyperglycemic effect of raspberry ketone on zebrafish using integrative transcriptome and metabolome analyses.

Hyperglycemia leads to increased oxidative stress in mitochondria, an abnormal activation of intracellular inflammatory signals, and mediate multiple dysfunctions. Raspberry ketone (RK) is an aromatic phenolic compound found in many plants and could contribute to weight loss, restore impaired glucose tolerance, and has antioxidant properties. In our investigation, RK could greatly prevent islet, brain and other tissue damage caused by hyperglycemia in a zebrafish model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia.

The Power of Advocacy in Global Neurosurgery.

Advocacy, one of the five domains of global neurosurgery, represents a powerful avenue to influence public policy to expand access to safe, timely, and affordable neurosurgical care. In this manuscript, we characterize advocacy in global neurosurgery, describe specific neurosurgeon-led initiatives, and delineate how neurosurgeons can become involved in global neurosurgery advocacy efforts. Advocacy in global neurosurgery involves working together in organized neurosurgery with organizations focused on clinical provisions, training, and policy initiatives.

Body composition and peri- and postoperative complications in patients with gynaecological malignancies: A systematic review.

Background: In general abdominal surgery, the ratio of fat to muscle mass, or body composition measures, shows a stronger association with complications than body mass index. These studies include male and female patients. Women have a different body composition than men.

Assessing oral and toothbrush microbial profiles among high-altitude individuals with and without periodontal disease: a case-control study.

Background: Periodontitis is the sixth-most common disease worldwide. The oral microbiome composition and its association with Periodontal disease (PD) have been largely explored; however, limited studies have explored the microbial profiles of both oral and toothbrushes in patients with PD. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain the oral and toothbrushes microbial composition in high-altitude populations, hypothesizing that their correlation with periodontal health would differ from those at lower altitudes, potentially indicating links between environmental factors, microbial colonization patterns, and periodontal health in distinct geographic contexts.

Does ambient particulate matter 1 increase the risk of gastric cancer in the northwest of China?

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant health concern in Gansu province, China, with morbidity and mortality rates surpassing national averages. Despite the recognized health risks associated with ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <1 μm (PM), the relationship between PM exposure and GC incidence has not been extensively studied. Data on GC cases from 2013 to 2021 were gathered from 262 hospitals in Gansu, China.

A deep learning-based cascade algorithm for pancreatic tumor segmentation.

Pancreatic tumors are small in size, diverse in shape, and have low contrast and high texture similarity with surrounding tissue. As a result, the segmentation model is easily confused by complex and changeable background information, leading to inaccurate positioning of small targets and false positives and false negatives. Therefore, we design a cascaded pancreatic tumor segmentation algorithm.

Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Their Associations With Risk Factors in Southeast Asia: A PURE Substudy.

Background: The drivers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality may differ around the world. Regional-level prospective data can help guide policies to reduce CVD and all-cause mortality.

Objectives: This study examined the incidence of CVD and mortality in Malaysia and the Philippines and estimated the population-level risks attributable to common risk factors for each outcome.

High stress during clinical practicum placement is associated with bullying among nursing students: A mixed-method study.

Background: Nursing students are often subjected to bullying during their clinical practices, but few study has examined associations of bullying with psychological status among these groups, and how they cope with the bullying.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the experience and psychological status of clinical placement setting bullying among nursing students attending clinical practices, and explore students' coping strategies when bullied.

Design: A mixed methods.

Toxoplasma gondii genotypes and frequency in domestic cats from Romania.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite with a heteroxenus life cycle that involves felids as the definitive hosts and any warm-blooded animal, including humans, as intermediate hosts. Cats are key players in parasite transmission as they are capable of shedding high numbers of oocysts in their feces that contaminate the environment.

Methods: The study was performed on 31 domestic cats (31.

Pupylation-Based Proximity-Tagging of FERONIA-Interacting Proteins in Arabidopsis.

The plasma membrane-localized receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) plays critical roles in a remarkable variety of biological processes throughout the life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. Revealing the molecular connections of FER that underlie these processes starts with identifying the proteins that interact with FER. We applied pupylation-based interaction tagging (PUP-IT) to survey cellular proteins in proximity to FER, encompassing weak and transient interactions that can be difficult to capture for membrane proteins.

Toward Precision in Critical Care Research: Methods for Observational and Interventional Studies.

Critical care trials evaluate the effect of interventions in patients with diverse personal histories and causes of illness, often under the umbrella of heterogeneous clinical syndromes, such as sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Given this variation, it is reasonable to expect that the effect of treatment on outcomes may differ for individuals with variable characteristics. However, in randomized controlled trials, efficacy is typically assessed by the average treatment effect (ATE), which quantifies the average effect of the intervention on the outcome in the study population.

Global Neurosurgery: An Overview.

In the following article, we define the practice of global neurosurgery and review the major historical events defining this movement within the larger context of global surgery. The current state of the neurosurgical workforce, disease burden, and ongoing collaborative efforts are highlighted. Ethical practice leading the sustainability is discussed, as well as future targets for the global community as we look beyond the next decade of opportunities to affect the neurosurgical burden of disease.