COVID-19 Pandemic Lessons for Creating Effective Mental Health Safety Nets in Lower Middle-Income Countries.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to mental health globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Pakistan. This narrative review aims to synthesize the literature on the impact of the pandemic on mental health in LMICs, the challenges and opportunities for mental health system reform, and the role of safety nets in promoting mental health. A comprehensive search was conducted in several electronic databases, resulting in 35 articles being included for review.

Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria.

Introduction: Noma is a rapidly spreading infection of the oral cavity which mainly affects young children. Without early treatment, it can have a high mortality rate. Simple gingivitis is a warning sign for noma, and acute necrotizing gingivitis is the first stage of noma.

Antimicrobial peptidase lysostaphin at subinhibitory concentrations modulates staphylococcal adherence, biofilm formation, and toxin production.

Background: The ability of antimicrobial agents to affect microbial adherence to eukaryotic cell surfaces is a promising antivirulence strategy for combating the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Inadequate use of antimicrobials has led to widespread instances of suboptimal antibiotic concentrations around infection sites. Therefore, we aimed to examine the varying effect of an antimicrobial peptidase lysostaphin (APLss) on staphylococcal adherence to host cells, biofilm biomass formation, and toxin production as a probable method for mitigating staphylococcal virulence.

Ileocecal Mesentery Arteriovenous Malformation as a Rare Cause of Ectopic Variceal Bleeding in a 58-Year-Old Male With Cirrhosis.

Ectopic varices can be defined as dilated portosystemic venous collaterals that are located at a site other than the esophagus or stomach. These varices can be seen in patients with underlying portal hypertension, but bleeding from them is quite rare. The bleeding usually occurs in patients with a history of intra-abdominal surgery and adhesions.

Pathogens in PICU before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in China: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Nonpharmacological interventions for COVID-19 could reduce the incidence of children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and the incidence of children with bacterial infections. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the bacterial profile of children in PICU before and during the COVID-19 pandemics.

Methods: This is a retrospective study, involving clinical data of children with positive bacterial cultures admitted to the PICU respectively in 2019 and 2021.

ACE I/D genotype associates with strength in sarcopenic men but not with response to ACE inhibitor therapy in older adults with sarcopenia: Results from the LACE trial.

Background: Angiotensin II (AII), has been suggested to promote muscle loss. Reducing AII synthesis, by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity has been proposed as a method to inhibit muscle loss. The LACE clinical trial was designed to determine whether ACE inhibition would reduce further muscle loss in individuals with sarcopenia but suffered from low recruitment and returned a negative result.

Frequency of Orthostatic Hypotension in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Background And Objectives: Although orthostatic hypotension (OH) can be an early feature of autonomic dysfunction in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), no large-scale studies have examined the frequency of OH in iRBD. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the frequency of OH in a large multicenter iRBD cohort.

Methods: Participants 18 years or older with video polysomnogram-confirmed iRBD were enrolled through the North American Prodromal Synucleinopathy consortium.

Development and validation of a prognosis risk score model for preterm birth among pregnant women who had antenatal care visit, Northwest, Ethiopia, retrospective follow-up study.

Background: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, specifically in low-resource settings. The majority of prematurity can be prevented if early interventions are implemented for high-risk pregnancies. Developing a prognosis risk score for preterm birth based on easily available predictors could support health professionals as a simple clinical tool in their decision-making.

RUNX1 predicts poor prognosis and correlates with tumor progression in clear cell renal carcinoma.

Background: Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), also called acute myeloid leukaemia 1, is a member of RUNX family of transcription factors. This family is composed of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that function as critical lineage determinants in various tissues, however its function in cancer development and clinical significance in RCC are still unknown.

Methods: We used paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 100 patients and fresh-harvested and paired adjacent normal renal tissues from 15 RCC patients who underwent primary surgical resection in Xijing Hospital between 2018 and 2022.

Premature mortality risk in individuals with convulsive epilepsy: Results from a longitudinal, prospective, population-based study.

Objective: To assess premature mortality and identify associated risk factors among individuals with convulsive epilepsy in resource-poor settings using a longitudinal, prospective, population-based approach.

Method: The study recruited people with convulsive epilepsy who underwent assessment and management of epilepsy at primary healthcare centers in rural Northwest China, including newly diagnosed individuals and previously identified prevalent cases. All participants were confirmed to have epilepsy by neurologists according to strict criteria and were followed up monthly by primary care physicians.

The deubiquitinating enzyme USP19 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression through stabilizing YAP.

Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and yes-associated protein (YAP) is one of the major factors of the Hippo pathway. However, the mechanism of abnormal YAP activation in HCC has not been well elucidated. Here, we screened a Deubiquitinating enzymes' (DUB) siRNA library targeting DUBs, and identified Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 19 (USP19) as a specific deubiquitinating enzyme of YAP in HCC, which could stabilize YAP at K76 and K90 sites via removing the K48- and K11-linked ubiquitin chains.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict hypothermia in adult burn patients during escharectomy under general anesthesia.

Background: It is very common for burn patients to have hypothermia during escharectomy under general anesthesia, which increases the blood transfusion demand of burn patients, and may lead to blood coagulation disorder or even increase the mortality of patients. It is important to predict the occurrence of hypothermia in advance, but we lack a prognostic prediction model. Our study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the incidence of hypothermia in adult burn patients undergoing escharectomy under general anesthesia to intervention the hazards associated with hypothermia early.

A Multi-method Exploratory Evaluation of a Service Designed to Improve Medication Safety for Patients with Monitored Dosage Systems Following Hospital Discharge.

Background And Objective: Medication safety problems are common post-hospital discharge, and an important global healthcare improvement target. The Transfers of Care Around Medicines (TCAM) service was launched by a National Health Service Trust in the North-West of England, initially focusing on patients with new or existing Monitored Dosage Systems (MDS). The TCAM service is designed to enable the prompt transfer of medication information, with referrals made by hospitals at discharge to a named community pharmacy.

Hypertriglyceridaemia Induced Pancreatitis Management: A Case Report.

Acute pancreatitis results in high morbidity and mortality. Gallstones and alcoholism are considered leading causes of acute pancreatitis. However, increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes and lifestyle choices has resulted in Hypertriglyceridaemia induced pancreatitis (HTAP) becoming more common.

USP51 facilitates colorectal cancer stemness and chemoresistance by forming a positive feed-forward loop with HIF1A.

In the current study, we have shown that USP51 promotes colorectal cancer stemness and chemoresistance, and high expression of USP51 predicts survival disadvantage in colorectal cancer patients. Mechanically, USP51 directly binds to Elongin C (ELOC) and forms a larger functional complex with VHL E3 ligase (USP51/VHL/CUL2/ELOB/ELOC/RBX1) to regulate the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of HIF1A. USP51 efficiently deubiquitinates HIF1A and activates hypoxia-induced gene transcription.

Rationale and design of a randomised phase III registration trial investigating finerenone in participants with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: The FINE-ONE trial.

Aims: Despite guideline-recommended treatments, including renin angiotensin system inhibition, up to 40 % of individuals with type 1 diabetes develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) putting them at risk of kidney failure. Finerenone is approved to reduce the risk of kidney failure in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We postulate that finerenone will demonstrate benefits on kidney outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes.

Evaluating the impact of using mobile vaccination units to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Cheshire and Merseyside, UK: a synthetic control analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of mobile vaccination units on COVID-19 vaccine uptake of the first dose, the percentage of vaccinated people among the total eligible population. We further investigate whether such an effect differed by deprivation, ethnicity and age.

Design: Synthetic control analysis.

ERK1-mediated immunomodulation of mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates inflammatory disorders.

Immune system disorders, especially T cell disorders, are important therapeutic targets of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in many autoimmune diseases (ADs). Although extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERKs) play a role in MSC therapy by promoting T cell apoptosis, the mechanism remains unclear. Our findings indicate that bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), but not BMMSCs, failed to promote T cell apoptosis due to incapacity to activate the ETS2/AURKA/NF-κB/Fas/MCP-1 cascade.

Evaluation of children's oral diagnosis and treatment using imaging examination using AI based Internet of Things.

Background: Although cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, its image segmentation method needs to be further improved, and there are still objections about the clinical application effect of general anesthesia (GA) on children's dental fear (CDF).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the application value of CBCT based on intelligent computer segmentation model in oral diagnosis and treatment of children in the context of biomedical signals, and to analyze the alleviating effect of GA on CDF.

Methods: Based on the regional level set (CV) algorithm, the local binary fitting (LBF) model was introduced to optimize it, and the tooth CBCT image segmentation model CV-LBF was established to compare the segmentation accuracy (SA), maximum symmetric surface distance (MSSD), average symmetric surface distance (ASSD), over segmentation rate (OR), and under segmentation rate (UR) between these model and other algorithms.

Derivation and validation of a new prediction model for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy based on a longitudinal prospective population-based cohort.

Objective: We conducted a population-based, prospective cohort study with a large sample size in Ningxia Province of the Northwest, a rural area in China, by developing a model to specifically assess risk factors of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in people with convulsive epilepsy by clinical variables.

Methods: Participants with convulsive epilepsy were recruited from January 1, 2008, to April 28, 2022, in rural Northwest China. They received regular assessments and management of epilepsy at the primary healthcare level and were followed up monthly.