Resolving Magnetopause Shadowing Using Multimission Measurements of Phase Space Density.

Loss mechanisms act independently or in unison to drive rapid loss of electrons in the radiation belts. Electrons may be lost by precipitation into the Earth's atmosphere, or through the magnetopause into interplanetary space-a process known as magnetopause shadowing. While magnetopause shadowing is known to produce dropouts in electron flux, it is unclear if shadowing continues to remove particles in tandem with electron acceleration processes, limiting the overall flux increase.

SizeExtractR: A workflow for rapid reproducible extraction of object size metrics from scaled images.

Size is a biological characteristic that drives ecological processes from microscopic to geographic spatial scales, influencing cellular energetics, species fitness, population dynamics, and ecological interactions. Methods to measure size from images (e.g.

Risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: With no treatment for dementia, there is a need to identify high risk cases to focus preventive strategies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the burden of dementia is greatest. We evaluated the risk of conversion from mild cognitive ompairment (MCI) to dementia in LMICs.

Methods: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched from inception until June 30, 2020.

Fourth-generation glucose sensors composed of copper nanostructures for diabetes management: A critical review.

More than five decades have been invested in understanding glucose biosensors. Yet, this immensely versatile field has continued to gain attention from the scientific world to better understand and diagnose diabetes. However, such extensive work done to improve glucose sensing devices has still not yielded desirable results.

The COVID-19 pandemic: Narratives of informal women workers in Indian Punjab.

The COVID-19 crisis has translated into an unprecedented humanitarian crisis for the poor and marginalized groups in society. The countrywide lockdowns, quarantine measures, and mobility restrictions across 200 countries of the world have resulted in a host of negative manifestations for women. There have been unprecedented losses in the informal economy, which is dominated by women.

Constraining Suprathermal Electron Evolution in a Parker Spiral Field With Cassini Observations.

Suprathermal electrons in the solar wind consist of the "halo," present at all pitch angles, and the "strahl" which is a field-aligned, beam-like population. Examining the heliospheric evolution of strahl beams is key to understanding the in-transit processing of solar wind suprathermal electrons, in particular, to identify electron scattering mechanisms and to establish the origin of the halo population. Not only does this have significant implications with regard to the kinetic processes occurring within the solar wind but also its thermodynamic evolution, as the suprathermal electrons carry the majority of the solar wind heat flux.

The impact of COVID-19 restrictions in the United Kingdom on the positive behavioural support of people with an intellectual disability.

Unlabelled: The way that people with an intellectual disability are supported is very important.The COVID-19 virus has changed the way that staff help people with an intellectual disability.We wanted to know about those changes and whether learning about positive behavioural support (PBS) helped staff to cope with them.

The migration of acetochlor from feed to milk.

Acetochlor has been widely used globally for its effective weed control, but the dietary intake of associated residues by people has become a major concern nowadays. Milk is regarded as the best solvent to dissolve pesticides due to its fat-rich characteristic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the transfer of acetochlor from feed to raw milk.

Ultraelastic Yarns from Curcumin-Assisted ELD toward Wearable Human-Machine Interface Textiles.

Intelligent human-machine interfaces (HMIs) integrated wearable electronics are essential to promote the Internet of Things (IoT). Herein, a curcumin-assisted electroless deposition technology is developed for the first time to achieve stretchable strain sensing yarns (SSSYs) with high conductivity (0.2 Ω cm) and ultralight weight (1.

Co-digestion of microalgae with potato processing waste and glycerol: effect of glycerol addition on methane production and the microbial community.

The production of methane-rich biogas from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of microalgae is limited by an unfavorable biomass carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio; however, this may be ameliorated using a co-digestion strategy with carbon-rich feedstocks. For reliable plant operation, and to improve the economics of the process, secure co-feedstock supply (ideally as a waste-stream) is important. To this end, this study investigated the feasibility of co-digesting microalgae () with potato processing waste (potato discarded parts, PPW; potato peel, PPW) and glycerol, while monitoring the response of the methanogenic community.

Mesoscopic open-eye core-shell spheroid carved anode/cathode electrodes for fully reversible and dynamic lithium-ion battery models.

We report on the key influence of mesoscopic super-open-eye core-shell spheroids of TiO- and LiFePO-wrapped nanocarbon carved anode/cathode electrodes with uniform interior accommodation/storage pockets for the creation of fully reversible and dynamic Li-ion power battery (LIB) models. The mesoscopic core-shell anode/cathode electrodes provide potential half- and full-cell LIB-CR2032 configuration designs, and large-scale pouch models. In these variable mesoscopic LIB models, the broad-free-access and large-open-eye like gate-in-transport surfaces featured electrodes are key factors of built-in LIBs with excellent charge/discharge capacity, energy density performances, and outstanding cycling stability.

Stability studies of ZnO and AlN thin film acoustic wave devices in acid and alkali harsh environments.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices based on piezoelectric thin-films such as ZnO and AlN are widely used in sensing, microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications. However, for many of these applications, the SAW devices will inevitably be used in acid or alkali harsh environments, which may cause their early failures. In this work, we investigated the behavior and degradation mechanisms of thin film based SAW devices in acid and alkali harsh environments.

A high performance surface acoustic wave visible light sensor using novel materials: BiS nanobelts.

Low dimensional BiS materials are excellent for use in photodetectors with excellent stability and fast response time. In this work, we developed a visible light sensor with good performance based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices using BiS nanobelts as the sensing materials. The SAW delay-line sensor was fabricated on ST-cut quartz with a designed wavelength of 15.

Effects of Isometric Handgrip Training in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Meta-analyses have shown that isometric handgrip training (IHT) can reduce brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) by >6/4 mm Hg, respectively. However, whether IHT promotes these effects among patients with peripheral artery disease, who exhibit severe impairment in cardiovascular function, is currently unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of IHT on the cardiovascular function of patients with peripheral artery disease.

Graphene oxide-Au nano particle coated quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for the real time analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen.

A label-free quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor was developed for the selective and real-time estimation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) through the present study. Graphene oxide-Au nanoparticles (GO-AuNPs) was synthesised on the surface of the QCM electrode and the antibody of CEA (monoclonal anti-CEA from mouse) was covalently immobilized on this layer as the bioreceptor for CEA. Mercaptoacetic acid-EDC-NHS reaction mechanism was used for anti-CEA immobilization.

A novel quartz-crystal microbalance humidity sensor based on solution-processible indium oxide quantum dots.

Having a large surface area, like the quantum confinement effect also caused by the nano-level size of quantum dots (QDs), creates fantastic potential for humidity sensing. A high concentration of surface adsorption sites initiates an increased response. Porosity between QDs allows fast water vapor penetration and outflow.

Surface Pond Energy Absorption Across Four Himalayan Glaciers Accounts for 1/8 of Total Catchment Ice Loss.

Glaciers in High Mountain Asia, many of which exhibit surface debris, contain the largest volume of ice outside of the polar regions. Many contain supraglacial pond networks that enhance melt rates locally, but no large-scale assessment of their impact on melt rates exists. Here we use surface energy balance modeling forced using locally measured meteorological data and monthly satellite-derived pond distributions to estimate the total melt enhancement for the four main glaciers within the 400-km Langtang catchment, Nepal, for a 6-month period in 2014.

Mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical cancer cytotherapy: a systematic review.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) comprise a heterogeneous population of rapidly proliferating cells that can be isolated from adult (e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue) as well as fetal (e.

Reducing series resistance in CuZnSn(S,Se) nanoparticle ink solar cells on flexible molybdenum foil substrates.

Earth abundant CuZnSnS nanoparticle inks were deposited on molybdenum foil substrates and subsequently converted to high quality thin film CuZnSn(S,Se) photovoltaic absorbers. Integration of these absorbers within a thin film solar cell device structure yields a solar energy conversion efficiency which is comparable to identical devices processed on rigid glass substrates. Importantly, this is only achieved when a thin layer of molybdenum is first applied directly to the foil.

Modelling the Ecological Comorbidity of Acute Respiratory Infection, Diarrhoea and Stunting among Children Under the Age of 5 Years in Somalia.

The aim of this study was to assess spatial co-occurrence of acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhoea and stunting among children of the age between 6 and 59 months in Somalia. Data were obtained from routine biannual nutrition surveys conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization 2007-2010. A Bayesian hierarchical geostatistical shared component model was fitted to the residual spatial components of the three health conditions.

Dissociation between Semantic Representations for Motion and Action Verbs: Evidence from Patients with Left Hemisphere Lesions.

This multiple single case study contrasted left hemisphere stroke patients ( = 6) to healthy age-matched control participants ( = 15) on their understanding of action (e.g., holding, clenching) and motion verbs (e.

Enhanced Corticospinal Excitability and Volitional Drive in Response to Shortening and Lengthening Strength Training and Changes Following Detraining.

There is a limited understanding of the neurological adaptations responsible for changes in strength following shortening and lengthening resistance training and subsequent detraining. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in corticospinal and spinal responses to resistance training of the tibialis anterior muscle between shortening or lengthening muscle contractions for 4 weeks and after 2 weeks of detraining. Thirty-one untrained individuals were assigned to either shortening or lengthening isokinetic resistance training (4 weeks, 3 days/weeks) or a non-training control group.

Cross-Representational Interactions: Interface and Overlap Mechanisms.

A crucial question facing cognitive science concerns the nature of conceptual representations as well as the constraints on the interactions between them. One specific question we address in this paper is what makes cross-representational interplay possible? We offer two distinct theoretical scenarios: according to the first scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact with the help of an interface established between them via congruent activation in a mediating third-party general cognitive mechanism, e.g.