Direct excision of the turkey jowl deformity: a review of 100 consecutive cases.

Objective: The aging of the neck is a combination of accumulated submental fat, platysmal banding, and redundant skin. Traditional face- and neck-lifting procedures successfully address these components. Unfortunately, the cost, both in terms of downtime and expense, often becomes prohibitive for a large section of the interested patient population.

Osseous tissue engineering with gene therapy for facial bone reconstruction.

Objective: Facial osseous defects remain a major functional and esthetic challenge for the head and neck surgeon. Tissue engineering may provide advantageous alternatives to conventional therapies. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of gene therapy in the repair of osseous facial defects.