Urine biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Introduction: Sputum-based tuberculosis diagnosis does not address the needs of certain categories of patients. Active development of a noninvasive urine-based diagnosis could provide an alternative approach. We reviewed publications covering more than 30 urine biomarkers proposed as significant for TB diagnosis.

[The information technologies in organization of functioning of primary health care section in rendering support to patients with COVID-19].

The article presents analysis of the Arkhangelsk City Clinical Hospital № 7 capacity and medical personnel staffing. The new coronavirus infection incidence, cases of temporary disability due to disease and quarantine of COVID-19 were analyzed in the Solombalsky district of Arkhangelsk. The issues of primary health care support and readiness of medical personnel to work with medical information systems in in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic were studied.

[Multivariable analysis of the associations between transversal maxilla size and upper airway volume].

Objective: To assess the relationship between the size of the upper jaw and the volume of the upper respiratory tract in adult patients, both in the form of continuous indicators and in the form of categorical variables.

Material And Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images of all patients (=365) aged 18-60 years who attended one of the dental clinics in Arkhangelsk (Northwest Russia) from October 2019 through November 2020 comprised the study base. Maxilla size and upper airway volume were assessed using Ez3D-I software.

[Satisfaction with the quality of medical care of the mentally ill patients and its determining factors].

Objective: To study satisfaction with treatment as a predictor of compliance in patients with mental disorders prone to committing socially dangerous acts (SDA).

Material And Methods: The study included 83 patients of a psycho-neurological institution prone to commit SDA. The comparison group consisted of 88 mental patients who were not inclined to commit SDA.

Human health risk assessment of heavy metals from meat and offal of reindeer and cow in the Far North of European Russia.

Aims: This study aimed to compare the concentrations of heavy metals in reindeer and cow meat and offal originating from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Northwestern Russia, and to assess the risk to the health of the indigenous population associated with heavy metal intake due to the consumption of reindeer and cow.

Methods: Lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic concentrations were measured in 39 muscle, 15 liver, and 14 kidney samples from reindeer and 33, 18, and 12 corresponding samples from cow in 2014-2016 using atomic absorption spectrometry. Estimated daily intake of investigated heavy metals, hazard quotient, hazard index and cancer risk were calculated.

The Glycocalyx Shedding Influences Hemodynamic and Metabolic Response to Fluid Load in Septic Shock.

Objective: Sepsis-associated endothelial dysfunction and degradation result in release of inflammatory mediators, compromise endothelial permeability, and impair alveolar fluid clearance leading to pulmonary edema. Excessive fluid therapy in septic shock damage the endothelial glycocalyx which will increase capillary leakage. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship of endothelial glycocalyx shedding with hemodynamic and metabolic response to fluid load in patients with septic shock.

Low vitamin D levels among children and adolescents in an Arctic population.

Aims: We aimed to study the vitamin D status of the population of Arkhangelsk, a city in northwestern Russia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Arkhangelsk residents, including 55 neonates and their mothers, 214 children <3 years, 191 schoolchildren (7-8 years), 403 adolescents (13-17 years), 260 university students (18-22 years) and 85 adults (24-60 years). The data were collected from March 2013 to November 2014 and from January 2016 to May 2016.

Knowledge and experience of Kazakhstan athletes in anti-doping and the impact of past educational intervention.

Background: Although Kazakhstan National Anti-Doping Organization (KazNADO) exists since 2013, but little is yet known about anti-doping (AD) knowledge of Kazakhstan athletes. The aim of this study was to assess the AD education knowledge level and experience among Kazakhstan athletes, as well as the impact of any past AD educational program on them.

Methods: Altogether, 590 athletes (the median was age 17 years (interquartile range 8)), representing various sports, participated in the web-based study and completed the questionnaire, which consisted of socio-demographic part and ALPHA test.

Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries.

Background: Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0-14 years) and adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000-14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0-24 years).

Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease and Infection in Children: Key Updates, Challenges and Opportunities.

Children affected by rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB; TB resistant to at least rifampicin) are a neglected group. Each year an estimated 25,000-30,000 children develop RR-TB disease globally. Improving case detection and treatment initiation is a priority since RR-TB disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Socioeconomic inequalities in physiological risk biomarkers and the role of lifestyles among Russians aged 35-69 years.

Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular (CVD) health outcomes are well documented. While Russia has one of the highest levels of CVD mortality in the world, the literature on contemporary socio-economic inequalities in biomarker CVD risk factors is sparse. This paper aims to assess the extent and the direction of SEP inequalities in established physiological CVD risk biomarkers, and to explore the role of lifestyle factors in explaining SEP inequalities in physiological CVD risk biomarkers.

Comparing prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors between population-based surveys in Russia and Norway.

Background: Little data exists on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Russian population. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of CKD in a population-based study in Russia, compare with a similar study in Norway, and investigate whether differences in risk factors explained between-study differences in CKD.

Methods: We compared age- and sex-standardised prevalence of reduced eGFR (< 60 ml/min/1.

Quality of life in children with cochlear implants in Kazakhstan.

Background: Although cochlear implantation (CI) has been performed in Kazakhstan since 2007 little is known about quality of life of patients after CI. The aim of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Kazakhstani children after CI.

Methods: Altogether, 53 families with a child using a cochlear implant for at least 1 year participated in the study between July 20, 2019 and February 20, 2020 at the Audiological Сenter of Almaty, Kazakhstan.

[Dimensions of the upper airways and its impact on the dentoalveolar system development].

Due to the high mobility and variability of bone structures and soft tissues surrounding the upper respiratory tract, the exact boundaries for measuring and normalizing the size of the respiratory tract have not yet been determined. Studies have determined the relationship between the narrowing of the upper jaw and a decrease in the transverse dimensions of the airways, as well as a positive effect in changing the size of the airways after orthodontic treatment and/or orthognathic surgery. Nevertheless, the results of research in this area may differ greatly from different specialists, which indicates that the topic is poorly studied and it is necessary to continue and expand the range of scientific works to assess the state of the upper respiratory tract and their relationship with the orthodontic status.

Pilot study on the concentrations of organochlorine compounds and potentially toxic elements in pregnant women and local food items from the Finnish Lapland.

In the Arctic, main sources of persistent organic pollutants and potentially toxic elements are industry and agriculture in the lower latitudes. However, there are also local sources of pollution. Our study was focused on possible pollution in the Finnish Lapland, transferred from the Pechenganikel industrial complex located in the borders of Russia, Finland and Norway.

Physiological Changes in Subjects Exposed to Accidental Hypothermia: An Update.

Background: Accidental hypothermia (AH) is an unintended decrease in body core temperature (BCT) to below 35°C. We present an update on physiological/pathophysiological changes associated with AH and rewarming from hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA).

Temperature Regulation And Metabolism: Triggered by falling skin temperature, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus induces release of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Prolactin from pituitary gland anterior lobe that stimulate thyroid generation of triiodothyronine and thyroxine (T4).

Caregiving of Older Persons during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Russian Arctic Province: Challenges and Practice.

Older people and their families were particularly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, but not much is known about the context of the Arctic regions of Russia. In this study, we identified the changes in family care before and during the pandemic using a questionnaire for the informal caregivers of older people. We investigated how and to what extent the pandemic has affected the relationships between caregiver and older person, and how the mental and physical health of older people and caregivers were affected by self-isolation in the Arkhangelsk region of Russia.

Invasive and Non-invasive Dynamic Parameters to Predict Fluid Responsiveness After Off-pump Coronary Surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the predictive value of invasive and non-invasive dynamic parameters for evaluation of fluid responsiveness after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: Thirty-two adult patients after off-pump coronary surgery were enrolled into a single-center pilot prospective observational study. After arrival to the intensive care unit, all patients received standard fluid challenge test to assess fluid responsiveness.

Iodine Status of 6-12-Year-Old Children in Russia over the Past 10 Years: A Scoping Review.

Iodine is an essential element for growth and development of children. Ensuring adequate iodine intake and monitoring iodine intake are important public health concerns. According to the World Health Organization, a population-based assessment of iodine status is often done by measuring urine iodine concentration (UIC) in children aged 6-12 years.

Geographic and Ethnic Variations in Serum Concentrations of Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants among Men in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Arctic Russia.

The overwhelming majority of Arctic biomonitoring studies in humans include either pregnant or non-pregnant women of reproductive age while little attention is paid to toxic compounds concentrations in men. This study contributes with information of the present amounts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in men living in Arctic Russia. We studied the serum concentrations of 11 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and some of their metabolites in samples collected from 92 adult men (mean age 43 years) from seven different settlements in Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO).

[The development of first medical care support to victims of road traffic accidents: The publications review].

The medical and demographic losses because of road traffic accidents continue to be significant in most of economically developed and developing countries. The national strategies of reducing medical and demographic losses include two groups of measures, depending on object of exposure: (1) targeted to decreasing risk of road traffic accidents and (2) targeted to timely and adequate medical care support of victims. Beyond this classification are activities targeted to developing and improving in participants of road traffic skills of first self-care and mutual assistance.

Volumetric Monitoring and Extravascular Lung Water in Perioperative Setting and Critically Ill.

In the new century, our diagnostic armamentarium has been significantly reinforced by the 'three-dimensional' volumetric haemodynamic monitoring currently available at the bedside in many perioperative and intensive care settings. The volumetric approach has improved our insight into the haemodynamic scenarios of many critical illnesses and surgical interventions, including sepsis, circulatory shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as cardiothoracic and transplantation surgery. However, the influence of volumetric haemodynamic monitoring on clinical outcome is still a subject for debates.

Rationale and design of the PeriOperative ISchemic Evaluation-3 (POISE-3): a randomized controlled trial evaluating tranexamic acid and a strategy to minimize hypotension in noncardiac surgery.

Background: For patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, bleeding and hypotension are frequent and associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular complications. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent with the potential to reduce surgical bleeding; however, there is uncertainty about its efficacy and safety in noncardiac surgery. Although usual perioperative care is commonly consistent with a hypertension-avoidance strategy (i.