Protective Ventilation Improves Gas Exchange, Reduces Incidence of Atelectases, and Affects Metabolic Response in Major Pancreatoduodenal Surgery.

Background: Protective perioperative ventilation has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of ventilation with low tidal volume (V) either alone or in a combination with moderate permissive hypercapnia in major pancreatoduodenal interventions.

Materials And Methods: Sixty adult patients scheduled for elective pancreatoduodenal surgery with duration >2 h were enrolled into a prospective single-center study.

How do general practitioners implement decision-making regarding COPD patients with exacerbations? An international focus group study.

Purpose: To explore the decision-making of general practitioners (GPs) concerning treatment with antibiotics and/or oral corticosteroids and hospitalization for COPD patients with exacerbations.

Methods: Thematic analysis of seven focus groups with 53 GPs from urban and rural areas in Norway, Germany, Wales, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong.

Results: Four main themes were identified.

Social correlates of term small for gestational age babies in a Russian Arctic setting.

Background: Small for gestational age (SGA) births have been associated with both short- and long-term adverse health outcomes. Although social risk factors for SGA births have been studied earlier, such data are limited from Northern Russia.

Objective: We assessed maternal social risk factors for term SGA births based on data from the population-based Murmansk County Birth Registry (MCBR).

Seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among young adults in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) worldwide. Mother to child transmission causes high morbidity and mortality among infants. Russia is on the brink of a generalized HIV-epidemic, but Arkhangelsk is still a low-prevalence area.

Health service perceptions about implementation of a new TB diagnostic in Northern Russia: a qualitative study.

Many tuberculosis services are implementing new diagnostics to accelerate treatment initiation for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Successful implementation and uptake are likely to depend on many factors. To describe the perceptions of the Arkhangelsk health services staff in Northern Russia on the process of introducing the line-probe assay and to determine what facilitates the process of uptake into practice.

Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia.

High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of geographically restricted populations, or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer. Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new methodologies for inferring population history and refuelled the debate on the mutation rate in humans. Here we present the Estonian Biocentre Human Genome Diversity Panel (EGDP), a dataset of 483 high-coverage human genomes from 148 populations worldwide, including 379 new genomes from 125 populations, which we group into diversity and selection sets.

Continuous Monitoring of Lactate Using Intravascular Microdialysis in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objective: To assess the accuracy and applicability of a novel system, not requiring calibration, for continuous lactate monitoring with intravascular microdialysis in high-risk cardiac surgery.

Design: Single-center prospective observational study.

Setting: City Hospital #1 of Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.

Maternal Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in Murmansk County, Russia: A Registry-Based Study.

Background: Globally, about 11% of all liveborn infants are preterm. To date, data on prevalence and risk factors of preterm birth (PTB) in Russia are limited. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of PTB in Murmansk County, Northwestern Russia and to investigate associations between PTB and selected maternal factors using the Murmansk County Birth Registry.

Outbreak of tuberculosis in a closed setting: views on transmission based on results from molecular and conventional methods.

Background: This study describes an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) in a nursing home for men with mental disorders where residency is lengthy or permanent. This type of setting can provide a model of transmission as contact with the rest of society is extremely limited.

Aim: To determine if cases of TB, diagnosed around the same time and in the same place, are linked based on results using molecular and conventional methods.

The Impact of a Line Probe Assay Based Diagnostic Algorithm on Time to Treatment Initiation and Treatment Outcomes for Multidrug Resistant TB Patients in Arkhangelsk Region, Russia.

Background: In the Arkhangelsk region of Northern Russia, multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) rates in new cases are amongst the highest in the world. In 2014, MDR-TB rates reached 31.7% among new cases and 56.

Prevalence of smoking before and during pregnancy and changes in this habit during pregnancy in Northwest Russia: a Murmansk county birth registry study.

Background: Smoking during pregnancy leads to adverse maternal and birth outcomes. However, the prevalence of smoking among women in Russia has increased from < 5% in the 1980s to > 20% in the 2000s. We conducted a registry-based study in Murmansk County, Northwest Russia.

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract: A murmansk county birth registry study.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUTs) are relatively common birth defects. The combined prevalence in Europe was 3.3 per 1000 in 2012.

Fluid Therapy: Double-Edged Sword during Critical Care?

Fluid therapy is still the mainstay of acute care in patients with shock or cardiovascular compromise. However, our understanding of the critically ill pathophysiology has evolved significantly in recent years. The revelation of the glycocalyx layer and subsequent research has redefined the basics of fluids behavior in the circulation.

[Analysis of catamnesis combatants and pensioners of the Ministry of internal Affairs with mental disorders].

We analysed catamnesis of combatants and pensioners of the Ministry of internal Affairs (MIA) of Russia, dismissed in connection with the presence of mental disorder impeding further passage of service. It is shown that within three years after the dismissal of the combatants noted the negative clinical dynamics of mental state with a disability, the formation of a concomitant alcohol dependence. They have expressed social problems as divorce, do manual work low-skilled or do not work, which requires improved approaches to providing them with medical psychological and social assistance, with regular observation.

[Demographic and social predictors of place of death in the group of elderly].

Analysis of data from the 2814 Medical certificates of death was performed to reveal socio-demographic characteristics of citizens who died at elderly age, depending on the place of death and alcohol anamnesis. Divorced or single elderly people with lower educational status had greater odds ratio to die «on the street» or «at home» rather than in a «medical organization» (respectively to characteristics of demographic status and the structure of causes of death). Clinically verified diagnosis of «Mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol» (F10) in anamnesis was not associated with the «choice» of place of death among elderly people.

Ophthalmic epidemiology in Europe: the "European Eye Epidemiology" (E3) consortium.

The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium is a recently formed consortium of 29 groups from 12 European countries. It already comprises 21 population-based studies and 20 other studies (case-control, cases only, randomized trials), providing ophthalmological data on approximately 170,000 European participants. The aim of the consortium is to promote and sustain collaboration and sharing of data and knowledge in the field of ophthalmic epidemiology in Europe, with particular focus on the harmonization of methods for future research, estimation and projection of frequency and impact of visual outcomes in European populations (including temporal trends and European subregions), identification of risk factors and pathways for eye diseases (lifestyle, vascular and metabolic factors, genetics, epigenetics and biomarkers) and development and validation of prediction models for eye diseases.

The effects of advanced monitoring on hemodynamic management in critically ill patients: a pre and post questionnaire study.

In critically ill patients, many decisions depend on accurate assessment of the hemodynamic status. We evaluated the accuracy of physicians' conventional hemodynamic assessment and the impact that additional advanced monitoring had on therapeutic decisions. Physicians from seven European countries filled in a questionnaire in patients in whom advanced hemodynamic monitoring using transpulmonary thermodilution (PiCCO system; Pulsion Medical Systems SE, Feldkirchen, Germany) was going to be initialized as part of routine care.

[Atrial Fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Clinical Practice Physician].

Atrial fibrillation: stroke prevention in clinical practice physician Atrial fibrillation (AF) - one of the most common arrhythmias. In patients with atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke 5 times, and the main method of prevention - the appointment of anticoagulant therapy. The aim of the present study were the analysis of the prevalence of risk factors for stroke in patients with AF and quality evaluation of stroke prevention in clinical practice physician.

Changes in detection of birth defects and perinatal mortality after introduction of prenatal ultrasound screening in the Kola Peninsula (North-West Russia): combination of two birth registries.

Background: Prenatal diagnostics ultrasound was established in Russia in 2000 as a routine method of screening for birth defects. The aims of the current study were twofold: to assess changes in birth defects prevalence at birth and perinatal mortality after ultrasound screening was implemented and to estimate prenatal detection rates for congenital malformations in the city of Monchegorsk (Murmansk County, North-West Russia).

Methods: The Murmansk County Birth Registry and the Kola Birth Registry were the primary sources of information, and include 30 448 pregnancy outcomes in Monchegorsk for the period 1973-2011.

[Alcohol anamnesis and a death place factor: Role in mortality rates due to leading cardiovascular diseases].

Aim: To reveal the specific features of marital status and educational level in people who have died of leading circulatory diseases (CDs) in Arkhangelsk in relation to the place of death, alcohol anamnesis, and demographic characteristics (gender, life span). Materials and methods. Data on the diagnosed underlying cause of death, marital status, educational level, and place of death were copied from 4137 medical death certificates (form 106/y-08) of all those who had died in Arkhangelsk in 1 July to 30 June 2012.