The clade in the Holarctic region: existing names evaluated and seven new species described.

is a commonly reported species, characterized by a yellow pileus, yellow colors on the stipe, pleurocystidia provided with digitiform excrescences, and a pileipellis composed of long, fusiform elements. Several species related to have been described from the temperate and boreal areas of the Northern Hemisphere, and previous phylogenetic studies have shown that more than one species can be recognized around , but it was unclear how many, or which names, would be correct for them. We studied 141 holarctic collections in the /leoninus clade and available type collections of species in this group.

Earth greening and climate change reshaping the patterns of terrestrial water sinks and sources.

While vegetation brings positive benefits for climate mitigation and adaptation, the impact of ongoing global greening remains controversial due to its uncertain effects on hydrological cycle. Here, we quantitatively assess the impact of vegetation dynamics on global water availability by proposing a comprehensive framework to quantify the terrestrial water sink and source scores associated with vegetation dynamics. These scores serve as indicators of whether large alterations in water resources have occurred in the lands due to either the greening or degradation of surface vegetation.

Eukaryotic phytoplankton drive a decrease in primary production in response to elevated CO in the tropical and subtropical oceans.

Ocean acidification caused by increasing anthropogenic CO is expected to impact marine phytoplankton productivity, yet the extent and even direction of these changes are not well constrained. Here, we investigate the responses of phytoplankton community composition and productivity to acidification across the western North Pacific. Consistent reductions in primary production were observed under acidified conditions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the northern South China Sea, whereas no significant changes were found at the northern boundary of the subtropical gyre.

Fe-2,5-furandicarboxylate Metal Organic Frameworks with Rare Building Blocks and a Ligand that can be Biomass-Derived as Effective Catalysts for Selective Nitroarene Reduction.

We report two three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks constructed from Fe3+ and the ligand, 2,5-furandicarboxylate (FDC) that can be derived from biomass. One contains an unprecedented infinite-rod-shaped building unit, and the other is the first crystalline framework of FDC that contains solely iron in the metal nodes. The materials are formed as microcrystals and their structures determined using 3D-electron diffraction with the bulk confirmed by powder XRD.

The spectrum of IDH- and H3-wildtype high-grade glioma subgroups occurring across teenage and young adult patient populations.

Background: High-grade gliomas (HGG) occur in any central nervous system (CNS) location and any age. HGGs in teenagers/young adults (TYA) are understudied. This project aimed to characterise these tumours to support accurate patient stratification.

Safety of a medicated feed to treat parasites of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).

Parasites are a significant health concern for livestock and domestic animals and much effort has been invested in the development, testing, and implementation of treatments. There has, however, been relatively little done to treat wild animal populations for parasites. Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is a species of conservation interest, that could benefit from anti-parasite treatment.

Patterns and outcomes of early and late recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion: a multicenter study in China.

Background: A few studies focus on the long-term outcomes and surveillance strategies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and microvascular invasion (MVI) who experience postoperative recurrence. The aim of this study was to explore the patterns and prognosis of early and late recurrence (ER and LR) after hepatectomy of such patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients with HCC and MVI after hepatectomy from 26 centers in China from 2009 to 2020 were included.

LLMs for thematic summarization in qualitative healthcare research: feasibility and insights.

Background: The application of large language models (LLMs) in analyzing expert textual online data is a topic of growing importance in computational linguistics and qualitative research within healthcare settings.

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand how large language models (LLMs) can help analyze expert textual data. Topic modeling enables scaling the thematic analysis of content of a large corpus of data, but it still requires interpretation.

Effects of heat load on beef cattle activity budgets in a northern temperate grazing system.

Livestock production is increasingly at risk from rising temperatures under global warming. Despite this, how temperature increases impact the behavior of cattle on pasture is not fully understood. This research reports on patterns of beef cattle activity, including step counts and lying time, during the summer and fall grazing seasons of 2021, coincident with an unusual period of elevated temperatures and heat load within a northern temperate rangeland of Alberta, Canada.

Treatment stigma mediates relationships between morally injurious events and depression, PTSD and anxiety symptoms.

Morally injurious events (MIEs), encompassing personal transgressions, witnessing others commit transgressions, or experiencing betrayal by leaders, can conflict with one's moral/ethical principles, evoking outrage and profound mistrust. Although MIEs are associated with depression, PTSD, and anxiety, the mechanisms linking MIEs to psychiatric symptomatology remain unclear, especially among civilians in times of collective trauma. This study explored one potential mechanism: stigma toward mental-health treatment, which can deter help-seeking and exacerbate guilt, shame, and mistrust.

CCL2 expression predicts clinical outcomes, and regulates E-cadherin and angiogenesis in pituitary tumours.

The crosstalk between tumour cells and microenvironment components in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs), including chemokines, may impact tumour behaviour and clinical outcomes. CCL2 was previously identified as a key chemokine in PitNETs, but its role remains unknown. We aimed to study the role of CCL2 in defining the phenotype and clinical outcomes of PitNETs, and in regulating macrophage chemotaxis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis.

A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Markers and Candidate Genes Affecting Tolerance to the Wheat Pathogen .

Plants defend themselves against pathogens using either resistance, measured as the host's ability to limit pathogen multiplication, or tolerance, measured as the host's ability to reduce the negative effects of infection. Tolerance is a promising trait for crop breeding, but its genetic basis has rarely been studied and remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal the genetic basis of leaf tolerance to the fungal pathogen that causes the globally important septoria tritici blotch disease on wheat.

Effects of Different Endoscopic Treatment Methods on Bleeding Complications in Pedunculated Colorectal Polyps.

Introduction: Endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps offers several advantages, including ease of performance, reduced surgical time, and preservation of anatomic structures. However, bleeding remains a common complication of the endoscopic treatment of colorectal polyps, particularly with a higher incidence of postprocedural bleeding in pedunculated colorectal polyps. Currently, there is no optimal method for the resection of pedunculated colorectal polyps.

Transaminase-Triggered Cascades for the Synthesis and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Chiral N-Heterocycles.

Biocatalysis is now a well-established branch of catalysis and the growing toolbox of natural, evolved and designer enzymes is enabling chemistry previously deemed inaccessible. However, most enzyme methodologies have been developed for functional group interconversions, such as the conversion of a ketone to an amine or alcohol, and do not result in the generation of significant 3D molecular complexity. The application of enzyme-triggered reaction cascade methodologies has the potential to transform simple substrates into complex sp3-rich molecules in one step.

Conditional Activation of Protein Therapeutics by Templated Removal of Peptide Nucleic Acid Masking Groups.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based therapeutics are emerging as treatments for immunotherapy; however, systemic activation of immune cells hampers their success. Chemically controlling the activity of potent cytokines could mitigate unwanted T cell stimulation and widen their therapeutic window. In this study, we developed a strategy for the conditional activation of proteins utilizing removable peptide nucleic acid (PNA) masking groups.

The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Associated DRD4 7R Allele Predicts Household Economic Status but Not Nutritional Status in Northern Kenyan Rendille Children.

Objectives: Around 11% of U.S. children are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The Evolution of Global Surface Ammonia Concentrations during 2001-2019: Magnitudes, Patterns, and Drivers.

Ammonia (NH) is the most prevalent alkaline gas in the atmosphere, with its elevated concentrations posing significant adverse impacts on air quality, ecosystems, and human health across diverse spatial and temporal scales. Given the ongoing global change and intensified anthropogenic NH emissions, it is projected that the global surface NH concentration will escalate further. Here, based on ground observations, gridded data of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer applications, meteorological data, and ancillary information, we estimated changes in global monthly surface NH concentration during 2001-2019 at a 0.

Understanding and Tuning Singlet-Triplet (S1/T1) Energy Gaps in Planar Organic Chromophores.

Molecules with large gaps between their first singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST) are key components of various modern technologies, most prominently singlet fission photovoltaics and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. The design of these molecules is hampered by the fact that only limited rules for maximizing ΔEST exist, other than increasing the overlap between the frontier molecular orbitals (FMO). Here we suggest a new strategy for tuning and maximizing ΔEST based on a detailed analysis of the underlying quantum mechanical energy terms.

Using Colour to Control Conformation in a Chemical System Containing Multiple Tricyanofuran Photoacids.

Colour vision relies on selective, reversible isomerisation by visible light of a mixture of retinyl chromophores in photoreceptor cells. Synthetic molecular mimics of this wavelength-dependent induction of function are rare, despite the attractiveness of controlling chemical processes solely by the wavelength of incident light. Here, we report a colour-responsive chemical system composed of a cationic receptor complex, two competing chiral anionic ligands and two metastable photoacids with contrasting absorption properties.

Frequencies of different blood group antigens and phenotypes in Northern Vietnamese donors.

Background And Objectives: Blood safety is the top priority in transfusion medicine. However, patients in Vietnam are only transfused with ABO and RhD compatible blood products, which could pose a threat to induce alloimmunization. This study was performed to provide information about the frequencies of antigens and phenotypes of clinically significant blood groups in Vietnamese donors.

Cloud-to-Thing continuum-based sports monitoring system using machine learning and deep learning model.

Sports monitoring and analysis have seen significant advancements by integrating cloud computing and continuum paradigms facilitated by machine learning and deep learning techniques. This study presents a novel approach for sports monitoring, specifically focusing on basketball, that seamlessly transitions from traditional cloud-based architectures to a continuum paradigm, enabling real-time analysis and insights into player performance and team dynamics. Leveraging machine learning and deep learning algorithms, our framework offers enhanced capabilities for player tracking, action recognition, and performance evaluation in various sports scenarios.

Incarcerated lateral inguinal hernia following ilioinguinal lymph node dissection: an unusual case.

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) spreads predictably from primary tumour to inguinal lymph nodes then pelvic nodes and finally, to distant sites. Inguinal dissection involves resection of all femoral and inguinal nodes and is part of the recommended management. Femoral hernias are a commonly reported consequence of these extensive dissections.

Astragalus-containing Chinese herbal medicine used with Western medicine for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that requires effective management to prevent kidney damage and other systemic effects. While Western medicine provides the standard treatment, incorporating traditional Chinese medicine, such as Astragalus-containing Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), may offer additional benefits in improving patient outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Astragalus in conjunction with Western medicine for the treatment of LN.

Sleep Quality in an Asthmatic Adult Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background & Aims: Asthma is a chronic disorder affecting health-related quality of life. This study aimed to explore differences in sleep quality based on individual characteristics, such as smoking habits and asthma.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included Saudi citizens aged ≥18 years.

Effect of dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal microbiota during critical illness: A scoping review.

The systemic effects of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly recognised. Dietary strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated promise. While changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota, the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain uncertain.