Prefrontal cortical microglial transcriptome relates to mouse offspring executive function deficits after perinatal opioid exposure in a sex-dependent manner.

Opioid use during pregnancy affects over 7% of pregnancies in the United States. While efforts have been directed at mitigating effects of prenatal opioid exposure acutely in the neonatal period, long-term neurodevelopmental studies in humans remain challenging. Using a preclinical model, we previously found that perinatal morphine (MO) exposure induces sex-dependent executive function deficits in adult offspring, and sexually divergent shifts in microglia phenotype.

An ethylene response factor negatively regulates red light induced resistance of melon to powdery mildew by inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis.

Powdery mildew is a common serious disease threatening global melon production. Red light can improve plant resistance to powdery mildew by inducing endogenous ethylene synthesis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism requires elucidation. In this study, an ERF transcription factor CmRAP2-13 was identified, silencing it significantly improved melon seedlings resistance to powdery mildew.

The Quit Together couples-focused pilot randomized trial of tobacco cessation for pregnant smokers.

Aims: This study reports on the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of prenatal and postnatal couples-focused telephone counseling for pregnant tobacco smokers.

Design And Setting: This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted online in Romania and enrolled a total of 90 pregnant smokers and 77 of their life partners.

Participants: 90 adult pregnant smokers and 77 of their life partners were randomized either to (1) Motivation and Problem Solving (MAPS) telephone counseling (n = 45 pregnant smokers who received up to 8 pre/postnatal telephone counseling sessions and n = 40 partners who received up to 4 sessions) or (2) usual care (n = 45 pregnant smokers and n = 37 partners).

Records of anthropogenic plutonium isotopes in wind-blown sand deposits: Tracing global fallout in northern China's semi-arid dune fields.

This study investigates plutonium (Pu) isotopes preserved in nebkhas--aeolian dunes formed by shrubs intercepting wind-blown sands to reconstruct environmental changes in the semi-arid Mu Us dune field, northern China. Analysis results of two nebkha profiles reveal that the Pu/Pu atom ratios consistently approximate 0.18, indicating a dominant source from global fallout, with no significant local contributions from the Lop Nor or Semipalatinsk nuclear tests or the Chernobyl accident.

Harmonizing low-cost and regulatory air quality monitoring networks with interpretable semi-supervised learning: Reducing exposure misclassification in underrepresented communities.

Low-cost sensors (LCSs) can address gaps in regulatory air quality monitoring station (AQMS) distribution, but they face data quality issues and spatial misalignment challenges when calibrating large-scale LCS networks against AQMS networks. This study proposed a semi-supervised learning model that uses data augmentation via chained imputation (CI-DA) to address the spatial misalignment problem by synthesizing pseudo-LCS data, thereby enhancing the use of LCS in PM mapping. Tangshan, an industrial city in northern China, was selected as the case study area.

Population-based Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire in Resource-limited Settings.

Rationale: Spirometry, while necessary for the diagnosis of COPD, remains a scarce and costly resource worldwide. Screening questionnaires may help to bridge the diagnostic gap.

Objectives: We evaluated the performance of the St.

From Polymers to Rings and Back Again: Chemical Recycling of Polyesters to Macrolactones.

Cyclic anhydride and epoxide ring-opening copolymerization is a versatile and controlled route to make polyesters, gaining attention in different application sectors but so far the chemical recycling of these polyesters to cyclic monomers is under-explored. Here, the catalytic chemical recycling of aliphatic polyesters to selectively form 16- and 18-membered lactones is presented. The recycling reactions are catalysed using commercial tin octoate and conducted in the polymer melt (230 °C) resulting in high conversions to the macro-lactones (>90%).

IVF success rates in individuals accessing preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions (PGT-M): a single centre retrospective cohort study of 572 IVF cycles.

Purpose: To evaluate live birth rates per embryo transfer where the primary indication for assisted reproduction was preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions.

Methods: All oocytes were fertilized using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. On days 5-7, ~ 5 trophectoderm cells were biopsied.

FBXO32 ubiquitination of SUFU promotes progression and lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via hedgehog signaling.

Lenvatinib is a prevalent treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet resistance to the drug significantly limits its effectiveness. This study investigates the role of FBXO32 (F-Box Protein 32) in HCC progression and lenvatinib resistance. Methods: We utilized the GSE211850 and GSE46408 datasets to identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is highly expressed in both lenvatinib-resistant HCC cells and HCC tissues.

Non-invasive sampling reveals landscape genetic structure in the threatened ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) in an ore-rich region of Western Australia.

Bat species are expected to exhibit low genetic structuring due to their high mobility. Thus, habitat connectivity is important to maintain gene flow and genetic diversity to retain evolutionary potential. The ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) is a large carnivorous bat endemic to Australia.

Differential Impact of Hospitalization on Cystatin C- and Creatinine-Based Estimated GFR.

Background: Cystatin C has entered mainstream clinical care as a measure of kidney function, joining serum creatinine which has been used for almost a century. But many physicians notice that eGFRCr and eGFRCys values can differ considerably. Hospitalization with critical illness is known to acutely decrease eGFRdiff (eGFRCys - eGFRCr).

Sex-specific performances, trade-offs, and trait repeatability across the lifetime of the world's largest semelparous mammal (Dasyurus hallucatus).

The activities that define survival and reproductive success in animals depend on their physical performances. However, performance is a complex trait, and organisms must balance competing demands of multiple underlying factors every time they undertake an activity. For example, the morphology that increases bite force (i.

The Sustainable Potential of Single-ion Conducting Polymers.

Energy storage technologies are critical for sustainable development, with electrolyte materials playing a decisive role in performance and safety. Single-ion conducting polymers (SICPs) represent a distinct materials class characterized by selective ion transport through immobilized ionic groups. While their potential for battery applications is recognized, an analysis of their sustainability implications and pathways to practical implementation has been lacking.

Sputum microbiology data and related clinical outcomes among adult Aboriginal Australians with bronchiectasis.

Background: Sputum microbiology is an integral aspect of managing patients with bronchiectasis. Adult Aboriginal Australians have a high bronchiectasis disease burden; however, as yet there is sparce literature detailing the sputum microbiology profile in this population.

Aims: To assess the sputum microbiology profile among Aboriginal patients aged ≥18 years with chest computed tomography-confirmed bronchiectasis in the Top End Northern Territory of Australia.

Comparison of Combined Motor Control Training and Isolated Extensor Strengthening Versus General Exercise on Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Health and Associations With Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study DesignProspective Randomized Controlled Trial.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of combined motor control and isolated lumbar strengthening exercise (MC + ILEX) vs general exercise (GE) on upper lumbar paraspinal muscle volume and composition, strength and patient outcomes in individuals with chronic low back pain (LBP).Methods50 participants with nonspecific chronic LBP were randomly allocated (1:1) to each group (MC + ILEX or GE) and underwent a 12-week supervised intervention program 2 times per week.

Impact of diabetes on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events associated with lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Aims: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an emerging risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, evidence on MACE risk according to Lp(a) level in atherosclerotic patients is insufficient, and more data is needed about whether type 2 diabetes (T2DM) additionally contributes to this risk. We aimed to investigate the association between Lp(a) and MACE in atherosclerotic patients and compare the magnitude of Lp(a)-MACE association in the patients with and without T2DM.

Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Activating E-Cadherin/Krüppel-Like Factor 4/Integrin α5 Signaling in a Calcium-Dependent Manner.

Gut microbiota and integrins are known to contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether they interact has been unclear. Here, we provided evidence that upregulated integrin α5 (ITGA5) in CRC in both human patients and murine models. Knocking down in CRC cells weakened the ability of to stimulate their malignant characteristics.

Assessing the adoption of multiple Integrated Striga Management (ISM) technologies among smallholder maize farmers in rural Northern Nigeria.

The adoption of Integrated Striga Management (ISM) technology has been recommended as an effective approach to mitigating Striga infestation, a significant challenge to maize productivity and food security. Despite substantial efforts by stakeholders to promote its deployment, adoption levels remain low. This study utilized data from 643 smallholder farmers sampled across Bauchi and Kano states in Northern Nigeria.

Self-reported history of head injury is associated with cognitive impulsivity on a delay discounting task.

Background: Head injuries are a major health care concern that can produce many long lasting cognitive, mental, and physical problems. An emerging literature indicates increased impulsivity in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In a recent study, Veterans with clinically-assessed history of mild TBI had increased cognitive, but not motor, impulsivity.

Digital physical activity intervention via the Kidney BEAM platform in patients with polycystic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: In people living with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), physical inactivity may contribute to poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To date, no research has elucidated the impact of a PKD-specific physical activity programme on HRQoL and physical health. This substudy of the Kidney BEAM Trial evaluated the impact of a PKD-specific 12-week educational and physical activity digital health intervention for people living with PKD.

The relationship between food insecurity and emotional eating during the coronavirus pandemic in northern California.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined the association between food insecurity and emotional eating and explored correlations between emotional eating and dietary behavior in the U.S during the pandemic.

Methods: Participants ( = 515, 77.

A systematic review of prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes in First Nations children and young people.

Introduction: There is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in First Nations populations worldwide, increasingly at younger ages. This review aims to identify interventions for the prevention of T2D in First Nations children and young people aged 4-25 years.

Methods: A systematic search of both published and unpublished literature until March 2024 was performed using 15 electronic databases, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ATSIHealth, OpenGrey and specific First Nations databases.

Further development of a patient-reported outcome measure to assess the impact of oral secretion problems in people living with MND.

Oral secretion problems are common yet poorly managed in people living with MND (plwMND). A validated patient-reported outcome for measuring saliva symptoms in this patient group would facilitate better monitoring of individuals. This study aimed to assess the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of a revised version of the clinical saliva score for MND (CSS-MNDr).