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111 results match your criteria: "Northern Forestry Centre[Affiliation]"
NPJ Clim Atmos Sci
December 2024
Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada.
In 2023, wildfires burned 15 million hectares in Canada, more than doubling the previous record. These wildfires caused a record number of evacuations, unprecedented air quality impacts across Canada and the northeastern United States, and substantial strain on fire management resources. Using climate models, we show that human-induced climate change significantly increased the likelihood of area burned at least as large as in 2023 across most of Canada, with more than two-fold increases in the east and southwest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.
Climate warming can alleviate temperature and nutrient constraints on tree growth in boreal regions, potentially enhancing boreal productivity. However, in permafrost environments, warming also disrupts the physical foundation on which trees grow, leading to leaning trees or "drunken" forests. Tree leaning might reduce radial growth, undermining potential benefits of warming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
October 2024
Professorship for Land-Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
With ongoing global warming, increasing water deficits promote physiological stress on forest ecosystems with negative impacts on tree growth, vitality, and survival. How individual tree species will react to increased drought stress is therefore a key research question to address for carbon accounting and the development of climate change mitigation strategies. Recent tree-ring studies have shown that trees at higher latitudes will benefit from warmer temperatures, yet this is likely highly species-dependent and less well-known for more temperate tree species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolites
August 2024
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
The recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks have caused widespread mortality among lodgepole pine trees in western North America, resulting in a reduced population of surviving trees. While previous studies have focused on the cascading impacts of these outbreaks on the physiology and growth of the surviving trees, there remains a need for a comprehensive study into the interactions among various physiological traits and the growth in post-outbreak stands. Specifically, the relationship between chemical (primarily terpenes) and anatomical (mainly resin ducts) defences, as well as the allocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) to support these defence modalities, is poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2024
Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Climate warming has caused a widespread increase in extreme fire weather, making forest fires longer-lived and larger. The average forest fire size in Canada, the USA and Australia has doubled or even tripled in recent decades. In return, forest fires feed back to climate by modulating land-atmospheric carbon, nitrogen, aerosol, energy and water fluxes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Ecol Evol
September 2024
Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Applied Ecology Research Group, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Earth is facing simultaneous biodiversity and climate crises. Climate-change refugia - areas that are relatively buffered from climate change - can help address both of these problems by maintaining biodiversity components when the surrounding landscape no longer can. However, this capacity to support biodiversity is often vulnerable to severe climate change and other stressors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2024
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada.
The 2023 wildfire season in Canada was unprecedented in its scale and intensity, spanning from mid-April to late October and across much of the forested regions of Canada. Here, we summarize the main causes and impacts of this exceptional season. The record-breaking total area burned (~15 Mha) can be attributed to several environmental factors that converged early in the season: early snowmelt, multiannual drought conditions in western Canada, and the rapid transition to drought in eastern Canada.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcology
October 2024
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Peatlands cover approximately 12% of the Canadian landscape and play an important role in the carbon cycle through their centennial- to millennial-scale storage of carbon under waterlogged and anoxic conditions. In recognizing the potential of these ecosystems as natural climate solutions and therefore the need to include them in national greenhouse gas inventories, the Canadian Model for Peatlands module (CaMP v. 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethodsX
December 2024
USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, 3041 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Wildfire is an important natural disturbance agent in Canadian forests, but it has also caused significant economic damage nationwide. Spatial fire growth models have emerged as important tools for representing wildfire dynamics across diverse landscapes, enabling the mapping of key wildfire hazard metrics such as location-specific burn probabilities or likelihoods of fire ignition. While these summary metrics have gained popularity, they often fall short in capturing the directional spread of wildfires and their potential spread distances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Data
July 2024
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada.
Satellite data are effective for mapping wildfires, particularly in remote locations where monitoring is rare. Geolocated fire detections can be used for enhanced fire management and fire modelling through daily fire progression mapping. Here we present the Canadian Fire Spread Dataset (CFSDS), encompassing interpolated progressions for fires >1,000 ha in Canada from 2002-2021, representing the day-of-burning and 50 environmental covariates for every pixel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
June 2024
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Recently burned boreal forests have lower aboveground fuel loads, generating a negative feedback to subsequent wildfires. Despite this feedback, short-interval reburns (≤20 years between fires) are possible under extreme weather conditions. Reburns have consequences for ecosystem recovery, leading to enduring vegetation change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZookeys
May 2024
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 3S5 Canada Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre Edmonton Canada.
The Elateridae, or click beetles are abundant and diverse in most terrestrial ecosystems in North America, acting as plant pests and filling many other ecological roles. The 112 genera of Elateridae Leach, 1815, or click beetles, known from Canada and USA are included in a first comprehensive digital interactive key to adults. A link to an online peer-reviewed LUCID key to elaterid genera and downloadable LUCID files are provided.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Data
April 2024
Regional Atmospheric Modelling (MAR) Group, Department of Physics, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum (CEIR), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
We assembled the first gridded burned area (BA) database of national wildfire data (ONFIRE), a comprehensive and integrated resource for researchers, non-government organisations, and government agencies analysing wildfires in various regions of the Earth. We extracted and harmonised records from different regions and sources using open and reproducible methods, providing data in a common framework for the whole period available (starting from 1950 in Australia, 1959 in Canada, 1985 in Chile, 1980 in Europe, and 1984 in the United States) up to 2021 on a common 1° × 1° grid. The data originate from national agencies (often, ground mapping), thus representing the best local expert knowledge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Entomol
May 2024
Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
Nature
March 2024
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Overnight fires are emerging in North America with previously unknown drivers and implications. This notable phenomenon challenges the traditional understanding of the 'active day, quiet night' model of the diurnal fire cycle and current fire management practices. Here we demonstrate that drought conditions promote overnight burning, which is a key mechanism fostering large active fires.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
March 2024
Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada.
Communities interspersed throughout the Canadian wildland are threatened by fires that have become bigger and more frequent in some parts of the country in recent decades. Identifying the fireshed (source area) and pathways from which wildland fire may ignite and spread from the landscape to a community is crucial for risk-reduction strategy and planning. We used outputs from a fire simulation model, including fire polygons and rate of spread, to map firesheds, fire pathways and corridors and spread distances for 1980 communities in the forested areas of Canada.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcohealth
December 2023
School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
Hard-bodied ticks have become a major concern in temperate regions because they transmit a variety of pathogens of medical significance. Ticks and pathogens interact with hosts in a complex social-ecological system (SES) that influences human exposure to tick-borne diseases (TBD). We argue that addressing the urgent public health threat posed by TBD requires an understanding of the integrated processes in the forest ecosystem that influence tick density and infection prevalence, transmission among ticks, animal hosts, and ultimately disease prevalence in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fungi (Basel)
November 2023
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122nd Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.
Fungi play key roles in forest soils and provide benefits to trees via mycorrhizal symbioses. After severe disturbance, forest regrowth can be impeded because of changes in fungal communities. In 2013-2014, soil fungi in forest floor and mineral soil were examined by Roche 454 pyrosequencing in undisturbed, harvested, and burned jack pine stands in a forested area near Fort Chipewyan, Alberta.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
October 2023
Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Rising atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) associated with climate change affects boreal forest growth via stomatal closure and soil dryness. However, the relationship between VPD and forest growth depends on the climatic context. Here we assess Canadian boreal forest responses to VPD changes from 1951-2018 using a well-replicated tree-growth increment network with approximately 5,000 species-site combinations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
December 2023
University of Maine, Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, Orono, ME, USA; Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
Collaborative governance structures are increasingly common among natural resource managers. While studies have assessed the conditions under which collaborative action occurs, little emphasis has been placed on the role leadership may play in joint-jurisdictional systems. Management of species under the Endangered Species Act offers an opportunity to assess the collaboration of federal, state, and tribal resource agencies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
December 2023
Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
In western Canada, decades of oil-and-gas exploration have fragmented boreal landscapes with a dense network of linear forest disturbances (seismic lines). These seismic lines are implicated in the decline in wildlife populations that are adapted to function in unfragmented forest landscapes. In particular, anthropogenic disturbances have led to a decline of woodland caribou populations due to increasing predator access to core caribou habitat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
September 2023
Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Surface oil sands mining and extraction in northern Alberta's Athabasca oil sands region produce large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). OSPW is a complex mixture containing major contaminant classes including trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs). Naphthenic acids (NAs) are the primary organic toxicants in OSPW, and reducing their concentrations is a priority for oil sands companies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Ecol
November 2023
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada.
In North America, lodgepole pine is frequently subjected to attacks by various biotic agents that compromise its ability to defend against subsequent attacks by insect herbivores. We investigated whether infections of lodgepole pine by different pathogenic fungal species have varying effects on its defense chemistry. We selected two common pathogens, Atropellis canker, Atropellis piniphila, and western gall rust, Endocronartium harknessii, affecting mature lodgepole pine trees in western Canada.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
July 2023
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada.
The oil sands mining operations in Alberta have produced billions of m of tailings which must be reclaimed and integrated into various mine closure landforms, including terrestrial landforms. Microorganisms play a central role in nutrient cycling during the reclamation of disturbed landscapes, contributing to successful vegetation restoration and long-term sustainability. However, microbial community succession and response in reconstructed and revegetated tailings remain largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Sep Sci
September 2023
Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Canada.
Froth treatment tailings are one type of waste stream generated during the extraction of surface-mined oil sands bitumen. To remove water and solids from bitumen froth recovered during the water-based extraction process, hydrocarbon diluent is added, and settling and/or centrifugation are applied to the diluted bitumen froth, producing diluted bitumen and froth treatment tailings. While recovery processes are in place to remove and recycle the diluent from froth treatment tailings, some residual diluent can remain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF