Designing for medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease: multi-disciplinary approaches for self-administrable biotherapeutics.

Biotherapeutics are among the therapeutics that have revolutionized standard inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, which was previously limited to mesalamine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, and classical immunosuppressants. Self-administrable biotherapeutics for IBD would enable home-based treatment and reduce the burden on medical infrastructure. Self-administration is made possible through subcutaneous injectable, oral, and rectal dosage forms.

Pathogenicity of tick-derived lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in BALB/c mice.

Background: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a zoonotic pathogen primarily transmitted by rodents. Recently, LCMV has been detected in ticks from northeastern China; however, the pathogenicity of this virus in murine models remains to be elucidated.

Results: Here, we examined the tick-derived LCMV strain JX14 by inoculating BALB/c mice with 3.

Fully distributed energy management strategy for DC bus charging stations with three charging modes.

Although electric vehicles supplied through distributed generators (DGs) have been universally researched to reduce CO emissions, the accurate current sharing regarding islanded multi-bus DC charging stations considering three charging modes of electric vehicles, i.e., constant current mode, constant power mode and constant voltage mode, is rarely realized.

The significant role of vegetation activity in regulating wetland methane emission in China.

Accurate quantifying of methane (CH) emissions is a critical aspect of current research on regional carbon budgets. However, due to limitations in observational data, research methodologies, and an incomplete understanding of process mechanisms, significant uncertainties persist in the assessment of wetland CH fluxes in China. In this study, we developed a machine learning model by integrating measured CH fluxes with related environmental data to produce a high-resolution (1 km) dataset of CH fluxes from China's wetlands for the period 2000-2020.

Is there an association between eye-level greenness and childhood hypertension using street view? Findings from the Seven Northeastern Cities study in China.

There is a lack of evidence regarding associations of eye-level greenness exposure with blood pressure among children. We aimed to investigate the associations between eye-level greenness of different types and pediatric blood pressure in China. From 2012 to 2013, we recruited 9354 children aged between 5 and 17 years in northeast China.

The spin-wave energy spectrum and transition temperature of the two-dimensional VSe2-like: A retarded Green's function method study.

Based on the recent discovery of intrinsic magnetism in monolayer films VSe2, we have constructed a two-dimensional (2D) Heisenberg model incorporating the 1T and 2H structures. These configurations consist of three layers: the upper and lower surface layers and a middle layer. Using the retarded Green's function method, we investigate the spin-wave energy spectrum, spin-wave density of states, and transition temperature of the system.

Magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effect in hexagonal MnCoGe alloys mediated by axial strain: a Monte Carlo study.

We report numerical studies of the magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effect in hexagonal MnCoGe alloys, controlled by axial strain applied along the -axis direction around room temperature. These studies are based on a combination of first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Under compressive strains, the ferromagnetic state is stable, whereas under tensile strains, the ground state transforms into an antiferromagnetic state.

Transformation-Invariant Laplacian Metadevices Robust to Environmental Variation.

As one of the typical applications of metamaterials, the invisibility cloak has raised vast research interests. After many years' research efforts, the invisibility cloak has extended its applicability from optics and acoustics to electrostatics and thermal diffusion. One scientific challenge that has significantly restricted the practical application of the invisibility cloak is the strong background dependence, that is, all passive cloaking devices realized thus far are unable to resist variation in the background refractive index.

Tree Lifespans in a Warming World: Unravelling the Universal Trade-Off Between Growth and Lifespan in Temperate Forests.

Tree growth and lifespan are key determinants of forest dynamics, and ultimately control carbon stocks. Warming and increasing CO have been observed to increase growth but such increases may not result in large net biomass gains due to trade-offs between growth and lifespan. A deeper understanding of the nature of the trade-off and its potential spatial variation is crucial to improve predictions of the future carbon sink.

Orthodontic Treatment Need and Its Relation to Gender, Oral Hygiene, and Age Range in a Mexican Population.

Introduction Malocclusion, a prevalent oral health concern, significantly impacts both functional abilities and psychosocial well-being. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is widely used to assess malocclusion severity and orthodontic treatment needs. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs based on the DAI in a Mexican population, considering factors such as gender, oral hygiene, and age range.

Multidimensional relationships between sensory perception and cognitive aging.

A growing literature suggests that declines in sensory/perceptual systems predate cognitive declines in aging, and furthermore, they are highly predictive for developing Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's related dementias (ADRD). While vision, hearing, olfaction, and vestibular function have each been shown to be related to ADRD, their causal relations to cognitive declines, how they interact with each other remains to be clarified. Currently, there is substantial debate whether sensory/perceptual systems that fail early in disease progression are causal in their contributions to cognitive load and/or social isolation or are simply coincident declines due to aging.

Spontaneous and perturbation-based EEG cortical excitability markers are associated with plasma p-tau181 concentration in healthy middle-aged adults.

In early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition can induce neuronal hyperactivity, thereby potentially triggering activity-dependent neuronal secretion of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), ensuing tau aggregation and spread. Therefore, cortical excitability is a candidate biomarker for early AD detection. Moreover, lowering neuronal excitability could potentially complement strategies to reduce Aβ and tau buildup.

Phylogenetic inferences reveal multiple intra- and interhost genetic diversity among bat rabies viruses circulating in northeastern Brazil.

Background: Rabies, a lethal viral zoonotic disease, remains a significant global public health concern. In northeastern Brazil, in particular, its epidemiology is complex and dynamic, characterized by the presence of several reservoirs associated with human rabies infection.

Methods: This study, conducted from June 2022 to July 2023, was part of a passive epidemiological surveillance initiative under Brazil's National Rabies Surveillance Program.

Mechanistic study of the calcination process in magnesium production: Application of the Darcy-Clausius coupling model for improving environmental efficiency.

In the process of industrialization, it is found that the calcination process is an important factor affecting the reduction rate, which determines the energy consumption and carbon emission of the reaction process. In this study, the micro-nano physical model of the factors affecting the reduction rate of calcined precursors was constructed by coloring the SEM results of pellets before and after calcination with Gaussian height expression and combining Clausius and Gibbs equations. The influence of the formation degree of the internal pores of the pellets on the reduction rate was analyzed by controlling the calcination time of the precursor.

The dynamics of higher-order novelties.

Studying how we explore the world in search of novelties is key to understand the mechanisms that can lead to new discoveries. Previous studies analyzed novelties in various exploration processes, defining them as the first appearance of an element. However, novelties can also be generated by combining what is already known.

Assessing groundwater quality and suitability for Agricultural use in Punjab, India: A spatial and temporal analysis.

Groundwater is a crucial global water resource; however, it faces the threat of depletion and quality degradation due to intensive agriculture and excessive fertilizer use. In India, groundwater assessments focus mainly on exploitation levels and often neglect quality. This study integrates groundwater quality with exploitation data to evaluate groundwater resources in Punjab, India.

Exploring the spatiotemporal effects of urban scale and urban vitality on S&D balance in the Yangtze River Delta, China from 2015 to 2025.

Analysis of the spatiotemporal trends of urban scale and urban vitality on ecosystem services balance provides an essential basis for regional sustainable development. This study employs the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR), and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) to effectively capture spatiotemporal associations between urban scale, urban vitality, and ecosystem services supply-demand balance, providing a detailed view of regional variations. The integrated framework combines spatiotemporal analysis, predictive scenario simulation, and importance-performance analysis to quantify and strategize urban impacts on ESs.

Efficient sex hormone biosensors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to evaluate human aromatase activity and inhibition.

Yeast sex-hormone whole-cell biosensors are analytical tools characterized by long-time storage and low production cost. We engineered compact β-estradiol biosensors in S. cerevisiae cells by leveraging short (20-nt long) operators bound by the fusion protein LexA-ER-VP64-where ER is the human estrogen receptor and VP64 a strong viral activation domain.

Bacteria use exogenous peptidoglycan as a danger signal to trigger biofilm formation.

For any organism, survival is enhanced by the ability to sense and respond to threats in advance. For bacteria, danger sensing among kin cells has been observed, but the presence or impacts of general danger signals are poorly understood. Here we show that different bacterial species use exogenous peptidoglycan fragments, which are released by nearby kin or non-kin cell lysis, as a general danger signal.

Participant perspectives related to individual chemical exposure report-back approaches in three environmental health studies.

Returning results to participants of environmental exposure studies has become more common in recent years. Despite evidence of benefits for study participants, there are challenges in communicating results to people with limited resources or capacity to mitigate chemical exposures. We interviewed N=54 participants and compared exposure report-back conducted in 2010-2013 across three susceptible study populations: 1) low-income pregnant individuals in the Chemicals in Our Bodies (CIOB) study; 2) the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort; and 3) early childhood educators (ECE).

D3-ImgNet: A Framework for Molecular Properties Prediction Based on Data-Driven Electron Density Images.

Artificial intelligence technology has introduced a new research paradigm into the fields of quantum chemistry and materials science, leading to numerous studies that utilize machine learning methods to predict molecular properties. We contend that an exemplary deep learning model should not only achieve high-precision predictions of molecular properties but also incorporate guidance from physical mechanisms. Here, we propose a framework for predicting molecular properties based on data-driven electron density images, referred to as D3-ImgNet.

Unsupervised machine learning analysis to identify patterns of ICU medication use for fluid overload prediction.

Background: Fluid overload (FO) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is common, serious, and may be preventable. Intravenous medications (including administered volume) are a primary cause for FO but are challenging to evaluate as a FO predictor given the high frequency and time-dependency of their use and other factors affecting FO. We sought to employ unsupervised machine learning methods to uncover medication administration patterns correlating with FO.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal subfield morphology, and episodic memory in older adults.

Objective: Age-related hippocampal atrophy is associated with memory loss in older adults, and certain hippocampal subfields are more vulnerable to age-related atrophy than others. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may be an important protective factor for preserving hippocampal volume, but little is known about how CRF relates to the volume of specific hippocampal subfields, and whether associations between CRF and hippocampal subfield volumes are related to episodic memory performance. To address these gaps, the current study evaluates the associations among baseline CRF, hippocampal subfield volumes, and episodic memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Investigating Gains in Neurocognition Trial of Exercise (IGNITE) (NCT02875301).